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Ans:1
(i) The First Quartile denoted by Q1 is the median of lower half of data set. That means
about 25% of the numbers in the data set lie below Q 1 and about 75% lie above Q1.
Fixed Acidity
5.6
6.3
6.7
6.9
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.9
8.1
8.5
8.5
8.9
8.9
8.9
11.2
Q1 = 5.6, 6.3, 6.7, 6.9, 7.3, 7.4, 7.4, 7.4, 7.4, 7.5, 7.5, 7.6
Q2 = 7.8
The Third Quartile Q3 is the median of the lower half of the data set. This means that
about 75% of the numbers in data set lie below Q3 and about 25% lie above Q3.
Fixed Acidity
5.6
6.3
6.7
6.9
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.9
8.1
8.5
8.5
8.9
8.9
8.9
11.2
Q3 = 7.8, 7.8, 7.9, 7.9, 7.9, 8.1, 8.5, 8.5, 8.9, 8.9, 8.9, 11.2
Q3 = 8.3
z = number of observation
A = 1st column variables
B = 2nd column variables
n = 26
∑ A = 202.9
∑ B = 13.925
A*B = 106.341
A2 = 1609.91
B2 = 8.100525
z = n( ∑ AB) – ( ∑ A ) ( ∑ B) ÷ √[ n ∑A2 – (∑ A )2 ][ n ∑B2 – (∑ B )2
z = - 60.5165 ÷ √ 11516.006
z = - 60.5165 ÷ 107.312
z = - 0.5639
Residual Sugar
A Chlorides B A*B A2 B2
1.2 0.065 0.078 1.44 0.004225
1.6 0.069 0.1104 2.56 0.004761
6.1 0.071 0.4331 37.21 0.005041
6.1 0.071 0.4331 37.21 0.005041
2 0.073 0.146 4 0.005329
1.8 0.075 0.135 3.24 0.005625
1.9 0.075 0.1425 3.61 0.005625
1.9 0.076 0.1444 3.61 0.005776
1.9 0.076 0.1444 3.61 0.005776
1.8 0.077 0.1386 3.24 0.005929
1.4 0.08 0.112 1.96 0.0064
2.3 0.082 0.1886 5.29 0.006724
2.3 0.084 0.1932 5.29 0.007056
2.4 0.085 0.204 5.76 0.007225
4.4 0.086 0.3784 19.36 0.007396
1.6 0.089 0.1424 2.56 0.007921
1.8 0.092 0.1656 3.24 0.008464
2.3 0.092 0.2116 5.29 0.008464
1.8 0.097 0.1746 3.24 0.009409
2.6 0.098 0.2548 6.76 0.009604
1.6 0.106 0.1696 2.56 0.011236
1.6 0.114 0.1824 2.56 0.012996
3.9 0.17 0.663 15.21 0.0289
3.8 0.176 0.6688 14.44 0.030976
1.8 0.341 0.6138 3.24 0.116281
1.7 0.368 0.6256 2.89 0.135424
63.6 2.888 6.8539 199.38 0.467604
z = coefficient of correlation
A = 1st column variables
B = 2nd column variables
n = number of observations
n = 26
A = 63.6
B = 2.888
A*B = 6.8539
A2 = 199.38
B2 = 0.467604
z = - 5.4754 ÷ √ 4347.4398
z = - 5.4754 ÷ 65.9351
z = - 0.08
z = - 0.5639 and z = - 0.08 shows strong strength between fixed acidity and
volatile acidity associates its correlation coefficient strong rather than residual
sugar and chlorides associates pair.
(iii) In that connection between fixed acidity and volatile acidity rely on relationship
coefficient high score of r = 0.5639 it shows the PH of wine is low which mean the
sourness of wine depends upon this. The total acidity of a wine is the combined sum of
titratable and volatile acids present. To determine the total acidity of a wine you must first
perform the titration to measure the titratable acids and the then the steam distillation of a
wine sample to determine the concentrations of volatile acids.
Ans:2.
A. Skewness-It is the degree of distortion from the symmetrical bell curve or the
normal distribution. It measures the lack of symmetry in data distribution.
It differentiates extreme values in one versus the other tail.
B. Kurtosis is all about the tails of the distribution — not the peakedness or
flatness. It is used to describe the extreme values in one versus the other tail. It
is actually the measure of outliers present in the distribution.
High kurtosis in a data set is an indicator that data has heavy tails or outliers. If
there is a high kurtosis, then, we need to investigate why we have so many
outliers. It indicates a lot of things, maybe wrong data entry or other things.
Kurtosis is a level of whether the data overpowering – scanned for after or lighter
checked for after relative with a typical scattering. That is lighting up records with high
kurtosis will keep running in delicacy have liberal tails, to amazing cases. Informational
parties with low kurtosis will when all is said in done have light tails or nonattendance of
remarkable cases. A uniform dispersal would be the silly case.
The Skewness and Kurtosis bits of learning have a large portion of the stores of being
incredibly destitution stricken upon the model size. The table above shows the technique.
Genuinely, even a few hundred server properties didn't shock appraisals of the veritable
kurtosis and skewness. Reasonably unassuming acceptable sizes can give results that are
remarkably bewildering.
In short skewness and kurtosis are all around that truly gives insignificant. Shewhart
referenced this target affirmation in his first book. The bits of learning for skewness and
kurtosis in a general sense don't give any urgent information past that starting late given
by the level of zone and scattering".
Everything considered high in fact, chloride gives high figure demonstrates skewness and
high kurtosis are 37.56 and 5.02 independently.
(ii) The mean, median and modes of Sulphur dioxide and Total sulphur dioxide are
differing substantially from each other and its mention in the table below -
So in above case it follows the pattern of mean > median > mode. That means the
distribution will be positive skew. And the pattern it follows will be positive skewness or
right skewness.
(iii) As from the data given below it is clearly seen that the density and chlorides Are
somewhat normally distributed
As the data above shows the mean, mode and median of all the values differ hugely and
their SD lies above 0.10 so from the data above it is clearly visible the chlorides and
density are seems to have normally distributive.
From their mean, mode and median data it is clearly visible that the values are somewhat
closer to each other and their standard deviation seems below 0.10.
Ans: 3 (a)
Then the probability that the ruling party will win 0 rounds is:
The probability that the ruling party will win 1 round is:
The probability that the ruling party will win 2 rounds is:
The probability that the ruling party will win 3 rounds is:
The probability that the ruling party will win all 4 rounds is:
Ans: 3 (b)
The probability that the ruling party will win at least 1 round is: