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Unit 4: Europe & Russia Date _____________________ Pd ________
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: EUROPE
Europe is composed of 4 regions:
• Northern
_______________ Europe
• Northwestern
____________________ Europe
• Southern
_______________ Europe
• Eastern
_______________ Europe
Physical Geography of Europe
• Europe is a large peninsula made up of numerous smaller peninsulas. The
history of European countries have been influenced by the unique physical
glaciation
geography which has been shaped by _______________ from the last ice age,
which a process by which glaciers form and spread, plate tectonics, and the
water systems that run throughout the region.
Europe is composed of 5 main peninsulas.
• Jutland
____________________ Peninsula
• Scandinavian
____________________ Peninsula
• Iberian
____________________ Peninsula
• Italian
____________________ Peninsula
• Balkan
____________________ Peninsula
Comparing Data: U.S.A. vs Europe
• 2,346,844
Landmass: __________________ sq mi (USA: 3,796,742 sq mi)
• 600,188,980
Population: __________________ (USA: 322,761,807)
Climate Regions
• latitude wind
Northern Europe: Climate patterns and biomes are affected by _______________, landforms, __________ patterns, ocean
currents
____________, and distance from water. Natural vegetation varies from forests to tundra plants.
• block
Southern Europe: The Alps ________ Atlantic winds from the north, causing the warm, dry summers and mild, rainy winters
of this Mediterranean climate. The subregion is well suited for growing grapes, olives, shrub herbs, and raising livestock.
• North Atlantic
Northwestern Europe: The __________ _______________
Current
__________ brings warm water up from the Caribbean,
contributing to mild winters, cool summers, and abundant rainfall.
Local winds can cause changes to the normal weather pattern, like
foehn
the __________ (pronounced fuhrns), dry winter winds that blow
from the leeward sides of mountains that can melt snow and
mistral
cause avalanches and the __________, a strong northerly wind
from the Alps that can bring cold air to southern France.
• humid
Eastern Europe: Much of Eastern Europe has a __________
continental
__________________ climate with some areas having a Mediterranean and humid subtropical climates.
CPHS World Geography Name ________________________________
Unit 4: Europe & Russia Date _____________________ Pd ________
Areas of Elevation
• Northern Europe: During the last ice age, the process of glaciation scoured the land and shaped the landforms of Northern
fjords
Europe. Ice filled the valleys and carved out long, narrow, steep‐sided __________ that are now filled with seawater.
• Alps
Northwestern Europe: The ________ are a high and jagged mountain range that were created by the folding of the Earth’s
Mont Blanc
crust and shaped by glaciation. The highest peak in the Alps, __________ __________, is located on the France/Italy border
15,771
and stands at a height of __________ ft.
• Southern Europe: The Pyrenees Mts. Run 350 mi between France and Spain and are characterized by flat‐topped
massifs
__________, a body of mountain ranges formed by fault‐line activity. The Apennine Mts. run 750 mi down the center of the
Mt. Etna volcano
Italian Peninsula. _____ __________, dominates the island of Sicily and is Europe’s tallest active _______________ standing
10,700
at __________ ft.
• Eastern Europe: Eastern Europe is characterized by several mountain ranges that are extensions of the Swiss Alps. The
Balkan Mts. and Carpathian Mts. are a rugged landscape that makes traveling over land difficult, thereby increasing the
waterways transportation
importance of _______________ for __________________.
Major Bodies of Water
• Glaciation
Northern Europe: __________________ left hundreds of thousands of lakes in Northern Europe. Many of the rivers on the
Scandinavian Peninsula contain falls and rapids that hamper transportation between cities and depend on these to run
oil Norwegian North
hydroelectric plants. Deposits of ______ and natural gas have been found in the ________________ and __________ Seas.
• Northwestern Europe: Water plays a critical role in the lives and economies of Northwestern Europe. Most cities are within
300
________ miles of a sea or coast. The lakes in the Alps are an important water source and with nearly 25% of the
dikes
Netherlands below sea level, a series of __________, which are banks of earth or stone, to hold back water have been built.
• Southern Europe: Glacial movement in the last ice age did not reach Southern Europe’s peninsulas and as a result, the
lack natural lakes
landforms ________ ____________ ________. The shallowness of the rivers in the subregion make them not a viable
hydroelectricity
option for transportation or trade routes, but are important for ____________________.
• Eastern Europe: Large rivers and seas act as natural borders between countries and are important to economic activities in
Danube 1,777
the region. The ____________ is the second largest river in Europe at __________ mi, passing through nine countries and
emptying into the Black Sea.
Plains & Valleys
• Northwestern Europe: The Netherlands were in need of more
land to sustain a growing population which would result in the
Polders
reclaiming of land from the sea. ____________, the low‐lying
area from which seawater has been drained to create new land.
• fertile soil
Northwestern Europe: Filled with ____________ ________ and many rivers, the Great European Plain is an important area
for farming and consists of plains interrupted by mountains. The southern edge is especially fertile because it is covered by
Loess
deposits of __________, which is a fine, rich, wind‐borne soil left by glaciers.
• Eastern Europe: Located between the Alps and Carpathian Mountains lies the Great Hungarian Plains. Lowlands within this
karst
region have a ___________ topography, which is terrain dominated by limestone bedrock and rocky grounds, caves,
sinkholes, underground rivers, and the absence of surface streams and lakes.