COMPUTER

NETWORKING

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 INDEX
➢ What is Networking?
➢ Networking
➢ Advantages of Computer Network
➢ Disadvantages of Computer Network
➢ Classification of area by their geography
➢ Personal Area Network (PAN)
➢ Local Area Network (LAN)
➢ Wide Area Network (WAN)
➢ Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

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➢ Campus Area Network (CAN) 2/6/2020 2

➢ Distinguish between LAN, WAN, MAN

 WHATIS
NETWORKING?
Definition:
A computer network is defined as the interconnection of
two or more computers. It is done to enable the
computers to communicate and share available resources.

Application:
✓ Sharing of resources such as printers
✓ Sharing of expensive software's and database
✓Communication from one computer to another
computer
✓Exchange of data and information among users via
network
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✓Sharing of information over geographically wide

areas.
 COMPUTER NETWORKS HAVE OPENED UP
AN ENTIRE FRONTIER IN THE WORLD OF
COMPUTING CALLED THE CLIENT / SERVER
MODEL.

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✓ Increased speed
✓ Reduced cost
✓ Improved security
✓ Centralized software managements
✓ Electronic mail
✓ Flexible access

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 DISADVATAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

✓ High cost of installation

✓ Requires time for administration
✓ Failure of server
✓ Cable faults

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 CLASSIFICATION OF AREA BY
THEIR GEOGRAPHY

NETWORK

PAN LAN WAN MAN CAN

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 PERSONAL AREA NETWORK(PAN)
✓A personal area network is a computer network
organized around an individual person.

✓It generally consists of a mobile, a computer, a cell

phone or personal digital assistant. PAN enables the
communication among these devices.

✓It can also be used for communication among

personal devices themselves for connecting to a digital
level network and internet.
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✓The PANs can be constructed using wireless or
cables.
 PERSONAL AREA NETWORK(PAN)

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 LOCAL AREA NETWORK(LAN)
✓LAN is a network which is designed to operate over a
small physical area such as an office, factory or a group
of buildings.

✓ LAN’s are easy to design and troubleshoot.

✓Exchange of information and sharing of resources

becomes easy because of LAN.

✓ In LAN all machines are connected to a single cable.

✓Different types of topologies such as star, tree, bus,

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ring, etc Can be used.
 LOCAL AREA NETWORK(LAN)
✓ It is usually a privately owned network.

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 WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN)
✓When network spans over a large distance or when the
computers to be connected to each other are at widely
separated locations a local area network cannot be used. A
wide area network(WAN) is installed.

✓The communication between different users of WAN is

established using leased telephone lines, satellite links and
similar channels.

✓It is cheaper and more efficient to use the phone network

for the link.
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 WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN)
✓Most WAN networks are used to transfer large blocks of
data between its users.

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METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)

✓It is in between LAN & WAN technology that

covers the entire city.

✓ It uses similar technology as LAN.

✓It can be a single network such as cable TV

network, or a measure of connecting a number of
LAN’s or a large network so that resources can be
shared LAN to LAN as well as device to device.

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METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)

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 CAMPUS AREA NETWORK(CAN)
✓The campus area network is made up of an
interconnection of LAN with limited geographical
area.

✓Network equipments such as switches, routers

and the transmission media i.e. optical fibre etc
are almost entirely owned by the campus owner.

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 CAMPUS AREA NETWORK(CAN)

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 DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
LAN,WAN,MAN
PARAMETERS LAN WAN MAN
• PRIVATE PRIVATE OR PUBLIC
Ownership of
PRIVATE OR PUBLIC
network
Geographical area
covered • SMALL VERY LARGE
MODERATE
Design and
maintenance
• EASY NOT EASY
Communication NOT EASY Coaxial cables,
PSTN or satellite
Coaxial cable PSTN, optical fibre,
medium links
cables, wireless

Bandwidth Low High moderate

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Data rates(speed) High Low moderate

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