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HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. Its file extension is (.html or
.htm). HTML5 is the latest evolution of the standard that defines HTML. Its
initial release is in 1993. It consists of a series of codes used to structure texts,
images and other content to be displayed in a browser.
Elements, tags and attributes are basic concepts in HTML. HTML element is a
main structural unit of a web page. HTML tags are used to define HTML
elements, and attributes provide additional information about these elements.
HTML uses predefined tags and elements which tells the browser about content
display property. If a tag is not closed the browser applies that effect till end of
page.
Tag element
This language is used to annotate (make notes for the computer) text so that a
machine can understand it and manipulate text accordingly. Most of the markup
language (HTML) are human readable.
Features of HTML:
It is easy to learn and easy to use.
It is a platform independent.
Images, video and audio can be added to a web page.
Hypertext can be added to text.
It is a markup language.
Advantages of HTML:
HTML is free for all: One of the biggest advantages of HTML is that it
is free of cost, and there is no need to purchase specific software.
Everyone can learn HTML language. So you can easily optimize your
site.
HTML is simple to understand and use: HTML is simple to
understand and use; one does not need to have any prior knowledge of
any language. You needed to learn Basic English. All most all developer
is familiar with HTML. This language is for basic programmers.
HTML is easy to edit: HTML is a simple language to edit. It does not
need any platform. Html is written in simple Notepad and Notepad++,
etc.
HTML is supported by all browsers: The best advantage of HTML is it
supported all web browsers. It is supported by more browsers than any
other programming language. So there is no need to worry about the
website written in HTML. Also, it is easy to optimize using HTML.
HTML is basic of all programming languages: HTML is basic of all
programming languages for the programmers. You need to know basic
HTML knowledge. It is very easier than other programming languages
like JavaScript, Php, etc.
HTML is most search-friendly programming language: HTML is the
most friendly programming language of all programming languages that
are available in the market today. Html helps you to rank on Google’s
first page. It is easier for web crawlers to read and crawl using HTML. It
also reduced the page load time of your site.
Disadvantages of HTML:
Write a lot of code: Html is simple than other programming languages but
it has taken a lot of words to create a simple webpage.
Take a lot of time: Html is easy to write, but it has taken a lot of time to
write a webpage.
Difficult to found mistake: when you write a simple webpage, and it does
not open. It will be difficult o find out the problem.
Not Centralized: Html is not centralized it means all the pages must be
edited individually.
Complexity: If we need to write a long code for making a webpage then it
produces some complexity.
Other disadvantages are:-
Html can create only static and plain pages do if we need dynamic
pages then HTML is not useful.
Security features are not good at HTML.
It is not really flexible as other standards and technologies.
Very limited styling capabilities.
<HTML> Tag: - It is a tag used to start and end the HTML document.
Html tag is a container tag. This is the outermost style element, which
represents the document as a whole.
<HEAD> Tag: - Within the <html> tags there are two major areas,
controlled by <head> and <body> elements. The first of these <head> tag
is used for storing metadata for the document, such as the properties title
and other information that is not actually seen by the end user. It is also a
container tag.
<TITLE> Tag: - It is used to define the title of the webpage or HTML
document. The contents of this tag are displayed at the top of the web
browser. It is also a container tag.
<BODY> Tag: - The second major area within <html> tags is the main
<body> tag. They are the container that holds the various pieces of
content that the end user sees in the output. It is used to define the body
parts of the hypertext document. It is also a container tag. Under <body>
tag it contains certain sub-element tags like <b>, <u>, <pre>, <p>, <h1>,
<centre> tags etc which will help you to modify the webpage.
Example:-
Main part
Body part
In order to implement the colour in your web document, we will use bgcolour
attribute. It is used to set the background colour of an HTML element. It
specifies a colour for the HTML document to display.
SYNTAX:- <body bgcolour =”colour”> the colour value can either be a colour
name( like purple )or a hex value (like #af0000).
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Result:-
Now the background of the web page is in yellow using bgcolour attribute.
Q4. Design a web document in HTML to implement the scripts and
formatted text also.
SCRIPTS IN HTML
SUBSCRIPT SUPERSCRIPT
SUBSCRPIT: - The <sub> tag is used to add a subscript text to the HTML
document. Subscript text appears half a character is below the normal line and is
sometimes rendered in a smaller font. Subscript text can be used for chemical
formulas like H20.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
1. Then go to file menu> choose Save As.
2. Save the file with extension .html
3. Click Save.
4. Open the document and see the results:-
Result:-
Here, half a character is below the normal line and is sometimes rendered in a
smaller font due to <sub> tag.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
1. Then go to file menu> choose Save As.
2. Save the file with extension .html
3. Click Save.
4. Open the document and see the results:-
Result:-
Here, half a character is above the normal line and is sometimes rendered in a
smaller font due to <sup> tag.
Here under this question, 6 tags are used for formatting the text in web
document.
FORMATTING OF TEXT
TAG
BOLD: <b> tag is used to represents bold text in an HTML document. It is a
container tag </b>.
UNDERLINE: <u> tag in HTML stands for underline and it is used to
underline the text enclosed within the <u> tag. . It is a container tag </u>.
ITALIC: <i> tag is used to italicise the text. It opens with <i> and ends with
</i> tag.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
is dong
business
electronically </PRE></H4>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Result:-
As per the coding in notepad, the formatting of text appears the same. We have
used <b> tag for making the sentence bold, <u> tag for underlining the
sentence, <i> tag to make sentence in italics, <pre> tag to represents the text as
it was written in coding, <strong> tag to define important text and <em> tag to
emphasis the sentence.
Q2. Print paragraph that gives a description of E-commerce book which
include title of the book as well as Author information.
<CENTER> tag:- Anything inside this tag would be aligned with the middle of
the page.
Coding :-
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Result:-
Here, under this we have used certain tags like <H2> tag for making the
heading of the book, along with that we have used <CENTER> tag to put the
heading in the centre.
Likewise, we have used <H2> tag for making the heading of the Author name,
along with that we have used <CENTER> tag to put the heading in the centre.
Q5. Make a resume in HTML with objectives, professional education,
hobbies, extra curriculum activities and achievements etc.
<CENTER> tag:- Anything inside this tag would be in the middle of the page.
<UL> tag:- It is typically the bulleted list of items. . The list items in an
unordered list are marked with disc, square and circle.
<TH> tag:- The cells inside it are defined using the <th> (a header cell)
<TD> tag:- The cells inside it are defined using the <td> (a standard cell).
Coding :-
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<hr color="black">
<ul type="circle">
<li>To achieve a responsible place in a organization with my best abilities of
hard dedication and knowledge.</li>
</ul></P>
<ul type="circle">
</ul></P>
<TABLE BORDER="2">
<TR>
</TR>
<TR>
</TR>
<TR>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> 10 <SUP>TH</SUP></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P><B> ACHIEVEMNETS</B>:-</br>
<ul type="circle">
</ul></P>
<P><B> HOBBIES</B>:-</br>
<ul type="circle">
<li>Singing</li>
<li>Dancing</li>
<li>Cooking</li>
</ul></p>
</BODY>
</HTML>
1. Then go to file menu> choose Save As.
2. Save the file with extension .html
3. Click Save.
4. Open the document and see the results:-
Result:-
Here you can see the unordered list to make a list of items. We have used <tr>
tag to make table row and for proper heading we have used <th> tag and to
define the cell in a standard form we have used <td> tag.
Q6. How to insert an image in a webpage?
In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag. The <img > tag is empty; it
contains attributes only, and does not have a closing tag. The src attribute
specifies the URL (web address of the image).
We can different attributes in the image tag like:- height, width and border of
the image.
"height="400", border="10"/>.
PART1
PART 2
Here, in part 1 it defines the location and path of the image, in part 2 these are
the attributes of the image.
Coding :-
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Here the image is displayed in the webpage including all the attributes like
border, width and height. We have put a simpe image on a webpage, we have
used the <img> element. This is an empty element (meaning that it has no text
content or closing tag) here it requires a minimum of one attribute to be useful-
src (source or location or path of an image).
Q7. Design a webpage for a company details in which you can make use
of:- Marquee, Italics, center, paragraph and font tags and its attributes.
<i> tag:- <i> tag is used to italicise the text. It opens with <i> and ends with
</i> tag.
<CENTER> tag:- Anything inside this tag would be aligned with the middle of
the page.
<font> tag:- It is used to change the color, size and style of a text.
Coding :-
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</p></br>
</BODY>
</HTML>
1. Then go to file menu> choose Save As.
2. Save the file with extension .html
3. Click Save.
4. Open the document and see the results.
Result:-
Here, < marquee> tag is used in the name of the company:- Paytm as it scrolls
from horizontally, <i> tag is used to give the website of Paytm, <font> tag is
used with attributes color =blue, size=4 and face=calibri to define the words like
eligibility, communication policy and limitation of liability and damages.
Q8. Design a web document in HTML to implement the ordered and
unordered list.
Coding :-
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<OL TYPE="a">
</OL>
<OL TYPE="1">
</OL>
<OL TYPE="i">
</OL>
<BODY>
</HTML>
Result:-
In the 1 st list we have used <ol type= “a”>, 2nd list e have used <ol type= “1”>
and in the last list we have used <ol type= “i”>
UNORDERED LIST:- unordered list <ul> or bulleted list displays elements in
bulleted format. We can use this list where e do not need to display items in any
particular order. There are 4 types of unordered list:-
Disc
Circle
Square
None
Coding :-
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<UL TYPE="circle">
</UL>
<UL TYPE="disc">
</UL>
<UL TYPE="square">
</UL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Result:-
In the first list of sweets we have used <ul type= “circle”>, then <ul type=
“disc”> and in last <ul type= “square”>
Q9. Design a webpage using Nested list in Ordered List.
A nested list or a sub list is a list within a list. The trick to marking nested lists
up correctly in HTML is to recognize that the sub list is actually a child of a list
item and not of a list.
Coding :-
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<OL>
<LI> Fruits
<OL TYPE="A">
</OL>
</LI>
<LI> Vegetables
<OL TYPE="1">
</OL>
</LI>
<li> Meat</li>
</OL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Result:-
Here you can notice that the nested list is created under fruits and vegetables
which is in the form of a sublist of these mentioned above.
Q10. Design a web document in HTML to implement the Menu and
Directory list.
MENU LIST:- It also looks like unordered list but it should be rendered more
compact, not all browsers make this distinction and some render it without a
bullet. It is a container tag <menu>.......</menu>.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<menu>
</menu></br>
<dir>
</dir>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Result:-
Q11. Design a web document in HTML to create a table which contains the
record of 10 students.
<TH> tag:- The cells inside it are defined using the <th> (a header cell)
<TD> tag:- The cells inside it are defined using the <td> (a standard cell).
Coding :-
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<TABLE BORDER="2">
<TR>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> 1 </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> 2 </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> 3 </TD>
<TD> 8843510012</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> 4 </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> 5 </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> 6</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> 7 </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> 8 </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> 9</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD> 10 </TD>
<TD> sonia001@gmail.com</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Result:-