Fı́sica Nuclear

Tarea 7
Instructions. Solve each problem carefully and explain your procedure.

1. Partons
Consider deep inelastic scattering of muons with energy 600GeV off protons at rest. The data analysis is
to be carried out at Q2 = 4GeV 2 /c2
a) What is the smallest value of x which can be attained under these circumstances? You may assume
that the minimal scattering energy is E 0 = 0.
b) How many partons may be resolved with x > 0.3, x > 0.03 and in the full measurable range of x if we
parameterise the parton distribution as follows:
√
qv (x) = A(1 − x)3 / x for the valence quarks,
qs (x) = 0.4(1 − x)8 /x for the sea quarks and
g(x) = 4(1 − x)6 /x for the gluons.
The role of the normalisation constant, A, is to take into account that there are 3 valence quarks.

2. Electron-positron collisions
a) Electrons and positrons each with a beam energy E of 4GeV collide head on in a storage ring. What
production rate of µ+ µ− -pairs would you expect at a luminosity of 1032 cm−2 s−1 ? What production rate
for events with hadronic final states would you expect?
b) It is planned to construct two linear accelerators aimed at each other (a linear collider) from whose ends
electrons and positrons will collide head on with a centre of mass energy of 500GeV . How big must the
luminosity be if one wants to measure the hadronic cross-section within two hours with a 10% statistical
error?
3. γ resonance
Detailed measurements of the γ (1S) resonance, whose mass is roughly 9460M eV , are performed at the
CESR electron-positron storage ring.
a) Calculate the uncertainty in the beam energy E and the centre of mass energy W if the radius of
curvature of the storage ring is R = 100m. We have:
s
55 ~cme c2 4
δE = √ γ (1)
32 3 2R

What does this uncertainty in the energy tell us about the experimental measurement of the γ (Use the
information given in Part b)?
b) Integrate the Breit-Wigner formula across the region of energy where theR γ (1S) resonance is found. The
experimentally observed value of this integral for hadronic final states is σ(e+ e− → γ → hadrons)dW ≈
300nbM eV . The decay probabilities for γ → l+ l− (l = e, µ, τ ) are each around 2.5%. How large is the
total natural decay width of the γ? What cross-section would one expect at the resonance peak if there
was no uncertainty in the beam energy (and the resonance was not broadened by radiative corrections)?
4. Particle reactions
Show whether the following particle reactions and decays are possible or not. State which interaction is
concerned and sketch the quark composition of the hadrons involved.
p + p̄ → π + + π − + π 0 + π + + π −
p + K − → Σ+ + π − + π + + π − + π 0
p + π − → Λ0 + Σ¯0
ν¯µ + p → µ+ + n
νe + p → e+ + Λ0 + K 0
Σ0 → Λ0 + γ

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5. ∆0 decay
The ∆0 [udd] resonance decays mainly in pπ − with a width Γ ≈ 100M eV . Draw the Feynman diagram.
Estimate the ∆0 lifetime. Is there another possible decay channel?
6. Feynman diagrams
Draw the Feynman diagrams for the following decay and interaction processes:
(a) µ− → e− ν¯e νµ ;
(b) τ + → e+ νe ν¯τ ;
(c) νµ e− → νµ e− ;
(d) µ+ e− → ν¯µ νe ;
7. Strange and charmed particle decay
Draw the Feynman diagrams, specify the couplings and comment the following decays (in bracket, the
composition in terms of the valence quarks):
(a) Λ+ + 0
c [cud] → π Λ
¯ → π + K̄ 0
(b) D+ [cd]
(c) B + [b̄u] → π + D̄0
(d) B̄s0 [bs̄] → π − Ds+
(e) Λ0b [bud] → π − Λ+
c

8. Feynman diagrams and couplings

Draw the Feynman diagrams, specify the couplings and comment the following decays:
(a) Λ0 → pe− ν¯e ;
(b) Ξ− → Λ0 π − ;
(c) νµ p → µ− ∆++ ;
(d) D0 → K − µ+ νµ ;
(e) D0 → K + µ− ν¯µ .