Demonstr. Math.

2019; 52:511–522

Research Article Open Access

Alejandro Urieles*, María José Ortega, William Ramírez, and Samuel Vega

New results on the q-generalized Bernoulli

polynomials of level m
https://doi.org/10.1515/dema-2019-0039
Received April 9, 2019; accepted September 17, 2019

Abstract: This paper aims to show new algebraic properties from the q-generalized Bernoulli polynomials
B[m−1]
n (x; q) of level m, as well as some others identities which connect this polynomial class with the q-
generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m, as well as the q-gamma function, and the q-Stirling numbers
of the second kind and the q-Bernstein polynomials.

Keywords: q-generalized Bernoulli polynomials, q-gamma function, q-Stirling numbers, q-Bernstein poly-
nomials

MSC 2010: 33E12

1 Introduction

Fix a fixed m ∈ N, the generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m are defined by means of the following
generating function [1]
∞
z m e xz ∑︁ [m−1] zn
= B n (x) , |z| < 2π, (1.1)
e z − m−1
l
∑︀ z n!
l=0 l! n=0

where the generalized Bernoulli numbers of level m are defined by B[m−1]

n := B[m−1]
n (0), for all n > 0. We can
say that if m = 1 in (1.1), then we obtain the definition via a generating function, of the classical Bernoulli
polynomials B n (x) and classical Bernoulli numbers, respectively, i.e. B n (x) = B[0] [0]
n (x) and B n = B n , respec-
tively.

The q-analogue of the classical Bernoulli numbers and polynomials were initially investigated by Car-
litz [2]. More recently, J. Choi, T. Ernst, D. kim, S. Nalci, C.S. Ryoo [3–8] defined the q-Bernoulli polynomi-
als using different methods and studied their properties. There are numerous recent investigations on q-
generalizations of this subject by many others author; see [9–17]. More recently, Mahmudov et al. [18] used
the q-Mittag-Leffler function
zm
E1,m+1 (z; q) := , m ∈ N,
e zq − m−1 zh
∑︀
h=0 [h] ! q

to define the generalized q-Apostol Bernoulli numbers and q-Apostol Bernoulli polynomials in x, y of order
α and level m using the following generating functions, respectively
)︂α ∞
zm zn
(︂
B[m−1,α]
∑︁
z = n,q (λ) ,
λe q + T m−1,q (z) [n]q !
n=0

*Corresponding Author: Alejandro Urieles: Programa de Matemática Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla Colombia;
E-mail: alejandrourieles@email.uniatlantico.edu.co
María José Ortega, William Ramírez, Samuel Vega: Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Universidad de la Costa,
Barranquilla Colombia; E-mail: mortega22@cuc.edu.co, wramirez4@cuc.edu.co, svega@cuc.edu.co

Open Access. © 2019 Alejandro Urieles et al., published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution alone 4.0 License.
512 | Alejandro Urieles, María José Ortega, William Ramírez, and Samuel Vega

)︂α ∞
zm zn
(︂
yz
e xz B[m−1,α]
∑︁
z q Eq = n,q (x, y; λ) , (1.2)
λe q − T m−1,q (z) [n]q !
n=0
∑︀m−1 zl
where T m−1,q (z) = l=0 [l]q ! , α, λ, q ∈ C, m ∈ N and 0 < |q| < 1.

In the present work, we introduce some algebraic properties from the polynomials given in [18] when
α = 1 and λ = 1, called q-generalized Bernoulli B[m−1]
n (x; q) of level m, and to research some relations between
the q-generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m and q-gamma function, the q-Stirling numbers of the
second kind and the q-Bernstein polynomials.

The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 contains the basic backgrounds about the q-analogue of the
generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m, and some other auxiliary results which we will use through-
out the paper. In the Section 3, we introduce some relevant algebraic and differential properties of the q-
generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m. Finally, in Section 4, we show the corresponding relations be-
tween q-generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m and the q-gamma function, as well as the q-Stirling
numbers of the second of the kind and the q-Bernstein polynomials.

2 Previous definitions and notations

In this paper, we denote by N, N0 , R, R+ , and C the sets of natural, nonnegative integer, real, positive real and
complex numbers, respectively. The following q-standard definitions and properties can be found in [19–23].
The q-numbers and q-factorial numbers are defined respectively by

1 − qz qz − 1
[ z ]q = = , z ∈ C, q ∈ C∖{1}, q z ̸= 1,
1−q q−1
n
∏︁
[ n ]q ! = [k]q = [1]q [2]q [3]q . . . [n]q , [0]q ! = 1, n ∈ N.
k=1

The q-shifted factorial is defined as

n−1
(1 − q j a),
∏︁
(a; q)0 = 1, (a; q)n = n ∈ N,
j=o
∞
(1 − q j a),
∏︁
(a; q)∞ = a, q ∈ C; |q| < 1.
j=0

The q-binomial coefficient is defined by

[︃ ]︃
n [ n ]q ! (q; q)n
= = , (n, k ∈ N0 ; 0 6 k 6 n).
k [n − k]q ! [k]q ! (q; q)k (q; q)n−k
q

The q-analogue of the function (x + y)n is defined by

n
[︃ ]︃
n n 1
q 2 k(k−1) x n−k y k , n ∈ N0 ,
∑︁
(x + y)q :=
k
k=0 q
n n−1
[︃ ]︃
n n 1
q 2 k(k−1) (−1)k a k = (1 − q j a).
∑︁ ∏︁
(1 − a)q = (a; q)n =
k
k=0 q j=0
 New results on the q-generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m | 513

The q-derivative of a function f (z) is defined by

d q f (z) f (qz) − f (z)

D q f (z) = = , 0 < |q| < 1, 0 ̸= z ∈ C.
dq z (q − 1)z
The q-analogue of the exponential function is defined in two ways
∞ ∞
zn 1 1
e zq =
∑︁ ∏︁
= , 0 < |q| < 1, |z| < , (2.1)
[ n ]q ! (1 − (1 − q)q k z) |1 − q |
n=0 k=0
∞ 1 ∞
q 2 n(n−1) z n ∏︁
E zq (1 + (1 − q)q k z),
∑︁
= = 0 < |q| < 1, z ∈ C.
n=0
[ n ]q !
k=0

In this sense, we can see that

e zq · E−z
q = 1,

e zq · E w z+w
q = eq .

Therefore,
D q e zq = e zq , D q E zq = E qz
q .

Definition 2.1. For any t > 0

∫︁∞
Γ q (t) = x t−1 E−qx
q d q x,
0

is called the q-gamma function.

The Jackson’s q-gamma function is defined in [20, 24] as follows

(q; q)∞
Γ q (x) = (1 − q)1−x , 0 < |q| < 1,
(q x ; q)∞
replacing x by n + 1 we have

(q; q)∞
Γ q (n + 1) = (1 − q)−n = (q; q)n (1 − q)−n = [n]q !, n ∈ N.
(q n+1 ; q)∞
Furthermore, it satisfies the following relations

Γ q (1) = 1, Γ q (n) = [n − 1]q !, Γ q (x + 1) = [x]q Γ q (x).

Definition 2.2. [25] For α, β, 𝛾 ∈ C, Re(α) > 0, Re(β) > 0, Re(𝛾 ) > 0 and |q| < 1 the function E𝛾α,β (z; q) is
defined as
∞
(q𝛾 ; q)n zn
E𝛾α,β (z; q) =
∑︁
.
(q; q)n Γ q (αn + β)
n=0

Note that when 𝛾 = 1 the equation above is expressed as

∞
∑︁ zn
Eα,β (z; q) = . (2.2)
Γ q (αn + β)
n=0

From (2.2), setting α = 1 and β = m + 1, we can deduce that

m−1
(︃ )︃
∑︁ zh
e zq −
∞
zn
∞
zn
∞
1 ∑︁ z h [ h ]q !
h=0
∑︁ ∑︁
= = m = . (2.3)
Γ q (n + m + 1) [n + m]q ! z [h]q ! zm
n=0 n=0 h=m
514 | Alejandro Urieles, María José Ortega, William Ramírez, and Samuel Vega

The q-Stirling number of the first kind s(n, k)q and the q-Stirling number of the second kind S(n, k)q are the
coefficients in the expansions, (see [26, p.173])
n
s(n, k)q x k ,
∑︁
(x)n;q =
k=0
n
xn =
∑︁
S(n, k)q (x)k,q , (2.4)
k=0
where
k−1
∏︁
(x)k,q = (x − [n]q ).
n=0

Let C[0, 1] denote the set of continuous functions on [0, 1]. For any f ∈ C[0, 1], the q- Bn (f ; x) is called
the q-Bernstein operator of order n for f and is defined as (see [15, p.3 Eq. (28) ])
n n−r−1 n
[︃ ]︃
n
xr (1 − q s x) =
∑︁ ∏︁ ∑︁
Bn (f ; x) = fr f r b n,r (x),
r
r=0 q s=0 r=0

where f r = f ([r]q /[n]q ). The q-Bernstein polynomials of degree n or a q-Bernstein basis are defined by
n−r−1
[︃ ]︃
n
xr (1 − q s x).
∏︁
b n,r (x) =
r
q s=0

n−j
∑︁
We know that b n−j,k (x) = 1, and so
k=0
n−j n−j−k−1
[︃ ]︃
j n−j
x j+k (1 − q t x).
∑︁ ∏︁
x =
k
k=0 q t=0

By using the identity [︀n]︀ [︀k]︀

[︃ ]︃
n−j k q j q
= [︀n]︀ ,
k−j j q
q

we have [︀k]︀
n
j
j
[︀n]︀q b n,k (x).
∑︁
x = (2.5)
k=j j q

Otherwise, setting α = λ = 1 in the equation (1.2), we have the following definition:

Definition 2.3. Let m ∈ N, q, z ∈ C, 0 < |q| < 1. The q-generalized Bernoulli polynomials B[m−1] n (x; q) of level
m are defined in a suitable neighborhood of z = 0 by means of the generating function
⎛ ⎞
m ∞
z xz yz zn
B[m−1]
∑︁
⎝
m−1 l
⎠ e E
q q = n (x + y; q) , |z| < 2π, (2.6)
e zq − z [ n ]q !
∑︀
l=0 [l]q ! n=0

where the q-generalized Bernoulli numbers of level m are defined by

B[m−1]
n (q) := B[m−1]
n (0; q).

Furthermore,

B[m−1]
n (x, y; q) := B[m−1]
n (x + y; q),
B[m−1]
n (x, 0; q) := B[m−1]
n (x; q),
B[m−1]
n (0, y; q) := B[m−1]
n (y; q).
 New results on the q-generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m | 515

The first three q-generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m (cf. [18, p.7]) are

B[m−1]
0 (x; q) = [m]q !,
(︂ )︂
1
B1[m−1] (x; q) = [m]q ! x − ,
[m + 1]q
[2]q q m+1
(︂ )︂
[2]q x
B2[m−1] (x; q) = [m]q ! x2 − + .
[m + 1]q [m + 2]q [m + 1]2q

Also, the first three q-generalized Bernoulli numbers of level m are

B0[m−1] (q) = [m]q !,

[m]q !
B1[m−1] (q) = − ,
[m + 1]q
[2]q [m]q !q m+1
B2[m−1] (q) = .
[m + 2]q [m + 1]2q

Definition 2.4. [14] Let q, α ∈ C, 0 < |q| < 1. The q-Bernoulli polynomials in x, y of order α are defined by
means of the generating function
)︂α ∞
zn
(︂
z yz
e xz B(α)
∑︁
q Eq = n (x, y; q) , |z| < 2π, (2.7)
e zq − 1 [ n ]q !
n=0

where the q-Bernoulli numbers of order α are defined by

B(α) (α)
n (q) := B n (0, 0; q).

Furthermore
B(α) (α)
n (x, q) := B n (x, 0; q),

B(α) (α)
n (y, q) := B n (0, y; q).

3 Properties of the q–generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m

In this section, we show some properties of the q-generalized Bernoulli polynomials B[m−1]
n (x; q) of level m.
We demonstrated the facts for one of them. Obviously, by applying a similar technique, other ones can be
determined. The following proposition summarizes some properties of the polynomials B[m−1]
n (x; q). We will
only show in details the proofs to (2), (5) and (7).
{︁ }︁∞
Proposition 3.1. Let a fixed m ∈ N, n, k ∈ N0 and q ∈ C, 0 < |q| < 1. Let B[m−1]
n (x; q) be the sequence
n=0
of q-generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m. Then the following statements hold.
1. Summation formula. For every n > 0
n
[︃ ]︃
n
B[m−1] (q)x n−k .
∑︁
n (x; q) = B[m−1]
k
(3.1)
k
k=0 q

2. For n > 1
n
[︃ ]︃
∑︁ n+m
B[m−1]
k
(q) = 0.
k
k=0 q
516 | Alejandro Urieles, María José Ortega, William Ramírez, and Samuel Vega

3. Addition formulas
n
[︃ ]︃
n 1
B[m−1] q 2 (n−k)(n−k−1) B[m−1] (x; q)y n−k ,
∑︁
n (x + y; q) = k
(3.2)
k
k=0 q
n
[︃ ]︃
n 1
B[m−1] q 2 (n−k)(n−k−1) B[m−1] (y; q)x n−k ,
∑︁
n (x + y; q) = k
(3.3)
k
k=0 q
n
[︃ ]︃
∑︁ n
B[m−1]
n (x + y; q) = B[m−1]
k
(q)(x + y)n−k
q ,
k
k=0 q
n
[︃ ]︃
n
[m−1]
(y; q)x n−k .
∑︁
Bn (x + y; q) = B[m−1]
k
k
k=0 q

4. Inversion formulas
n
[︃ ]︃
n
∑︁ n [ k ]q !
x = B[m−1] (x; q), (3.4)
k [k + m]q ! n−k
k=0 q
n
[︃ ]︃
n n
[ ]q ! ∑︁ n+m
y = 1 B[m−1]
k
(y; q), (3.5)
q 2 n(n−1) [n + m] ! k
q k=0 q
n
[n]q !B[m−1] (x; q)
xn =
∑︁
k
. (3.6)
[k]q !Γ q (n − k + m + 1)
k=0

5. Difference equations
n−1
[︃ ]︃
n−1
B[m−1] B[m−1] B[m−1] (y, q)B(−1)
∑︁
n (1 + y; q) − n (y; q) = [n]q k n−1−k (q).
k
k=0 q

6. Differential relations. For m ∈ N and n, j ∈ N0 , where 0 6 j 6 n, we have

D q B[m−1] [m−1]
n+1 (x; q) = [ n + 1]q B n (x; q), (3.7)
[n]q ! [m−1]
D(j)
q Bn
[m−1]
(x; q) = B (x; q).
[n − j]q ! n−j
7. Integral formulas
∫︁x1
B[m−1] [m−1]
n+1 (x 1 ; q) − B n+1 (x 0 ; q)
B[m−1]
n (x; q)d q x = , n ∈ N0 , (3.8)
[n + 1]q
x0
∫︁x
B[m−1]
n (x; q) = [n]q B[m−1] [m−1]
n−1 (x; q)d q x + B n (q), n ∈ N,
0
∫︁x1 n
[︃ ]︃ (︃ )︃
n x1n+1−k − x0n+1−k
B[m−1] [m−1]
∑︁
n (x; q)d q x = Bk (q) .
k [n + 1 − k]q
x0 k=0 q

Proof. To prove(2), we start with (2.1) and (2.6), from which it follows that
(︃ ∞ )︃ (︃ ∞ )︃ (︃ ∞ )︃ ⎛ ∞ ⎞
n h n j+m
z z z z
zm =
∑︁
B[m−1]
∑︁ ∑︁
B[m−1]
∑︁
n (q) = n (q) ⎝ ⎠,
[ n ]q ! [ h ]q ! [ n ]q ! [ j + m ]q !
n=0 h=m n=0 j=0

and therefore
(︃ ∞ )︃ ⎛ ∞
⎞
n j
∑︁ z z
B[m−1]
∑︁
1= n (q) ⎝ ⎠
n=0
[ n ]q ! [ j + m ]q !
j=0
 New results on the q-generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m | 517

n
∞ ∑︁
∑︁ B[m−1]
k
(q) zn
= ·
n=0
[ k ]q ! [ n − k + m ]q !
k=0
n
∞ ∑︁
B[m−1]
0 (q) ∑︁ B[m−1]
k
(q) zn
= + · .
[ m ]q ! n=1
[ k ]q ! [ n − k + m ]q !
k=0

zn
By comparing coefficients of , we have
[n]q !

B[m−1] (q)
1= 0
⇒ B[m−1]
0 (q) = [m]q !
[ m ]q !

and
n
∑︁ B[m−1]
k
(q)
= 0.
[ k ]q ! [ n − k + m ]q !
k=0

By multiplying [n + m]q ! on both sides of the equation above, we have

n
B[m−1] n
[︃ ]︃
∑︁ (q) [n + m]q ! ∑︁ n+m
k
=0 ⇒ B[m−1]
k
(q) = 0.
[ k ]q ! [ n − k + m ]q ! k
k=0 k=0 q

Proof. Proof of (5) considering the expression B[m−1]n (1+y; q)−B[m−1] n (y; q) and using the generating functions
(2.6) and (2.7), we have
⎛ ⎞
∞ n ∞ n m
z z z yz z
B[m−1] B[m−1]
∑︁ ∑︁
I := n (1 + y; q) − n (y; q) =⎝ ∑︀m−1 z l ⎠ E q (e q − 1)
[n]q ! [n]q ! e z −
q
n=0 n=0 l=0 [l] ! q
∞ n ∞ n
z z
B[m−1] B(−1)
∑︁ ∑︁
=z n (y; q) n (q) .
[n]q ! [n]q !
n=0 n=0

Therefore
∞ ∞
z n ∑︁ (−1) zn
B[m−1]
∑︁
I= n (y; q) B n−1 (q)
[n]q ! [n − 1]q !
n=0 n=1
n−1
∞ ∑︁
z k (−1) z n−k
B[m−1]
∑︁
= k B n−1−k (q)
(y; q)
[k]q ! [n − 1 − k]q !
n=1 k=0
∞ n−1
[︃ ]︃
n−1 zn
B[m−1] (y; q)B(−1)
∑︁ ∑︁
= [n]q k n−1−k (q)
k [n]q !
n=1 k=0 q
∞ n−1
[︃ ]︃
n−1 zn
B[m−1] (y; q)B(−1)
∑︁ ∑︁
= [n]q k n−1−k (q) [n] ! .
k q
n=0 k=0 q

zn
By comparing coefficients of on both sides we obtain the result.
[n]q !
Proof. Proof of (7), from (3.7)
1
B[m−1]
n (x; q) = D q B[m−1]
n+1 (x; q).
[n + 1]q
Now, by integrating on both sides of the equation above, we get
∫︁x1 ∫︁x1
1
B[m−1]
n (x; q)d q x = D q B[m−1]
n+1 (x; q)d q x
[n + 1]q
x0 x0
518 | Alejandro Urieles, María José Ortega, William Ramírez, and Samuel Vega

⃒x1
1
= B[m−1] (x; q)
⃒
[n + 1]q n+1
⃒
x0

B[m−1] [m−1]
n+1 (x 1 ; q) − B n+1 (x 0 ; q)
= .
[n + 1]q

Setting x0 = 0 and x1 = x in (3.8), we have

∫︁x
B[m−1] [m−1]
n+1 (x; q) − B n+1 (q)
B[m−1]
n (x; q)d q x = ,
[n + 1]q
0

and so
∫︁x
B[m−1] (x; q) − B[m−1] (q)
B[m−1]
n−1 (x; q)d q x =
n n
.
[n]q
0

Finally, we get
∫︁x
B[m−1]
n (x; q) = [n]q B[m−1] [m−1]
n−1 (x; q)d q x + B n (q).
0

4 Some connection formulas for the polynomials

B[nm−1] (x + y; q)
From identities (2.4), (2.5) and Proposition 3.1 we can deduce some interesting algebraic relations between
the q-generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m with the q-gamma function, the q-Stirling numbers of the
second kind and the q-Bernstein polynomials.

Proposition 4.1. For n, j, k ∈ N0 , q ∈ C where 0 < |q| < 1 and where m ∈ N, the q-generalized Bernoulli
polynomials of level m are related with the q-gamma function by the means of the following identity

n ∑︁
n−k [m−1] 1
Bk (x; q) q 2 (n−j)(n−j−1)
B[m−1] B[m−1] (y; q).
∑︁
n (x + y; q) = [n]q ! (4.1)
[k]q ! [j]q !Γ q (n − j − k + m + 1) j
k=0 j=0

Proof. By substituting (3.6) in (3.3), we have

n n−j
[︃ ]︃
n 1 [n − j]q !B[m−1] (x; q)
B[m−1] q 2 (n−j)(n−j−1) B[m−1]
∑︁ ∑︁
k
n (x + y; q) = j (y; q)
j [k]q !Γ q (n − j − k + m + 1)
j=0 q k=0
n ∑︁
n−k
B[m−1]
1
(x; q) 2 (n−j)(n−j−1)
[n]q !q
B[m−1] (y; q)
∑︁
k
=
[k]q ! [j]q !Γ q (n − j − k + m + 1) j
k=0 j=0
n ∑︁
n−k [m−1] 1
Bk (x; q) q 2 (n−j)(n−j−1)
B[m−1] (y; q).
∑︁
= [n]q !
[k]q ! [j]q !Γ q (n − j − k + m + 1) j
k=0 j=0

Corollary 4.1. For n, j, k ∈ N0 and m ∈ N, we have

n ∑︁
n−k B[m−1]
j (q)B[m−1]
k
(x; q)
B[m−1]
∑︁
n (x; q) = [n]q ! . (4.2)
[k]q ![j]q !Γ q (n − j − k + m + 1)
k=0 j=0
 New results on the q-generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m | 519

Proof. By replacing equation (3.6) in (3.1), we obtain

n n−j
[︃ ]︃
[m−1]
∑︁ n [n − j]q !B[m−1] (x; q)
B[m−1]
∑︁
k
Bn (x; q) = j (q)
j [k]q !Γ q (n − j − k + m + 1)
j=0 q k=0
n ∑︁
∑︁ n−k
B[m−1]
k
(x; q) [n]q !B[m−1]
j (q)
=
[k]q ! [j]q !Γ q (n − j − k + m + 1)
k=0 j=0
n ∑︁
∑︁ n−k B[m−1]
j (q)B[m−1]
k
(x; q)
= [n]q ! .
[k]q ![j]q !Γ q (n − j − k + m + 1)
k=0 j=0

Corollary 4.2. For n, j, k ∈ N0 and m ∈ N, we have

n−k [n] !B [m−1] (q)B [m−1] (x; q)
n ∑︁
q j n−j−k
B[m−1]
∑︁
n (x; q) = . (4.3)
[k + m]q ![n − j − k]q ![j]q !
k=0 j=0

Proof. By substituting (3.4) in equation (3.1), we obtain

n n−j
[︃ ]︃ [︃ ]︃
n [m−1] n−j [k]q !
[m−1]
B[m−1] (x; q)
∑︁ ∑︁
Bn (x; q) = Bj (q)
j k [k + m]q ! n−j−k
j=0 q k=0 q
n n−k
[︃ ]︃ [︃ ]︃
∑︁ ∑︁ [k]q ! n n−j
= B[m−1]
j (q)B[m−1]
n−j−k (x; q)
[k + m]q ! j k
k=0 j=0 q q
n ∑︁
∑︁ n−k [n]q !B[m−1]
j (q)B[m−1]
n−j−k
(x; q)
= .
[k + m]q ![n − j − k]q ![j]q !
k=0 j=0

Corollary 4.3. For n, j, k ∈ N0 and m ∈ N

n−j
n ∑︁ B[m−1]
j (x; q)B[m−1]
k
(y; q)
B[m−1]
∑︁
n (x + y; q) = [n]q ! . (4.4)
[j]q ![n − j + m − k]q ![k]q !
j=0 k=0

Proof. By substituting the equation (3.5) in (3.2), we obtain

n n−j
[︃ ]︃ [︃ ]︃
n 1
(n−j)(n−j−1) [m−1] [n − j]q ! n−j+m
[m−1]
B[m−1]
∑︁ ∑︁
Bn (x + y; q) = q 2 Bj (x; q) 1 k (y; q)
j q 2 (n−j)(n−j−1) [n − j + m]q ! k=0 k
j=0 q q
n ∑︁n−j
[︃ ]︃ [︃ ]︃
n [n − j]q ! n−j+m
(x; q)B[m−1]
∑︁
= B[m−1]
j k (y; q)
j [n − j + m]q ! k
j=0 k=0 q q

∑︁ n−j
n ∑︁ B[m−1]
j (x; q)B[m−1]
k
(y; q)
= [n]q ! .
[j]q ![n − j + m − k]q ![k]q !
j=0 k=0

Proposition 4.2. For n, j, k ∈ N0 , q ∈ C where 0 < |q| < 1 and where m ∈ N, the q-generalized Bernoulli
polynomials of level m are related with the q-Stirling numbers of the second kind S(n, k; q) by means of the
following identities
n ∑︁
n−k
[︃ ]︃
n 1
[m−1]
q 2 (n−j)(n−j−1) B[m−1]
∑︁
Bn (x + y; q) = j (y; q)S(n − j, k; q)(x)q;j , (4.5)
j
k=0 j=0 q
n ∑︁j
[︃ ]︃
[m−1]
∑︁ n
Bn (x; q) = B[m−1]
n−j (q)S(j, k; q)(x)q;k . (4.6)
j
j=0 k=0 q
520 | Alejandro Urieles, María José Ortega, William Ramírez, and Samuel Vega

Proof. Proof of (4.5) by replacing (2.4) in (3.3), we have

n n−j
[︃ ]︃
n 1
B[m−1] q 2 (n−j)(n−j−1) B[m−1]
∑︁ ∑︁
n (x + y; q) = j (y; q) S(n − j, k; q)(x)q;k
j
j=0 q k=0
n ∑︁
n−k
[︃ ]︃
n 1
q 2 (n−j)(n−j−1) B[m−1]
∑︁
= j (y; q)S(n − j, k; q)(x)q;k .
j
k=0 j=0 q

Proof. Proof of (4.6) by substituting (2.4) in (3.1), we have

n j
[︃ ]︃
n
B[m−1]
∑︁
B[m−1]
∑︁
n (x; q) = n−j (q) S(j, k; q)(x)q;k
j
j=0 q k=0
n ∑︁ j
[︃ ]︃
∑︁ n
= B[m−1]
n−j (q)S(j, k; q)(x)q;k .
j
j=0 k=0 q

Corollary 4.4. For n, k ∈ N0 and m ∈ N, we obtain

n n
[︃ ]︃
∑︁ ∑︁ n [ k ]q !
S(n, k)q (x)k,q = B[m−1] (x; q).
k [k + m]q ! n−k
k=0 k=0 q

Proposition 4.3. For n, j, k ∈ N0 ,q ∈ C where 0 < |q| < 1 and where m ∈ N the q-generalized Bernoulli poly-
nomials of level m are related with the q-Bernstein polynomials b n,k (x; q) by means of the following identities

n−j
n ∑︁
[︃ ]︃
k+j
B[m−1] B[m−1]
∑︁
n (x, q)
= n−j (q)b n,k+j (x; q), (4.7)
j
j=0 k=0 q
n−j
n ∑︁
[︃ ]︃
k+j 1
[m−1]
q 2 (j)(j−1) B[m−1]
∑︁
Bn (x + y; q) = n−j (y; q)b n,k+j (x; q). (4.8)
j
j=0 k=0 q

Proof. Proof of (4.7) by replacing (2.5) in (3.1), we have

[︀k]︀
n n
[︃ ]︃
n j
B[m−1] B[m−1] [︀n]︀q b n,k (x; q)
∑︁ ∑︁
n (x, q) = n−j (q)
j
j=0 q k=j j q
n n
[︃ ]︃
∑︁ ∑︁ [m−1] k
= B n−j (q) b n,k (x; q)
j
j=0 k=j q
n−j
n ∑︁
[︃ ]︃
k+j
B[m−1]
∑︁
= n−j (q)b n,k+j (x; q).
j
j=0 k=0 q

Proof. Proof of (4.8) by replacing (2.5) in Equation (3.3), we obtain

[︀k]︀
n n
[︃ ]︃
n 1 j
B[m−1] (j)(j−1)
[︀n]︀q b n,k (x; q)
∑︁ [m−1]
∑︁
n (x + y; q) = q2 B n−j (y; q)
j
j=0 q k=j j q
n n
[︃ ]︃
∑︁ ∑︁ k 1
= q 2 (j)(j−1) B[m−1]
n−j (y; q)b n,k (x; q)
j
j=0 k=j q
n−j
n ∑︁
[︃ ]︃
k+j 1
q 2 (j)(j−1) B[m−1]
∑︁
= n−j (y; q)b n,k+j (x; q).
j
j=0 k=0 q
 New results on the q-generalized Bernoulli polynomials of level m | 521

Corollary 4.5. For n, j ∈ N0 and x ∈ [0, 1], we have

[︀k]︀
n j
[︃ ]︃
∑︁ j q ∑︁ j [ k ]q !
[︀n]︀ b n,k (x; q) = B[m−1]
j−k
(x; q).
j
k [ k + m ] q !
k=j q k=0 q

Proposition 4.4. For n, j, k ∈ N0 and n > j > k > 0, we have

n−k
[︃ ]︃ [︃ ]︃ [m−1]
k
∑︁ n−j n [j]q !B n−k−j (1 − x; q)
b n,k (x; q) = x , (4.9)
k j Γ q (j + m + 1)
j=0 q q
n−k
[︃ ]︃ [︃ ]︃ [m−1]
k
∑︁ n−j n [j]q !B n−k−j (1 − x; q)
b n,k (x; q) = x . (4.10)
k j [j + m]q !
j=0 q q

Proof. To prove (4.9), we used the following equality [14, Theorem 19, p. 10]
∞
x k z k z −xz ∑︁ zn
eq Eq = b n,k (x; q) .
[k]q ! [n]q !
n=k

We see that (︃ m−1

)︃
∑︁ zh
e zq −
x k z k z −xz x k z k [ h ]q ! zm
h=0
eq Eq = )︃ e zq E−xz
q .
[k]q ! [k]q ! zm m−1
(︃
h
∑︁ z
e zq −
[ h ]q !
h=0

Next, by using the equations (2.3) and (2.6), we get

∞ ∞
x k z k z −xz x k z k ∑︁ zn ∑︁ [m−1] zj
eq Eq = Bj (1 − x; q)
[k]q ! [k]q ! Γ q (n + m + 1) [j]q !
n=0 j=0
n
∞ ∑︁
xk zk zj z n−j
B[m−1]
∑︁
= n−j (1 − x; q)
[k]q ! Γ q (j + m + 1) [n − j]q !
n=0 j=0
n−k
∞ ∑︁ [m−1]
∑︁ x k B n−k−j (1 − x; q) zn
=
[k]q ! Γ q (j + m + 1) [n − k − j]q !
n=k j=0
∞ n−k
[︃ ]︃ [︃ ]︃ [m−1]
∑︁ k
∑︁ n−j n [j]q !B n−k−j (1 − x; q) z n
= x .
k j Γ q (j + m + 1) [n]q !
n=k j=0 q q

zn
By comparing coefficients of on both sides we obtain
[n]q !

n−k
[︃ ]︃ [︃ ]︃ [m−1]
∑︁k n−j n [j]q !B n−k−j (1 − x; q)
b n,k (x; q) = x .
k j Γ q (j + m + 1)
j=0 q q

To demostrate (4.10) we used the identity Γ q (j + m + 1) = [j + m]q ! and Equation (4.9). Continuing this process,
we get
n−k
[︃ ]︃ [︃ ]︃ [m−1]
k
∑︁ n−j n [j]q !B n−k−j (1 − x; q)
b n,k (x; q) = x .
k j [j + m]q !
j=0 q q
522 | Alejandro Urieles, María José Ortega, William Ramírez, and Samuel Vega

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