Marker Assisted Selection

Rifani Rusiana Dewi/185040201111022/E

Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) is a selection method that refers to the use of DNA
markers that are linked to the target locus, as a tool to predict and assist in the selection of
phenotypes of traits that are targeted for breeding. DNA can accurately detect the existence of
a phenotype. Marker assisted selection will selecting individuals based on their marker pattern
(genotype) rather than their observable traits (phenotype). The term marker assisted selection
was first used by Beckmann and Soller in 1986. Criteria for genetic markers include markers
must be able to distinguish between the two elders and markers traits are inherited equally and
accurately from the elders to their offspring. There are 2 types of Markings, namely dominant
markers and co-dominant markers. Dominant markers that can indicate the target locus, but can
not distinguish homozygous with heterozygous. While Co-dominant markers can indicate
homozygous target loci or heterozygous target loci

MAS uses genetic information to determine the next stage of crossing. The advantage
of MAS is that it can determine broodstock that do not morphologically express the observed
nature. The advantage of MAS is that it does not treat the planting / maintenance of all of the
puppies to see their nature, but it is sufficient to maintain the character. The level of confidence
of a marker to predict the desired trait depends on the type used whether it is near a gene
(flanking marker) or in a gene sequence (intragenic marker). The molecular markers must be as
close as possible or be loci of the desired trait. Molecular markers should be less than 5cM away
from the gene locus. Markers that are close to the desired gene locus will minimize the crossing
over which causes the markers to separate from the locus. Formation of a strain using the MAS
method is very useful if the selected trait is a Quantitative Traits Loci (QTL). The QTL trait is
a character whose expression is regulated by many genes and each gene has an effect on the
level of expression of that trait as in traits related to growth and production. Proper gene
accumulation will provide a good phenotype

Major MAS methods include the following

1. Marker assisted introgression or marker assisted back cross

where one gene from a donor line is introgressed into the genetic backgroud of a
recipient parent by repeated back crossing to the recipient parent. Markers are used
either to control the presence of the target gene or to accelerate the return of background
genome to recipient type
 2. Population screening
The simple screening of populations for genotypes of interest based on markers
3. Gene pyramiding scheme
Where two (or more) parent line each hosting one or more genees of interest, are
crossed, then the offspring population is screened for individuals carrying both genes of
interest. The process can be iterated further to combine more genes. More complex
methods are
4. Marker based recurrent selection

Several generations of selection on markers with random mating

5. Selection on an index combininng molecular and phenotypic score.

Boopathi, Manikanda. 2013. Genetic and Marker Assisted Selection Basics Practice and
Benefits. London : Springer

Ilham, Ayudha dan Daryono, Budi. 2019. Karakterisasi dan Keragaman Genetik. Yogyakarta :
Gadjah Mada University Press