Philosophy – Reviewer for Final Exam

Lesson 5: Freedom of the Human Person

 Freedom is an intrinsic and essential property of the human person.

 Freedom is rooted in the human person’s self-determination and the exercise of intellect and
free will.

 Physical freedom refers to the absence of any physical restraints.

 Also called “freedom of choice”, psychological freedom is where the human person is free to
perform actions that he/she considers right and wise.

 Moral freedom refers to using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and goodness.

 Voluntariness refers to the ability of a person to act out his or her own free will and self-
determination.

 Responsibility refers to the human person being accountable for his/her actions and their
consequences.

 Freedom is experienced through the act of making choices.

 Freedom should be exercised with control and a recognition of reasonable limits.

 Freedom should also be exercised with regard for knowledge and truth.

Lesson 6: Intersubjectivity

 The notion of recognizing the self in the other is how philosophers define interpersonal
relations.

 Intersubjectivity is the mutual recognition of each other as persons.

 Intersubjectivity also carried the meaning of “a unique relationship between distinct subjects”.

 The awareness of the existence of the other is lower and simpler of the two levels of self-other
interaction.

 Seeming is where an individual presents himself or herself in a certain way when dealing with
others.

 Dialogue characterizes genuine human interaction.

 Empathy is the ability to share emotions. It is an important aspect of intersubjectivity.

 Availability is a characteristic of meaningful and genuine human relationships. This is the

willingness of a person to be present and be at the disposal of another.

Lesson 7: The Human Person in Society

 A society is an organized group of people whose members interact frequently and have a
common territory and culture.

 The hunting and gathering society is the earliest and simplest form of society.

 The pastoral society is characterized by the domestication of animals for food for a more stable
and predictable food supply.

 The feudal society arose out of the developments in Western Europe during Medieval times
when rival kingdoms were engaged in conflict over resources, particularly land.

 The industrial society is based on the use of specialized machinery in the production of goods
and services.

Philosophy – Reviewer for Final Exam

V1.0 (8 October 2018) mvdizon08@gmail.com
 Philosophy – Reviewer for Final Exam

 The post-industrial society is knowledge-based, and is characterized by information and the

sale f services.

 The virtual society is where people organize themselves through communication technology and
the Internet.

 Norms are a set of traits and behaviors that society considers acceptable and are thus passed on
to other members.

 Folkways are less formal norms that arise from tradition, and do not result in punishment what
violated.

 A social system is an organized or patterned set of relationships among individuals and groups
that compose a society.

 Social institutions are certain groups that perform vital functions within societies.

 Social values are actions or ideals that are considered important by society.

Lesson 7: Human Persons as Oriented Towards Their Impending Death

 A noble good is pursued for its own sake, it is good in itself.

 A useful good is considered good so long as it serves as a means to an end.

 Discomfort, hunger, distress, and pain are examples of physical pain.

 Mental suffering involves emotional and mental states such as depression, anxiety, fear,
loneliness, and grief.

Philosophy – Reviewer for Final Exam

V1.0 (8 October 2018) mvdizon08@gmail.com