Push Over Analysis PDF

Gen Training Series Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004
Pushover Analysis of steel structure

as per EC8:2004
DL SD NC
Program Version Gen 2015 (v 1.1)

Revision Date 5 Nov 2014
MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Overview Optimal Design Procedure
Pushover analysis is one of the performance-based design The pushover analysis procedure is as follows:
methods, recently attracting practicing structural engineers
engaged in the field of seismic design. The objective of a
performance-based design is achieved after the owner and the  Modeling & Design
designer collectively select a target performance for the - Details of Building
structure in question. The engineer carries out the conventional - Perform analysis
design and subsequently performs a pushover (elasto-plastic) - Perform steel code checking
analysis to evaluate if the selected performance objective has

been met.  Pushover Analysis
- Pushover Global Control
In midas Gen V741, pushover analysis as per EN1998:2004 - Pushover Load Cases
is newly added, and analysis performance and usability are - Define Hinge Properties
significantly improved. This tutorial explains the method and - Assign Hinge Properties
procedure for pushover analysis of 3-dimensional Steel - Perform Pushover Analysis
structures as per EN1998:2004. For this reason, the procedure - Pushover Curve
for modeling and analysis were not explained in detail. For the - Pushover Hinge Status Results
users who are not familiar with the basic functions for modeling - Safety Verification Table
and analysis, it is recommended to review “Application 1”
tutorial before following this tutorial.
2 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Details of the example structure
Section Name Section ID Section DB Section Size
C1 1 UNI HEA240
C2 2 UNI HEA300
G1 21 UNI HEA280
G2 22 UNI IPE240
Brace1 31 UNI HEA160
Brace2 32 UNI HEA120
Figure 1. Three-dimensional structural model
1 2 3
3,000
BR1
10,000
2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
BR
G2
B
C2 C1 G2 C2
3,000
9,000
BR1
6,000
G1
G1
G1
3,000
BR2
G2 G2
A
BR C1 C2
C2
Figure 2. Structural plan Figure 3. Elevation

 Applied Design Code
•Eurocode3:2005
 Materials
•Column: S235
•Beam: S235
•Brace: S235
 Applied Loads
Gravity loads Unit Load Cases

•Dead load: 4.9kN/m2
•Live load : 2.5kN/m2
Load Name Details
Static Wind Loads

•Applied code: Eurocode1:2005 1 DL Dead Load
•Terrain Category : II
• Fundamental Basic Wind Velocity (Vb,o): 26m/s 2 LL Live Load
Wind Load
Static Seismic Loads Static 3 WX
(X-direction in the global coordinates)
•Applied code: Eurocode8:2004 Load
Cases Wind Load
•Ground Type: B 4 XY
(Y-direction in the global coordinates)
•Design Ground Acceleration: 0.08g Seismic Load
5 EX
•Behavior Factor (q): 1.5 (X-direction in the global coordinates)
•Lower Bound Factor (b): 0.2 Seismic Load
6 EY
•Importance Factor (I) : 1 (Y-direction in the global coordinates)

Step 1. Open the model file and perform analysis
1. Open “Steel pushover analysis_start.mgb” Pushover analysis is carried out in the post-processing mode
2. Select Works tab in the Tree Menu. after completing elastic analysis.
3. Check the entered section data and boundary condition in
Properties and Boundaries.
4. In the tree menu, select Static Loads>Static Load Case 1
and then right click Floor Loads:3. 7
5. In the context Menu, select Display and then check the 2
applied loads.
6. By this way, check the applied seismic loads and wind
loads.
7. Click icon to perform analysis.

Step 2: Check Steel Design Code
1. Design > Design > Steel Design > Design Code Design Code specified in the Steel Design Code dialog is
2. Specify the code as ‘Eurocode3:05’. applied to calculate the capacity of members in pushover
3. Check [OK] button.
analysis.

Step 3: Steel Code Checking

Rotation capacity at the end of steel beams
or columns depends on the class of cross
1. Design > Design > Steel Design > Steel Code Check section. In order for the program to 
automatically determine the class of cross

section for the pushover analysis, select
‘Auto’. For the automatic classification
Steel Code Checking should be performed
first.

Step 4-1: Pushover Global Control
1. Pushover > Control > Global Control

2. Select DL in the combo box and click [Add] button.
In this step, we will define the initial load cases, which
3. Select LL in the combo box and enter the Scale Factor as 0.25.
4. Click [Add] button. will be applied prior to pushover analysis such as dead
5. Click [OK] button. load and live load.
2,3
2,4


‘Reference Design code (Eurocode 8:2004)’ option is displayed when
the design code (in the main menu, Design > Design > RC Design or
Steel Design > Design code) is specified as Eurocode and Design code
in preferences (in the main menu, Tools > Setting > Preferences) is
specified as Eurocode.
Scale Factor for Ultimate Rotation
1) Wall: In calculating the total chord rotation capacity at ultimate , θu, for wall , the value is divided
by 1.6 as per EN1998-3:2004 A.3.1.1.
2) Cold-worked brittle steel: If cold-worked brittle steel is used the total chord rotation capacity is
divided by 1.6 as per EN1998-3:2004 A.3.1.1.
3) Without Detailing for earthquake resistance: In members without detailing for earthquake
resistance the total chord rotation capacity is multiplied by 0.85 as per EN1998-3:2004 .
4) Smooth longitudinal bars: in members with smooth (plain) longitudinal bars without lapping in
the vicinity of the end region where yielding is expected, the total chord rotation capacity may be
multiplied by 0.575 as per EN1998-3:2004.

Secondary Seismic Elements
In order to calculate the total chord rotation capacity at ultimate, θu, the factor ‘γel’ is used. Since γel is differently applied for primary and
secondary seismic elements (γel = 1.5 for primary seismic elements, γel = 1.0 for secondary seismic elements as per EN1998-3:2004
A.3.1.1), the user can define Secondary Seismic Elements group. If Secondary Seismic Elements are not defined, all the elements are
considered as Primary Seismic Elements.
In this tutorial, Secondary Seismic Elements are not defined since pushover hinge properties are assigned to primary elements only.

Step 5-1: Pushover Load Case

2
1. Pushover > Load Case > Pushover Load Cases

2. Click [Add] button.
3. Enter the pushover load case name as ‘Accel_X’.
4. Enter the Increment Steps as ‘30’.
5. Check on ‘Consider P-Delta Effect’ option.
6. Check on ‘Use Initial Load’ option.
7. Select ‘Displacement Control’ in the Increment Method.
8. Select ‘Mater Node’ option. 3
9. Click the entry field and click the node no. 20 with the
4
mouse in the model view. 5
10. Enter the Max. Displacement as 0.12m.
6
11. Check off ‘Limit inter-Story Deformation Angle’ option.
12. Specify the Load Pattern as ‘Uniform Acceleration’.
13. Specify the Direction as ‘DX’ in the combo box and click 7
[Add] button.
14. Click [OK] button.
8
10
11
9
12
13
13
14

Step 5-2: Pushover Load Case

2
1. Pushover > Load Case > Pushover Load Cases
3. Enter the pushover load case name as ‘EY_Y’.
4. Enter the Increment Steps as ‘30’.
5. Check on ‘Use Initial Load’ option.
6. Check on ‘Consider P-Delta Effect’ option.
7. Select ‘Displacement Control’ in the Increment Method.
8. Select ‘Mater Node’ option. 3
9. Click the entry field and click the node no. 20 with the
mouse in the model view. 4
5
10. Enter the Max. Displacement as 0.3m.
11. Check off ‘Limit inter-Story Deformation Angle’ option. 6
12. Specify the Load Pattern as ‘Static Load Cases’.
13. Specify the Load Case as ‘EY’ in the combo box and
7
click [Add] button.
8
10
11
9
12
13
13
14

Step 6-1: Define Pushover Hinge Properties for beams 2
1. Pushover > Assign > Assign Hinge Properties > Define Pushover
Hinge Properties
3. Enter the pushover hinge properties name as ‘Beam’.
4. Select the Material Type as ‘Steel / SRC(Filled)’
5. Check on ‘Fz’ & ‘Mz’ components.
6. Click [Properties…] button for My component.
7. Select the Class of cross section as ‘Auto’.
8. Click [Apply] button.
3
In order to check or modify the hinge properties, click [Properties…]
button of the desired component.
4
9

Step 6-2: Define Pushover Hinge Properties for Columns
1. Enter the pushover hinge properties name as ‘Column’.

3. Select ‘P-M-M in Status Determination’ option for Interaction Type.
4. Check on ‘Fy’, ‘Fz’ & ‘My’ components. Coupled axial force-biaxial moment behavior is reflected by
5. Click [Yield Surface Properties…] button.
calculating the flexural yield strength of a hinge considering the
6. Click [Y-Axis…] button for My component.
7. Select the Class of cross section as ‘Auto’. effect of axial force.
9. Click [z-Axis…] button for My component.
10. Select the Class of cross section as ‘Auto’.
1
12. Click [OK] button. 7,10

6,9
8,11 3
13
12

Step 6-3: Define Pushover Hinge Properties for braces
1. Enter the pushover hinge properties name as ‘Brace’.

2. Select the Element Type as ‘Truss’.
4. Check on ‘Fx’ component.
5. Click [Properties…] button for Fx component.
6. Select the Class of cross section as ‘Auto’. 9
9. Click [Close] button. 1
5
4
8
7

Pushover Hinge Properties
Yield strength of Steel structures
Shear
Eurocode3:2005, equation (6.18)
Hinge
Yield rotation of Steel structures
Class Class 1 Class 2
DL 1.0θy 0.25 θy
Flexural
Hinge
SD 6.0 θy 2.0 θy
NC 8.0 θy 3.0 θy
*θy= MyL/6EI
Where, My: Yield moment, L: Length of a member, E: Elasticity of Modulus, I: moment of inertia

Step 7-1: Assign Pushover Hinge Properties for columns
1. Select column members (Material ID 1:Column) from the Tree Menu.

2. Pushover > Assign > Assign Hinge Properties > Assign Pushover Hinge Properties
3. Select Hinge Properties Type as ‘Column’ in the combo box.
5. Click [Close] button.
Right-click
1
4 5

Step 7-2: Assign Pushover Hinge Properties for Beams
1. Select beam members (Material ID 2:Girder) from the Tree Menu.

Pushover hinge properties can be simply assigned to the
2. Drag and drop the ‘Beam’ hinge property from the Tree Menu to the
Model Window . selected elements by Drag & Drop.
1
Right-click

Step 7-3: Assign Pushover Hinge Properties for braces
1. Select brace members from the Tree Menu.

Pushover hinge properties can be simply assigned to the
2. Drag and drop the ‘Brace’ hinge property from the Tree Menu to the
Model Window . selected elements by Drag & Drop.
Right-click
1

Step 8: Check assigned hinge properties

Before assigning hinge properties (while defining hinge
1. Right-click ‘B1_Column’ from the Tree Menu. properties), Yield Strength and Yield Strain are displayed
2. Select ‘Properties’ from the context menu. as ‘1’. After assigning hinge properties, calculated values
3. Check the calculated yield strength and yield strain.
for each element are displayed.
4. Click [Detail] button to check the calculated values in detail.
By clicking [Detail] button, the user can check the
detailed equation and values.
Right-click
1

Before assigning hinge properties

Step 9: Perform pushover analysis
1. Click ‘Task Pane’.

2. Click ‘▼’ icon and select ‘Analysis’. Task Pane displays work procedure for
3. Click ‘Perform Pushover Analysis’. advanced analysis functions and
description on input items so as to enable
the user to work more easily.
2
midas program provides 4 types of
advanced analysis features - Pushover
3 Analysis, Nonlinear Time History

Analysis, Time History Analysis and
Material Nonlinear Analysis.
In addition, Task Pane data can be

saved in the html format in the User
Folder, so that the user can directly write
or add the required input items for
analysis.

2
Step 10-1: Pushover Curve
1. Click ‘Pushover Curve’ in the Task Pane.

2. Select the Pushover Load Case as ‘Accel_X’.
3. Select ‘For Target Displacement (EC8/OPCM)’.
4. Select the Spectrum Type as ‘Horizontal Design 3
Spectrum’.
5. Enter the Design Ground Acc.(Ag) as ‘0.5’.
6. Enter the Behavior Factor (b) as ‘1.5’. 4
7. Click [Draw] button.
For the detailed formula of the Target Displacement, refer to ‘ANNEX B DETERMINATION OF THE
TARGET DISPLACEMENT FOR NONLINEAR STATIC (PUSHOVER) ANALYSIS, EN 1998-1:2004’. The
target displacement, which is obtained from the above, corresponds to the seismic demand of the Limit State of
Significant Damage (SD). Target displacement of the Limit State of Near Collapse (NC) is taken equal to that
of SD multiplied by 1.5. Target displacement of the Limit State of Damage Limitation (DL) is taken equal to
that of SD divided by 2.5.

1
Step 10-2: Pushover Curve
1. Select the Pushover Load Case as ‘EY_Y’.

2. Select ‘For Target Displacement (EC8/OPCM)’.
3. Select the Spectrum Type as ‘Horizontal Design
Spectrum’.
2
4. Enter the Design Ground Acc.(Ag) as ‘0.5’.
5. Enter the Behavior Factor (b) as ‘1.5’.
6. Click [Draw] button.
7. Click [Close] button.
3
6 7
For the detailed formula of the Target Displacement, refer to ‘ANNEX B DETERMINATION OF THE
TARGET DISPLACEMENT FOR NONLINEAR STATIC (PUSHOVER) ANALYSIS, EN 1998-1:2004’. The
target displacement, which is obtained from the above, corresponds to the seismic demand of the Limit State of
Significant Damage (SD). Target displacement of the Limit State of Near Collapse (NC) is taken equal to that
of SD multiplied by 1.5. Target displacement of the Limit State of Damage Limitation (DL) is taken equal to
that of SD divided by 2.5.

Step 11-1: Hinge Status Results

1. Click ‘Hinge Status Results’ in the Task Pane.
2
2. Select the Pushover Load Cases Name as 6
‘Accel_X’. Clicking and scrolling
3. Select ‘Status of Yielding (EC8:2004)’.
4. Select the Components as ‘Ry’.
5. Check on ‘Legend’ and ‘Deform’.
6. Specify the desired step in the combo box. Clicking on the graph
The user can also check hinge status results for

each step by clicking on the step box and scroll
or clicking on the pushover graph which is
displayed in the black background.
3
4
1

Step 11-2: Hinge Status Results
1. Select the Pushover Load Cases Name as 1

‘EY_Y’. 5
2. Select ‘Status of Yielding (EC8:2004)’.
3. Select the Components as ‘Ry’.
4. Check on ‘Legend’ and ‘Deform’.
5. Specify the desire step in the combo box.

Step 12-1: Safety Verification Table

1. Click ‘Safety Verification Table’ in the Task Pane.
2. Select ‘Show All Elements’.
4. Select Pushover Load Case as ‘Accel_x’.
5. Select ‘Significant Damage (SD)’.
6. Check on ‘My’ and ‘Fz’.
2
3
Safety Verification Table displays the comparison results between the demand and
capacities of the elements as per EN1998-3:2004 Table 4.3. Safety verification shall be
conducted for both ductile and brittle elements respectively. For ductile elements,
verification will be conducted in terms of deformation using mean values of properties
6 divided by CF. For brittle elements, verification shall be conducted in terms of strength
using mean values of properties divided by CF and by partial factor.
7

Step 12-2: Safety Verification Table
1. Right-click on the table and select ‘Set Safety

Verification’ in the Context menu.
2. Select Pushover Load Case as ‘EY_Y’.
3. Select ‘Significant Damage (SD)’.
4. Check on ‘My’ and ‘Fz’.
1
2
Safety Verification Table displays the comparison results between the demand and
capacities of the elements as per EN1998-3:2004 Table 4.3. Safety verification shall be
conducted for both ductile and brittle elements respectively. For ductile elements,
verification will be conducted in terms of deformation using mean values of properties
4
divided by CF. For brittle elements, verification shall be conducted in terms of strength
using mean values of properties divided by CF and by partial factor.
5

Capacity of Steel structures for assessment in the Safety Verification Table (Eurocode8-3:2004, Annex A.3.1)
Class Class 1 Class 2
DL 1.0θy 0.25 θy
Plastic rotation SD 6.0 θy 2.0 θy
capacity
NC 8.0 θy 3.0 θy
Shear capacity - Eurocode3:2005, equation (6.18)
*For ductile elements, mean values of properties divided by CF are used. For brittle members, mean values of properties
divided by CF and by partial factor.
*θy= MyL/6EI
Where, My: Yield moment, L: Length of a member, E: Elasticity of Modulus, I: moment of inertia

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Gen Training Series Pushover Analysis as per EC8:2004

Pushover Analysis of steel structure

Program Version Gen 2015 (v 1.1)

MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Overview Optimal Design Procedure

designer collectively select a target performance for the - Details of Building

analysis to evaluate if the selected performance objective has

2 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Details of the example structure

Section Name Section ID Section DB Section Size

Figure 1. Three-dimensional structural model

Figure 2. Structural plan Figure 3. Elevation

3 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

 Applied Design Code

Gravity loads Unit Load Cases

Static Wind Loads

4 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 1. Open the model file and perform analysis

5 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 2: Check Steel Design Code

6 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 3: Steel Code Checking

automatically determine the class of cross

7 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 4-1: Pushover Global Control

1. Pushover > Control > Global Control

8 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 4-2: Pushover Global Control

Scale Factor for Ultimate Rotation

9 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 4-3: Pushover Global Control

Secondary Seismic Elements

10 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 5-1: Pushover Load Case

1. Pushover > Load Case > Pushover Load Cases

11 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 5-2: Pushover Load Case

12 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 6-1: Define Pushover Hinge Properties for beams 2

13 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 6-2: Define Pushover Hinge Properties for Columns

1. Enter the pushover hinge properties name as ‘Column’.

14 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 6-3: Define Pushover Hinge Properties for braces

1. Enter the pushover hinge properties name as ‘Brace’.

15 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Yield strength of Steel structures

Yield rotation of Steel structures

Class Class 1 Class 2

16 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 7-1: Assign Pushover Hinge Properties for columns

1. Select column members (Material ID 1:Column) from the Tree Menu.

17 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 7-2: Assign Pushover Hinge Properties for Beams

1. Select beam members (Material ID 2:Girder) from the Tree Menu.

18 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 7-3: Assign Pushover Hinge Properties for braces

1. Select brace members from the Tree Menu.

19 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 8: Check assigned hinge properties

20 MIDAS Information Technology Co., Ltd.

Step 9: Perform pushover analysis