AECOM (278613-X) Job No.

: KUL14001
Perunding Sdn Bhd.
Calc sheet no.
Job Name.: TRX Designed by: RAO Date :
Structure : TYPICAL TUNNEL 13m Checked by: SA Date :
Section : WALL 2 (OUTER FACE) Reviewed by: Date :
Design to BS 5400-4:1990
STEP 1 STEP 2
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK : TEMPERATURE CHECK : (OPC content 390 kg/m3)
Wall or Slab 1 Wall = 1 : Susp Slab = 2 : G/Slab = 3 w= 0.25 mm (Control Crack Width)
Mu= 3000.00 kNm/m (Applied Ultimate Moment) T1= 45.75 0C (Hydration Peak Temperature))
fy = 2 0
460 N/mm (Yiled Strength of Steel Rebar) T2= 10 C (Seasonal Variations Temperature)
fcu = 35 N/mm2 (Concrete Grade) h= 800 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab)
m = 1.15 (Partial Factor)
co = 50 mm (Clear Cover to the Mian Bar) = 32 mm (Diameter of Rebar)
h= 800 mm (Overall Thickness of Wall or Slab) fct 1.6 N/mm2 (1.3 for C30 and 1.6 for C35A concrete)
2
b= 1000 mm (Width of Section) fb 2.4 N/mm (1.6 for MS and 2.4 for HT)
= 32 mm (Main Bar Size) hsz = 250 mm (Surface Zone)
(out)= 0 mm (Outermost Bar Size) fct / fcb 0.67
Ms = 1588.00 kNm (Applied Service Moment Mu/1.4) c 0.00001 / 0C (Coefficient of linear expansion)
d= h - co - / 2 = 734 mm (Effective Depth) Required Minimum Steel :
2
k= Mu / bd fcu = 0.1591 Compression reinf.needed = fct  c( T1+T2 )/ 4w fcb = 0.0119
la = 0.5+(0.25-k/0.9) = 0.771 (Lever Arm) As =  b hsz = 2973 mm2
z= la d = 565.62 mm s= 271 mm
Required Minimum Steel : Smax 896.9 mm (Maximum crack spacing)
As req . = ( K' fcu bd^2 /0.95 fy z ) + A's 13260 mm2 17 T 32 - 61 Provided Steel :
As nominal. = 0.015 x b h 1600 mm2 2 T 32 - 503 prov = 1.29 % Provide:
Provided Steel : Asprov = 3217 mm2 4 T 32 - 250 ( 25.254kg/m )
sprov= 50 mm Not less t layer of Rebar = 1 nos sprov= 250 mm OK
Asprov = 16077 mm2 / m O.K Smax 828.93 mm (Actual)
Provide: w max 0.231 mm (Actual)
20 T 32 - 50 ( 126.267kg/m )

STEP 3 STEP 4
CRACK WIDTH DUE TO FLEXURE : SHEAR CHECK :
Tension Compression Vu = 732 kN (Ultimate Shear at Support)
= 32 25 mm (Diameter of Rebar) O.K. N= 642 kN (Axial Load due to Permanent Load)
s= 125 125 mm (Spacing of Rebar Centres) ξs = 0.91
layer = 2 0 nos (Layer of Rebar) vc = 0.90 N/mm2 (Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As =  x 2) x b / 4 s = 12868 mm2 (Area of Steel) ξsvc = 0.85 N/mm2 (Modified Design Concrete Shear Stress )
As'=  x 2) x b / 4 s = 0 mm2 (Area of Steel) v= Vu/bd = 1.00 N/mm2
d' = 37.5 mm (Effective Depth of Compression Area) v > ξsvc, SHEAR REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED
co(nom) = 50 mm (Nominal Cover) Required Area of Shear Reinforcement:
a' = 800.0 mm (Distance from Comp. Face to Nominal Cover) Asv = 271 mm2 (Table 7, Clause 5.3.3.2)
= As / b d = 1.753% (Steel Ratio)
' = As' / b d = 0.000% (Steel Ratio) Provided Steel :
Modular ratio : f= 12 mm Provide:
Es = 200 kN/mm2 (Modulus of Elasticity of Steel) sprov= 200 mm 2 T 12 - 200 ( 3.552kg/m )
Ec = 30 kN/mm2 (Short term of of Elasticity of Concrete) Link = 4 leg
Ec = 17.94 kN/mm2 (Modified Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete) Asprov = 452 mm2 O.K
e = Es/Ec= 11.149 (Modular Ratio) STEP 5
e = 0.195 e' = 0.000 Mq/Mg = 0.2437 DEFLECTION CHECK : Y
Depth of neutral axis : Span / depth = 0
x/d = ee1)']²+2[ee1'd'/d][ae+(ae1)'] 0.4596 lx = 3200 mm
x= 337.351 mm M.F. = 0.84 < 2
Lever arm : Actual l/d = 4.36
z= d-x/3= 621.550 mm Allowable l/d = 0.00 N/A
Second Moment of Area of Cracked Section:
Ic = bx³/3+(e-1)As'(x-d')²eAsdx² = 3.54E+10 mm4 RESULTS :
Strain at Level of Tension Reinforcement:
s = e(Mg+Mq)(d-x)/(Ic x Es) = 0.0009921 Reinforcement required under various criteria
Service Steel tensile stress : CRITERIA REFORCEMENT
fs = 2
Ms/(z As) = 198.55 N/mm 1 ULTIMATE FLEXURAL T32-50 mm2 / m SELECTED
Concrete compressive stress :
fcb = 2Ms/(zbx) = 15.15 N/mm2 2 TEMPERATURE T32-250 mm2 / m
Check stress level :
0.38fcu = 13.3 3 CRACK WIDTH 2T32-125 mm2 / m
fcb = 15.15 > 0.38fcu, COMPRESSION REINF. REQ'D.
0.75fy = 345 WALL/ SLAB THICKNESS = 800 mm
fs = 198.55 O.K., fs < 0.75fy
Strain at soffit of concrete slab :
1 = s x (a'-x)/(d-x) = 0.00116
Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks :
2 = ((3.8.b.h.(a'-x))/(Es.As.(h-x)))-((1-(Mq/Mg).10^(-9)) = 0.00018
Average surface strain :
m = 1-2 = 0.000979
Design surface crack width : ( Less than 0.25 mm )
acr = c(nom)+/2)2+(s/2)^2]-/2 = 74.90 mm
w= 3acrm/(1+2(acr-co/(h-x))) = 0.199 mm O.K.
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