"I am somebody, I was somebody when I came, I'll be a

better somebody when I leave. I'm powerful and I am

strong. I deserve the education that I get here. I HAVE
THINGS TO DO, PEOPLE TO IMPRESS AND PLACES TO
GO!"
•https://ed.engdis.com/uguayaquil#
 Simple Present There be
Used to indicate the existence of something physical or abstract in a particular place. We use “there + be” to talk about the existence of
something. “There + be” can be express in all the verbal times, but in english we conjugate the verb to be with the noun in plural, singular or if it is
contable or non contable.

There is:

It is used for singular nouns (When we’re talking about one) or for non- countable nouns (Things that cannot be counted), per
example:
• There is a man here to see you.
• There is a flaw in your argument.
• There is a swing.
• There is a seesaw for kids.

• There are:

It is used with plural nouns.

• There are three zeros in “1000”
• There are many trees.
Singular Nouns

• A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea.

• You can express that a noun is singular using one, or using the articles a or an (that
indicates one).
• There is one lamp on my bookcase and one chair at my desk.
• There is a very comfortable couch.
Non-countable or Uncountable
Nouns
• A smaller number of nouns do not typically refer to things that can be counted and so
they do not regularly have a plural form: these are known as uncountable
nouns (or mass nouns). Examples include: rain, flour, earth, wine, or wood.
Uncountable nouns can't be preceded by a or an. Many abstract nouns are typically
uncountable, e.G. Happiness, truth, darkness, humour.
uncountable because it's referring to the drink in
Would you like some coffee?
general
countable, because it's referring to a cup of
He ordered a coffee.
coffee
uncountable, because it refers to the quality or
There's no truth in the rumours.
state of being true
countable, because it's referring to facts or
The fundamental truths about human nature.
beliefs that are true
 Plural Nouns
• A plural noun is a word that indicates that there is more than one person, animal place,
thing, or idea. When you talk about more than one of anything, you're using plural
nouns. When you write about more than one of anything, you usually use the same
word, simply adding an s, es, or ies to the end.
• Those cats never seem to tire of chasing one another in and out of those boxes.
• Irregular plurals:
 Quantifiers / Plural Forms
Only with With uncountable Only with
uncountable nouns and countable nouns countable nouns
How much? How much? or How many? How many?
a little no/none a few
a bit (of) not any a number (of)
- some (any) several
a great deal of a lot of a large number of
a large amount of plenty of a great number of
- lots of -

Note: much and many are used in negative and question forms.
• Examples:
• How much money have you got?
• How many cigarettes have you smoked?
• There's not much sugar in the cupboard.
• There weren't many people at the concert.

They are also used with too, (not) so, and (not) as:
• There were too many people at the concert - we couldn't see the band.
• It's a problem when there are so many people.
• There's not so much work to do this week.
In positive statements, we use a lot of:
• I've got a lot of work this week.
• There were a lot of people at the concert.
A few and few, a little and little
• These expressions show the speaker's attitude towards the quantity he/she is referring to.
• A few (for countable nouns) and a little (for uncountable nouns) describe the quantity in
a positive way:
• Examples
• "I've got a few friends" (= maybe not many, but enough)
• "I've got a little money" (= i've got enough to live on)

• Few and little describe the quantity in a negative way:

• Examples
• Few people visited him in hospital (= he had almost no visitors)
• He had little money (= almost no money)
Some and any
• Some and any are used with countable and uncountable nouns, to describe an indefinite or incomplete quantity.
• Some is used in positive statements:
Examples
• I had some rice for lunch
• He has some books from the library.
• It is also used in questions where we are sure about the answer:
Examples
• Did he give you some tea? (= I'm sure he did.)
• Is there some fruit juice in the fridge? (= I think there is)
• Some is used in situations where the question is not a request for information, but a method of making a request,
encouraging or giving an invitation:
Examples
• Could I have some books, please?
• Why don't you take some books home with you?
• Any is used in questions and
with not in negative statements:
Examples
• Have you got any tea?
• I don't think we've got any coffee left.
• Some in positive sentences.
Examples
• Philip wants some help with his exams.
• There is some butter in the fridge.
• Some in questions:
Examples
• Would you like some help?
• Will you have some more roast beef?
• Any in negative sentences
Examples
• She doesn't want any kitchen appliances for
christmas.
• They don't want any help moving to their
new house.
• There isn't any reason to complain.
• Any in interrogative sentences
Examples
• Do you have any friends in london?
• Are there any problems with your work?
Enough
• Enough is placed before the noun, to indicate the quantity required or
necessary:
Examples
• There is enough bread for lunch.
• She has enough money.
• We didn't have enough time to visit london bridge.
• Are there enough eggs to make an omelette?
• Richard has enough talent to become a singing star
• There are some words that should only be used with countable nouns and some that you
should only use with uncountable nouns. Here are the main examples:

with countable with uncountable

word examples
noun? noun?
fewer students; few
few, fewer ✓ ✗
cars
little, less, least ✗ ✓ less food; little time
several books; many
many, several ✓ ✗
changes
much pleasure; much
much ✗ ✓
sleep

• You often hear people using less with countable nouns (e.G. ‘There are less cars outside the
school gates’). Although it's a common mistake, it is still a mistake and you should try to
avoid making it in formal writing or speaking.
 THERE IS (COUNTABLE SINGULAR/ NON COUNTABLE)
“There is” is used with singular countables or non-countables. The contraction form is
“There’s”.

STRUCTURE (ESTRUCTURA)
AFFIRMATIVE:
THERE + IS + A/AN/ONE + NOUN
NEGATIVE:
THERE + IS + NOT + A/AN/ONE + NOUN
THERE + ISN’T + A/AN/ONE + NOUN (CONTRACTION)
INTERROGATIVE:
IS + THERE + A/AN/ONE + NOUN?
THERE ARE (COUNTABLE PLURAL)
“There are” is used with plural countable nouns. It is not a contraction for this.

STRUCTURE (ESTRUCTURA)
AFFIRMATIVE:
THERE + ARE + PLURAL NOUNS
PLURAL FORMS AS A LOT, SOME, MANY, LOTS OF.
NEGATIVE:
THERE + ARE+ NOT + PLURAL + NOUNS
THERE + AREN’T + PLURAL + NOUNS (CONTRACTION)
INTERROGATIVE:
ARE + THERE + PLURAL + NOUNS?
With the words below, write sentences with there is or there are as the noun requires it and in the form
specified next to the word

• Pencil (Affirmative) • There is a pencil.

• Wolves (Negative) • There aren’t wolves.
• Car (Interrogative) • Is there a car?
• paper sheets / enough (Negative) • There are not enough paper sheets.
• Milk /a lot of (Affirmative) • There is a lot of milk.
• no time (Negative) • There is no time.
• Sugar (Interrogative) • Is there any sugar?
• rubber bands / any (Negative) • There aren’t any rubber bands.
• fans in the ceiling / no (Negative) • There are no fans in the ceiling.
• Sheep / many (Affirmative) • There are too many sheep.
Simple Past There be

It indicates that something physical or abstract in a particular place used to exist but doesn’t exist anymore.

• There was:

It is used for singular nouns (When we’re talking about one) or for non- countable nouns (Things that cannot be counted),
per example:
• There was a man on the door.
• There was a flaw in your argument.
• There was a seesaw for kids here but now there is a swing.

• There were:

It is used with plural nouns.

• There were many reasons.
• There were four kids.
 THERE WAS (COUNTABLE SINGULAR/ NON COUNTABLE)
“There was” is used with singular countables or non-countables. There is not a contraction form.

STRUCTURE (ESTRUCTURA)
AFFIRMATIVE:

THERE + WAS + A/AN/ONE + NOUN

NEGATIVE:

THERE + WAS + NOT + A/AN/ONE + NOUN

THERE + WASN’T + A/AN/ONE + NOUN (CONTRACTION)

THERE + WASN’T + ANY + NOUN

INTERROGATIVE:

WAS + THERE + A/AN/ONE + NOUN?

WAS + THERE + ANY + NOUN?

• Examples:
• There was a chair.
• There was a bank

• There wasn't a shop.

• There was not a shop.

• Was there a park?

• Yes, there was (short answer)
• Yes, there was a park there. (Long answer).
• No, there was not / wasn’t. (short answer)
• No, there was not a park there . (long answer)
THERE WERE (COUNTABLE PLURAL)
“There were” is used with plural countable nouns. It is not a contraction for this.

STRUCTURE (ESTRUCTURA)
AFFIRMATIVE:
THERE + WERE + PLURAL NOUNS
PLURAL FORMS AS A LOT, SOME, MANY, LOTS OF.
NEGATIVE:
THERE + WERE NOT+ PLURAL + NOUNS
THERE + WEREN’T + PLURAL + NOUNS (CONTRACTION)
INTERROGATIVE:
WERE + THERE + PLURAL + NOUNS?
• Ejemplos:
• Affirmative:
• There were apples over the table.
• There were some pants in your size left.
• There were enough mugs for everybody.
• There were so many possible causes.
• Negative:
• There weren’t enough paper sheets.
• There were not any rubber bands.
• There were no fans in the ceiling.
• Interrogative:
• Were there any shoes under the bed?
• Were there enough clothes clean?
• Were there some strawberries in the fridge?
 Exercises: Complete the following paragraph with there be in present or past
as it is required • The city has changed so much. Where there was a movie
• The city has changed so much. Where _____________ a
movie theater, ____________ a coffee shop now. It’s
ridiculous, ____________ four coffee shops in the same
block, so _____________ no point in taking off the
theater. The theater used to transmit something,
______________ this feeling in your chest everytime you
got in there; but now ____________ that huge void
where the feeling should be.
• ____________ this boy at school that I have a crush on.
____________ so many things that I’d like to tell him, but
___________ enough words to express my feelings, so I
keep them to myself. ____________ so many girls that
are so brave and can say anything they want.
___________ a time when __________ something
similar as courage in me to do things like that, but
___________ none of that anymore.
theater, there is a coffee shop now.
• It’s ridiculous, there are four coffee shops in the same block, so
there was no point in taking off the theater.
• The theater used to transmit something, there was this feeling
in your chest everytime you got in there; but now there is that
huge void where the feeling should be.
• There is this boy at school that I have a crush on.
• There are so many things that I’d like to tell him, but there
aren’t enough words to express my feelings, so I keep them to
myself.
• There are so many girls that are so brave and can say anything
they want.
• There was a time when there was something similar as
courage in me to do things like that, but there is none of that
anymore.
 Exercises: Complete the following paragraph with there be in present or past
as it is required and choose the correct quantifier when it is
needed.
• ____________ that complicated, at least I don’t think so
anymore. ____________ a time I thought it was
impossible, and it’s true ___________ a lot of problems • There wasn’t that complicated, at least I don’t think so
related to it, but it’s possible. anymore. There was a time I thought it was impossible, and
it’s true There are a lot of problems related to it, but it’s
• You have to be brave ____________ (too much / a lot / possible.
enough) to try. Life isn’t easy, ____________ a person
that can tell you otherwise. ____________ (There be;
• You have to be brave enough (too much / a lot / enough) to
try. Life isn’t easy, There is not a person that can tell you
many / so many / as many) challenges you will have to
otherwise. There are so many (There be; many / so many /
face everyday.
as many) challenges you will have to face everyday.
• ____________ (Little / Few / enough) things are the ones • Few (Little / Few / enough) things are the ones you can
you can totally count on, because everything is fleeting. totally count on, because everything is fleeting. So, if There is
So, if ____________ just one life you can live, shouldn’t just one life you can live, shouldn’t you try to live it plenty?
you try to live it plenty?
 Some +
Any + -thing -body -one -where
No +

Compound nouns with some- and any- are used in the same way as some and any.
Positive statements:
Examples Negative statements:
•Someone is sleeping in my bed. Examples
•He saw something in the garden. •She didn't go anywhere last night.
•I left my glasses somewhere in the house. •He doesn't know anybody here.

Questions: NOTICE that there is a difference in emphasis

Examples between nothing, nobody etc. and not ...
•Are you looking for someone? (= I'm sure you anything, not ... anybody:
are) Examples
•Have you lost something? (= I'm sure you •I don't know anything about it. (= neutral, no
have) emphasis)
•Is there anything to eat? (real question) •I know nothing about it (= more emphatic,
•Did you go anywhere last night? maybe defensive)
• Something, somebody, somewhere
Examples
• I have something to tell you.
• There is something to drink in the fridge.
• He knows somebody in new york
• Keith is looking for somewhere to live.
• Anybody, anything, anywhere
Examples
• Is there anybody who speaks english here?
• Does anybody have the time?
• Is there anything to eat?
• He doesn't have anything to stay tonight.
• Nobody, nothing, nowhere
Examples
• There is nobody in the house at the moment
• When I arrived there was nobody to meet
me.
• There is nothing to eat.
• There is nowhere as beautiful as Paris in
the spring.
• Homeless people have nowhere to go at
night.
• Any can also be used in positive statements to
mean 'no matter which', 'no matter who', 'no
matter what':
Examples
• You can borrow any of my books.
• They can choose anything from the menu.
• You may invite anybody to dinner, i don't
mind.
Exercise
• THE RADIO IS IN THE TABLE.
• THE TELEPHONE IS BEHIND THE
PLANT.
• THE BOOK IS ON THE TABLE.
• THE LAMP IS UNDER THE SOFA.
• THE TV IS IN FRONT OF THE SOFA.
Exercise
• THE RADIO IS IN THE TABLE. F (The radio is
ON the table)

• THE TELEPHONE IS BEHIND THE PLANT. F

(The telephone is NEXT TO the plant)

• THE BOOK IS ON THE TABLE. T

• THE LAMP IS UNDER THE SOFA. F (The

lamp is BESIDE the sofa)

• THE TV IS IN FRONT OF THE SOFA. T

EXERCISE: WHERE IS..?
1. Where is the supermarket?

2. Where is the toy store?

3. Where is the pet store?

4. Where is the school?

5. Where is the bank?