UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA

CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA

OPERACIONES UNITARIAS II
PARALELO: 1

DESTILACION EN COLUMNA DE RELLENO O EMPAQUETAMIENTO

Integrantes:

CARVAJAL FATIMA

MARTINEZ BRYAN

PASTAS BRIAN

SALAS IVANA

VACA JAEL

Profesor:
GILDA GORDILLO

Quito-Ecuador
2019-2020
 DESTILACIÓN CON COLUMNA DE RELLENOS
En una columna de rectificación de relleno se introduce una mezcla líquida metanol-agua
a la temperatura de ebullición, de composición 0,40 (fracción molar). Ha de separarse un
destilado de composición 0,97 y un producto de cola de composición 0,04.Sila relación
de reflujo es 0,90 y HOG vale 25 cm, determínese:
a) Las ecuaciones de las rectas de operación
b) El número de elementos de transmisión
c) La altura de relleno necesaria
a) Ecuaciones de la recta de operación

F (mol/h) TF (°C) XF XD XW L/V HoG

100 0.4 0.97 0.04 0.9 25 cm

𝐹 =𝐷+𝑊
100 = 𝐷 + 𝑊

𝐹𝑥𝐹 = 𝐷𝑥𝐷 + 𝑊𝑥𝑤

100 ∗ 0.4 = 0.97𝐷 + 0.04𝑊

𝐷 = 100 − 𝑊
𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑾 = 𝟔𝟏. 𝟐𝟗
𝒉
𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝐷 = 100 − 61.29 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟕𝟏
𝒉

a.1. CÁLCULOP DE LA PARTE LÍQUIDO Y DE VAPOR

a.1.1. Cálculo en la cabeza
𝐿
= 0.90
𝑉
𝑉−𝐿 =𝐷
𝑉 − 𝐿 = 38.71
𝐿
𝑉=
0.90
𝐿 𝑚𝑜𝑙
− 𝐿 = 38.71
0.90 ℎ
𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑳 = 𝟑𝟒𝟖. 𝟑𝟗
𝒉
𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑽 = 𝟑𝟖𝟕. 𝟏
𝒉
a.1.2. Cálculo en la cola
𝐿′ =La fracción liquida puede adquirir diferentes valores según su condición de
alimentación:

𝐿̅ = 𝐿 + 𝐹 ∗ 𝛷
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝐿̅ = 𝐿′ = 348.39 + 100 ∗ (1) = 𝟒𝟒𝟖. 𝟑𝟗
ℎ ℎ 𝒉
𝑉 ′ = 𝑉 + 𝐹 ∗ (1 − 𝛷)
𝑉̅ = 𝑉 + 𝐹 ∗ (1 − 𝛷)
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑉̅ = 387.1 + 100 ∗ (1 − 1) = 𝟑𝟖𝟕. 𝟏
ℎ ℎ 𝒉

 Ecuaciones de las rectas de operación

𝐿 𝐷
𝑦= ∗ 𝑥 + ∗ 𝑥𝐷
𝑉 𝑉
348.39 38.71
𝑦1 = ∗𝑥+ ∗ 0.97 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎𝒙 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟕
387.1 387.1
𝐿̅ 𝑊 𝐿′ 𝑊
𝑦2 = ∗ 𝑥 − ∗ 𝑥𝑊 ∗ 𝑥 − ∗ 𝑥𝑊
𝑉̅ 𝑉 𝑉′ 𝑉′
448.39 61.29
𝑦2 = ∗𝑥− ∗ 0.04 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝟖𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟑
387.1 387.1
𝑦1 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎𝒙 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟕
𝑦2 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝟖𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟑𝟑𝟑

b) Número de elementos de transmisión

A B C PRESIÓN Temperatura
mmHg ebullición
7.97328 1515.14 232.85 759.9 64.67 METANOL
7.97208 1668.84 227.7 759.9 100.08 AGUA
 𝑩
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟏𝟎 (𝑷𝒔𝒂𝒕) = 𝑨 −
𝑻+𝑪

𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑘=
𝑃𝑡

𝑌𝑖 = 𝑘𝑖 ∗ 𝑋𝑖

𝑃𝑇 − 𝑃𝑇𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐸𝑁𝑂
𝑋𝐵𝐸𝑁𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑂 =
𝑃𝐵𝐸𝑁𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑂 − 𝑃𝑇𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐸𝑁𝑂

𝑃𝐵𝐸𝑁𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑂 − 𝑋𝐵𝐸𝑁𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑂
𝑌𝐵𝐸𝑁𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑂 =
𝑃𝑇

𝐹 ∗ 𝑋𝐹 − (𝐹 − 𝑉) ∗ 𝑋
𝑌=
𝑉

METANOOL AGUA Diagrama de X-Y

T inicial log P sat P sat K Yi log P sat P sat K Yi Suma Yi T XB YB

64 2.872182085 745.0442798 0.980321421 0.245080355 2.252618964 178.9035524 0.235399411 0.17654956 0.42162991 64 1.03 1.01
65 2.889295383 774.9887227 1.019722004 0.254930501 2.2721169 187.1185745 0.246208651 0.18465649 0.43958699 65 0.97 0.99
66 2.906296415 805.9283161 1.060431995 0.265107999 2.291484601 195.6521392 0.257437025 0.19307777 0.45818577 66 0.92 0.98
67 2.923186282 837.8886003 1.102485 0.27562125 2.310723366 204.5141523 0.269097569 0.20182318 0.47744443 67 0.88 0.97
68 2.93996607 870.8955477 1.145915194 0.286478799 2.32983448 213.7147418 0.281203608 0.21090271 0.4973815 68 0.83 0.95
69 2.956636853 904.9755653 1.190757323 0.297689331 2.348819209 223.2642609 0.293768764 0.22032657 0.5180159 69 0.79 0.94
70 2.973199689 940.155496 1.237046705 0.309261676 2.367678802 233.1732906 0.306806961 0.23010522 0.5393669 70 0.75 0.92
71 2.989655623 976.4626214 1.284819239 0.32120481 2.386414492 243.4526419 0.320332424 0.24024932 0.56145413 71 0.70 0.91
72 3.006005687 1013.924663 1.334111399 0.33352785 2.405027496 254.1133586 0.334359682 0.25076976 0.58429761 72 0.67 0.89
73 3.022250899 1052.569786 1.384960245 0.346240061 2.423519016 265.1667198 0.348903579 0.26167768 0.60791775 73 0.63 0.87
74 3.038392265 1092.426597 1.437403417 0.359350854 2.441890237 276.6242422 0.363979266 0.27298445 0.6323353 74 0.59 0.85
75 3.054430777 1133.524149 1.491479144 0.372869786 2.460142329 288.4976828 0.379602214 0.28470166 0.65757145 75 0.56 0.83
76 3.070367415 1175.891944 1.547226242 0.386806561 2.478276448 300.7990412 0.395788212 0.29684116 0.68364772 76 0.52 0.81
77 3.086203147 1219.55993 1.604684119 0.40117103 2.496293732 313.5405617 0.412553371 0.30941503 0.71058606 77 0.49 0.79
78 3.101938928 1264.558507 1.663892773 0.415973193 2.514195308 326.7347363 0.429914127 0.32243559 0.73840879 78 0.46 0.77
79 3.117575701 1310.918525 1.724892796 0.431223199 2.531982287 340.3943064 0.447887245 0.33591543 0.76713863 79 0.43 0.75
80 3.133114398 1358.671288 1.787725379 0.446931345 2.549655766 354.5322655 0.466489823 0.34986737 0.79679871 80 0.40 0.72
81 3.148555938 1407.848552 1.852432305 0.463108076 2.567216827 369.1618613 0.485739291 0.36430447 0.82741254 81 0.38 0.70
82 3.163901231 1458.482529 1.919055959 0.47976399 2.58466654 384.2965982 0.505653419 0.37924006 0.85900405 82 0.35 0.67
83 3.179151173 1510.605887 1.987639325 0.496909831 2.602005961 399.9502389 0.526250314 0.39468774 0.89159757 83 0.32 0.64
84 3.19430665 1564.251751 2.058225988 0.514556497 2.619236131 416.1368073 0.547548431 0.41066132 0.92521782 84 0.30 0.62
85 3.209368537 1619.453702 2.130860135 0.532715034 2.63635808 432.8705902 0.569566566 0.42717492 0.95988996 85 0.28 0.59
86 3.224337698 1676.245782 2.205586556 0.551396639 2.653372825 450.1661395 0.592323868 0.4442429 0.99563954 86 0.25 0.56
87 3.239214988 1734.66249 2.282450645 0.570612661 2.670281369 468.0382743 0.615839835 0.46187988 1.03249254 87 0.23 0.53
88 3.254001248 1794.738785 2.361498401 0.5903746 2.687084704 486.5020829 0.64013432 0.48010074 1.07047534 88 0.21 0.49
89 3.268697313 1856.510086 2.442776429 0.610694107 2.703783808 505.5729248 0.665227533 0.49892065 1.10961476 89 0.19 0.46
 x y* Y y*-y 1/(y*-y)
0 0
zona hervidor 0.04 0.07
0.0745 0.086 0.080 0.006 164.962059
0.10 0.1210 0.11 0.012 86.7077083
0.15 0.188 0.167 0.021 48.4660495
0.20 0.255 0.225 0.030 33.632664
0.25 0.322 0.283 0.039 25.751294
zona 0.30 0.389 0.341 0.048 20.8624538
rectificación 0.35 0.456 0.399 0.057 17.5337086
0.40 0.523 0.457 0.066 15.121044
Alimentación 0.40 0.523 0.457 0.066 15.121044
0.45 0.59 0.515 0.075 13.2920394
0.50 0.66 0.573 0.084 11.8577544
0.55 0.72 0.631 0.093 10.7028566
0.60 0.79 0.688 0.103 9.75295758
0.65 0.86 0.746 0.112 8.95792463
0.70 0.93 0.804 0.121 8.2827396
0.75 0.99 0.862 0.131 7.64333158
0.80 1.06 0.920 0.140 7.14627715
0.85 1.13 0.978 0.149 6.70992331
0.90 1.19 1.036 0.158 6.32379073
agotamiento 0.95 1.26 1.094 0.167 5.97968104
 𝑦2
𝑑𝑦
𝑁𝑂𝐺 = ∫
𝑦1 𝑦∗−𝑦
0.4569
𝑁𝑂𝐺 = ∫ 1653.5𝑦4 − 4466.5𝑦3 + 4253.9𝑦2 − 1688.6𝑦 + 248.43 𝑑𝑦
0.08

𝑵𝑶𝑮 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟐𝟖

c) Altura de relleno necesaria

𝑍 = 𝐻𝑂𝐺 ∗ 𝑁𝑂𝐺
𝑍 = 0.25𝑚 ∗ 15.28 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟐𝒎