City Sanitation-Plan

Guntur Municipal Corporation
Situation Analysis Report – Guntur

June 2016
Supported under
Capacity Building for Urban Development Project (CBUD)
A joint program of
Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India
and
The World Bank
CONSULTING FIRM:
HaskoningDHV Consulting Private Limited
Green Boulevard, Plot B 9A, Tower B, 4th Floor, Sector 62, Noida, UP 201301, India
T +91 120 4016100 | F +91 120 4260165 | W www.royalhaskoningdhv.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Abbreviations……………………………………………………………………………………………IV-V
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 01-1
1.1. Structure of the Report ....................................................................................................................................... 01-1
2. City Profile................................................................................................................................................................... 02-1
2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................... 02-1
2.2 Historical Background......................................................................................................................................... 02-1
2.3 Location and Regional Linkages ........................................................................................................................ 02-3
2.3.1 Regional Importance… ....................................................................................................................................... 02-4
2.3.2 Connectivity.. ....................................................................................................................................................... 02-4
2.4 Physiography ...................................................................................................................................................... 02-5
2.4.1 Climate.. .............................................................................................................................................................. 02-5
2.4.2 Humidity & Wind Direction.................................................................................................................................. 02-5
2.4.3 GroundWater Status. .......................................................................................................................................... 02-6
2.4.4 Soil Characteristics. ............................................................................................................................................ 02-7
2.4.5 Flooding.. ............................................................................................................................................................. 02-8
2.4.6 Water Bodies in Guntur.. .................................................................................................................................... 02-8
2.5 Demographic Characteristics ........................................................................................................................... 02-14
2.5.1 Guntur Growth and Trend. ............................................................................................................................... 02-14
2.5.2 Density & Spatial Distribution Pattern.............................................................................................................. 02-15
2.5.3 Floating Population. .......................................................................................................................................... 02-16
2.5.4 Sex Ratio.. ......................................................................................................................................................... 02-17
2.5.5 Literacy.. ............................................................................................................................................................ 02-17
2.5.6 Work force and Dependent population. ........................................................................................................... 02-18
2.6 Local Economy.................................................................................................................................................. 02-19
2.6.1 Industrial Development.. ................................................................................................................................... 02-19
2.6.2 Growth of Industries In Guntur.. ....................................................................................................................... 02-19
2.6.3 Industries by Type and Location.. .................................................................................................................... 02-19
2.6.4 Industrial Estates /Industrial Development areas.. ......................................................................................... 02-20
2.6.5 Commercial Activities by Type and Location.. ................................................................................................ 02-22
2.6.6 Impact of Industries on Urbanization.. ............................................................................................................. 02-22
2.6.7 Tertiary Sector Activities.. ................................................................................................................................. 02-22
2.6.8 Occupational Structure and its Dynamics.. ..................................................................................................... 02-23
2.7 Tourism and Heritage ....................................................................................................................................... 02-24
2.8 Municipal Administration And Delivery Of Services ........................................................................................ 02-25
2.9 Housing Scenario.............................................................................................................................................. 02-28
2.10 Slums And Squatter Settlements ..................................................................................................................... 02-28
2.10.1 Slum Improvement Schemes- BSUP and IHSDP… ....................................................................................... 02-31
2.11 Development Plan Of Guntur ........................................................................................................................... 02-31
2.12 Population Projections ...................................................................................................................................... 02-34
2.13 Land Cost In And Around The City .................................................................................................................. 02-35
2.14 Environment In The City ................................................................................................................................... 02-36
2.14.1 Existing Status.. ................................................................................................................................................ 02-36
2.14.2 Level of Pollution............................................................................................................................................... 02-37
2.14.3 Soil Conservation.. ............................................................................................................................................ 02-37
2.14.4 Causes of Environmental Deterioration.. ......................................................................................................... 02-37
Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | I

3. Water and Sanitation Services and Assessment of Environmental Sanitation............................................... 03-1

3.1 Distribution of Watsan Responsibility ................................................................................................................ 03-1
3.2 Status of Water Supply ....................................................................................................................................... 03-1
3.2.1 Source(s) of Water.............................................................................................................................................. 03-1
3.2.2 Water Supply in the GMC Area.......................................................................................................................... 03-2
3.2.3 City-Wide Status of Water Supply. .................................................................................................................... 03-6
3.2.4 On-going Augmentation Projects. .................................................................................................................... 03-10
3.3 Sanitation and Waste Water Management ...................................................................................................... 03-12
3.3.1 Household Sanitation in GMC Area.. ............................................................................................................... 03-12
3.3.2 Public and Community Toilets. ........................................................................................................................ 03-15
3.3.3 Access to Sanitation in Slums.. ........................................................................................................................ 03-23
3.3.4 Septage Management.. .................................................................................................................................... 03-27
3.3.5 Existing Sewerage System............................................................................................................................... 03-28
3.3.6 Demand-Supply Gap in Sewerage System..................................................................................................... 03-31
3.3.7 Service Levels in GMC Area.. .......................................................................................................................... 03-32
3.3.8 Key Issues.. ....................................................................................................................................................... 03-32
3.4 Storm Water Drainage ...................................................................................................................................... 03-33
3.4.1 Drainage In The City.. ....................................................................................................................................... 03-33
3.4.2 Drainage Service Levels.. ................................................................................................................................ 03-37
3.4.3 Proposed projects.. ........................................................................................................................................... 03-37
3.4.4 Key issues.. ....................................................................................................................................................... 03-41
3.5 Status of Municipal Solid Waste Management ................................................................................................ 03-41
3.5.1 Waste Generation.. ........................................................................................................................................... 03-44
3.5.2 Segregation of Waste.. ..................................................................................................................................... 03-44
3.5.3 Existing Waste Collection & Transportation System.. .................................................................................... 03-46
3.5.4 Handling of Plastic Waste.. .............................................................................................................................. 03-52
3.5.5 Waste Disposal and Treatment System.. ........................................................................................................ 03-53
3.5.6 Waste Management in Slum Areas.. ............................................................................................................... 03-56
3.5.7 On-going Augmentation in SWM. .................................................................................................................... 03-58
3.5.8 MSW Service Levels.. ...................................................................................................................................... 03-58
3.5.9 Key Issues and Concerns.. .............................................................................................................................. 03-59
4. Stakeholder Analysis & Community Repsonses on Sanitation and Municipal Services .............................. 04-1
4.1 Stakeholder Analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 04-1
4.1.1 Range and Type of Stakeholders.. .................................................................................................................... 04-1
4.1.2 Current State of Community Organization and Mobilization.. .......................................................................... 04-2
4.1.3 Guntur Municipal Corporation.. .......................................................................................................................... 04-2
4.1.4 Municipal Sanitary Workers.. ............................................................................................................................. 04-2
4.1.5 Educational Institutions....................................................................................................................................... 04-3
4.1.6 Media (Print and Visual) ..................................................................................................................................... 04-3
4.1.7 Guntur Market Association and Traders Association. ...................................................................................... 04-4
4.1.8 Hotels & Restaurants Association. .................................................................................................................... 04-4
4.1.9 NGOs, Trusts, Social and Religious Organisations in Guntur. ........................................................................ 04-4
4.1.10 Individuals. .......................................................................................................................................................... 04-5
4.2 Findings of FGDs and Individual Discussions at Various Locations of City .................................................... 04-5
4.2.1 Perceptions on Water Supply, Sanitation and SWM.. .................................................................................... 04-12
4.3 Findings of the Household Surveys ................................................................................................................. 04-24
4.4 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................................... 04-24
4.5 Stakeholder Participation ................................................................................................................................. 04-24
Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | II

5. Assessment of Institutional Arrangements - Water & Sanitation Services...................................................... 05-1

5.1 Existing Institutional Arrangements ................................................................................................................... 05-1
5.2 Guntur Munivipal Corporation ............................................................................................................................ 05-1
5.2.1 Governance Structure. ....................................................................................................................................... 05-1
5.2.2 Organization Structure........................................................................................................................................ 05-2
5.3 Key Institutional Issues ..................................................................................................................................... 05-10
6. Financial Assessment ............................................................................................................................................... 06-1
6.1 Financial Assessment of GMC ........................................................................................................................... 06-1
6.1.1 Municipal Income.. .............................................................................................................................................. 06-1
6.1.2 Municipal Expenditure. ....................................................................................................................................... 06-4
6.1.3 Capital Surplus/Deficit. ....................................................................................................................................... 06-5
6.1.4 Revenue Surplus/Deficit. .................................................................................................................................... 06-6
6.2 Key Financial Aspects and Issues at GMC ........................................................................................................ 06-7
7. Key Issues Affecting Environmental Sanitation in Guntur ................................................................................. 07-1
7.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................... 07-1
7.2 Issues Related to Water Supply......................................................................................................................... 07-2
7.3 Challenges in the Area of Sanitation ................................................................................................................. 07-2
7.4 Issues Related to Storm Water Drainage .......................................................................................................... 07-3
7.5 Challenges of Solid Waste Management .......................................................................................................... 07-4
7.6 Institutional Challenges ...................................................................................................................................... 07-5
7.7 Issues Related to Municipal Finance ................................................................................................................. 07-5
7.8 Issues Related to Stakeholder Analysis & Community Responses on Sanitation and Municipal Services .. 07-6
Appendices
Appendix 2.1: Population Projections for Guntur .............................................................................................................A1-A6
Appendix 2.2: List of Slums in Guntur ........................................................................................................................... A7-A11
Appendix 4.2: Findings of Household Surveys............................................................................................................. A12-A17
Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | III

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CAA Constitutional Amendment Act
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
CBO Community Based Organization
CBUD Capacity Building for Urban Development
CDP City Development Plan
CMO Chief Medical Officer
CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation
CSP City Sanitation Plan
CSTF City Sanitation Task Force
DCMO Deputy Chief Medical Officer
DPR Detailed Project Report
GIS Geographical Information System
GMC Guntur Municipal Corporation
GoI Government of India
HDC HaskoningDHV Consulting India Private Limited
IHTs Individual Household Toilets
JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
M&E Monitoring & Evaluation
MIS Management Information System
MLD Million Litres per Day
MoUD Ministry of Urban Development
NGO Non-Government Organization
NUSP National Urban Sanitation Policy
Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | iv

O&M Operations & Maintenance
ODP Outline Development Plan
PHED Public Health Engineering Department
PPP Public Private Partnership
RWA Residents Welfare Association
SHG Self Help Group
SLF Sanitary Landfill
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
SWM Solid Waste Management
TPD Tonnes per Day
ULB Urban Local Body
VGTM Vijayawada Guntur Tenali and Mangalgiri
Watsan Water & Sanitation
Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | v

1. INTRODUCTION
In line with the guidelines of the National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP), 2008 a number of cities
across the country have set out to develop Sanitation Plans for improvement of sanitation levels in their
respective areas. Under the Capacity Building for Urban Development Project (CBUD), which is being
implemented by the Ministry of Urban Development and the Ministry of Housing and Poverty Alleviation
with the assistance of the World Bank, in selected cities across the country are being facilitated with,
among, others, preparation of CSPs. One of the major objectives of the CSP is mainly to meet the goals of
Swachh Bharat Mission 2014, by offering a road map towards improvement of environmental sanitation
and quality of life of citizens of the city, thereby, complying with the National Urban Sanitation Policy
2008.The beautiful city of Guntur, in the state of Andhra Pradesh is one of the cities which are included
under the Project for preparation of the CSP.
To this effect, MoUD has appointed M/s HaskoningDHV Consulting Private Ltd. as the Consultants for the
assignment. This report represents the second deliverable from the Consultants for Guntur Municipal
Corporation (GMC) – the ULB for the city of Guntur. This report presents findings of the situation analysis
covering a range of subjects comprising but not limited to, status of infrastructure and services related to
water and sanitation, solid waste management, storm water drainage; general level of environmental
sanitation across the city; institutional and finance aspects related to all the service providers, etc. This is
an intermediate submission which is being made to GMC with the objective of taking forward the
discussion with the local stakeholders for identification of appropriate approaches and interventions which
can be implemented as part of the long-term City Sanitation Plan. Accordingly, as envisioned in the
approach of the assignment, this submission will be followed by the ‘Combined (Second/Third) Stakeholder
Consultation Workshop’ which will offer an opportunity to get feedback, validation of the findings and get
suggestions for possible interventions under the Plan.
1.1 Structure of the Report
Chapter 2 of the report presents a broad profile of Guntur and attempts to familiarise with the character of
the city and its boundary conditions. Chapter-3 presents a detailed analysis of the basic municipal services
- mainly water and sanitation in various parts of the city. Chapter-4 offers an analysis of the community
responses and diverse stakeholders and brings out perceptions and potential capacities from the other
side. Chapter-5 presents a detailed institutional analysis of the multiple service providers/ administrative
agencies in the city while Chapter-6 presents an analysis of their financial performance over the last 3-5
years. Finally, Chapter-7 recapitulates a set of key issues that emerge out of the rigorous analysis and
which need to be discussed with the City Sanitation Task Force (CSTF) and other stakeholders, based on
which, subsequent work on identification of interventions and development of the CSP will be carried out.
Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | 01-1

2. CITY PROFILE
2.1 Introductio n
Guntur, an administrative head quarters of the Guntur District was formed on the 1st October, 1904 after
bifurcating Krishna and Nellore Districts. The city has gained prominence in recent decade as it’s slated to
be part of “Twin Cities” combining the nearby Vijayawada. New capital city for Andhra Pradesh has been
proposed in the VGTM (Vijayawada Guntur Tenali and Mangalgiri) jurisdictions adding ample emphasis to
the city’s growth. Being the third most populous city in Andhra Pradesh after Vishakapatnam and
Vijayawada, the city is well known for its education, trade and commerce activies. City is famous for its
exports including chillies, cotton and tobacco.
2.2 Historical Background
The earliest recorded reference of Guntur comes from the Idern plates of Ammaraja I (922–929 CE), the
Vengi Chalukyan king. The city was founded in the mid-eighth century by the French who ruled the city
until it was ceded permanently to the British in 1788. French astronomer, Pierre Janssen observed
the Solar eclipse of 18 August 1868 and discovered helium, from Guntur in Madras State, British India. A
part of the city, which was once the small village of 'Ramachandrapuram Agraharam', is said to be much
older than Guntur as mentioned in an inscription from 1296 on a pillar in Mandapam of the
Lakshminarayana Swamy Temple.
The Sanskrit (ancient Vedic culture/tradition) name for Guntur was “Garthapuri”, a place surrounded by
water ponds (garta/gunta) as per the writings in the old Agastyeshwara-Sivalayam (temple of the old city).
There are inscriptions in the temple on stones in 'Naga Lipi' (an ancient script) dating back to about
1100 CE. It is considered one of the most famous temples in the city. It is said that Agastya built the temple
in the last Treta Yuga around the swayambhu linga and hence it has this name. The 'Nagas' were said to
have ruled the region at that time. The region has been historically known for Buddhism and the
first Kalachakra ceremony performed by Gautama Buddha himself. The place of Sitanagaram and the
Guttikonda caves are referred in the ancient texts (Vedic puranas) going back to the Treta
Yuga and Dwapara Yuga (Traditional time scale).
With the arrival of the Europeans the city attained national and international significance. The French
shifted their headquarters from Kondavid Fort to here in 1752, probably because of the ample availability of
water due to the two large tanks. This settlement formed the nucleus of the modern city.
The Nizams and Hyder Ali also ruled the city until it came under the British in 1788. It was made the
headquarters of a district named after it that was abolished in 1859, only to be reconstituted in 1904. The
city rapidly became a major market for agricultural produce from the surrounding countryside due to the
opening of the railway link in 1890.
The expansion continued post independence as well and was concentrated in what is now called "New
Guntur", with many urban areas such as Brodipet, Arandalpet and suburban areas like Pattabhipuram,
Chandramouli Nagar, Sita Rama nagar, Brindavan Gardens, etc. The timeline for various ruling dynasties
are presented below in the table.
Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | 02- 1

Table 2.1: Historical Timeline for Guntur

Ruling Dynasty Period
Andhra Sathavahana 225 B.C to 225 A.D
Pallavas 225 A.D to 540 A.D
Ikshavaku 540 AD to 610 A.D
Eastern Chalukyas 610 A.D to 1080 A.D
Cholas 1080 A.D to 1280 A.D
Kakatheeyas 1280 A.D to 1328 A.D
Kondaveedu Reddys 1328 A.D to 1427 A.D
Gajapathis 1427 A.D to 1516 A.D
Vijaya Nagar Kings 1516 A.D to 1565 A.D
Qutb Sahi Sultanate Of Golconda 1565 AD to 1687 AD
Mughals 1687 AD to 1750 AD
French 1750 AD to 1788 AD
East India Company 1788 AD to 1947 AD
Andhra Sathavahana 225 B.C to 225 A.D
Pallavas 225 A.D to 540 A.D
Ikshavaku 540 AD to 610 A.D
Eastern Chalukyas 610 A.D to 1080 A.D
Cholas 1080 A.D to 1280 A.D
Kakatheeyas 1280 A.D to 1328 A.D
Kondaveedu Reddys 1328 A.D to 1427 A.D
Gajapathis 1427 A.D to 1516 A.D
Vijaya Nagar Kings 1516 A.D to 1565 A.D
Qutb Sahi Sultanate Of Golconda 1565 AD to 1687 AD
Mughals 1687 AD to 1750 AD
French 1750 AD to 1788 AD
East India Company 1788 AD to 1947 AD
Exhibit 2.1: Index Map Of Guntur
Map of Andhra Pradesh Guntur District Map

City Map of Guntur

2.3 Location and Regional Linkages
Guntur is located at 16o18’ N Latitude and 80 o28’E Logitude and 40 miles to the west of the Bay of
Bengal on the east of coast of India. It has an average elevation nof 33m (108ft) and is situated on the
plains. The Krishna delta lies partly in the Guntur district. There are other smaller rivers and channels in
the region such as Guntur Channel, Chandravanka, Naagileru, Guntur Branch Canal etc.
With reference to the boundaries and extents of the Guntur district, it is bounded by Krishna and Nalgonda
Districts in the North, on the West by Prakasam and Mahaboobnagar districts, on the South by Prakasam
district, on the East by Krishna district and Bay of Bengal

2.3.1 Regional Importance
An important railway junction and an important commercial centre, besides the tourist attractions of the
city, Guntur is known for its rice and oil mills, cotton and tobacco curing barns. Endowed with a rich history,
Guntur has played a very important role in shaping the history and destiny of Andhra Pradesh in the past.
A centre for Buddhism in the early centuries, it is a place of many events and legends related to the
endeavors of a man to reach a supreme spiritual plane. Guntur still enjoys the status of being the cultural
and regional reserve of the times and is blessed with an abundance of Nature's blessings in the form of
serene hills, lush green valleys, mighty rivers and beautiful beaches. Today, Guntur is world renowned for
panoramic locales, delicious pickles and as a confluence of historical, religious and leisure destinations
that are of interest to everybody. Guntur is one of the prominent cities in the VGTM region (replaced as
Capital Regional Development Authority) and also surrounded by other prominent towns such as
Narasaraopet, Chilkuluripet, Sattenapalli, Ponnur. Exhibit 2.2 presents the important urban centres within a
vicinity of 50 kms from Guntur.
2.3.2 Connectivity
By Road: The city is well connected to all the major cities of the country through various national and state
highways. NH 5 that runs from Kolkata to Chennai, passes through city, is a part of Golden Quadrilateral
Project under taken by NHAI. This national highway is also a part of AH 45 which comes under the Asian
Highway Network. The Hyderabad – Nalgonda – Guntur SH 2 is a state highway connecting the state
capital with the city. It passes through Nagarjuna Sagar, a famous tourist destination. The city is served by
the state owned APSRTC buses. NTR Bus Terminus in the city is largest in the district, serving many
passengers to the nearby towns and districts.
Exhibit 2.2: Regional Setting of Guntur with Relative Location of Other Large and Medium Urban
Centres

Railway Connectivity: Guntur junction is one of the Divisional headquarters (Guntur division) and a major
transit point of the Indian Railways System. All four metro cities and most state capitals can be accessed
through this transit point. Proposed Greater Guntur would have the following stations: the Main Station
(near Arundelpet and Railpet) and the others at Nallapadu, University-Center (Namburu), New Guntur
(Reddipalem). Two other major transit points close to Guntur are: Tenali and Vijayawada with a future plan
of running suburban trains in the suburban region.
Airways: There is no airport in the city. However, the nearest International airport is at Hyderabad and the
nearest domestic airport is Vijayawada located at distance of 55km. With the recent developments towards
establishing capital city in Guntur District, soon this city can expect an international airport.
2.4 Physiograp hy
Guntur town is located at the point where the irrigated lands under Krishna Southern Canal system and dry
uplands of Guntur district begin. Unlike Vijayawada, in Guntur the land slopes from North-West to South-
East with an ideal gradient for drainage and water supply. The difference between the highest and the
lowest topographic level is about 21m. Average ground level above mean sea level is RL +30 m. There
are a few hills surrounding to the city.
The special feature of this town is the existence of several tanks which were once serving the town as the
main sources of the water supply. However rapid urbanizaiton has taken a toll on the existence of water
bodies. As in the case of Vijayawada, the Railway line devides the town into two halves. Almost all recent
extensions of the town are in the West and North-West region beyond the Railway line. The National
Highway 5 passes precisely through the highly developed parts of the town.
2.4.1 Climate
As per Köppen-Geiger climate

classification system the climate in Guntur
is tropical. The average temperature is
warm to hot year round. The summer
season (especially during May/June) has
the highest temperatures, but these are
usually followed by summer monsoon
rains. The winter season (from October to
February) is the most enjoyable with a
pleasant climate. Winter months feature
more rainfall than summer but there are dry
spells during the winter season. The
rainiest month is July. The average annual temperature is 28.5 C and annual rain fall is about 905 mm.
Rain storms and hurricanes are common in the region during the rainy season, which starts with the
monsoons in early June. Hurricanes occassionally come about throughout the year, but occur more
ordinarily between May and November.
2.4.2 Humidity & W ind Direction:
The atmospheric humidity in the region around Guntur ranges from 63% to 81%. The maximum humidity
is observed during the month of September. This is due to the fact that by the end of August this region
would have received considerable rains and all the tanks will be full and rivers and streams will be flowing
in rapids.
These vast water sheets make the atmospheric humidity in the region as high as 81%. In the dry and hot
months of April and May when almost all the tanks and water resources are dry, the maximum humidity will
be only about 63%.For the purposes of studying the orientation of buildings and human settlements, it is
necessary to study the characteristics of wind direction during all seasons of the year. The entire hot humid

region covered by the Coramandal coast has two seasons:1) Warm season between October and March &
2) Hot season between April and September.
Exhibit 2.3: Average Temperature & Rainfall in Guntur
Source: http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Guntur-weather-averages/Andhra-Pradesh/IN.aspx
Note: The data for charts above are taken from year 2000 to 2012.
It has no cold seasons. The atmosphere is generally humid. Therefore, the orientation of the buildings for
wind becomes necessary. During the hottest months of April and May, the wind for most of days is South
and South-West, in the early hours, of the day and from South-East to North-West in the evening hours. In
the warm months of October to March, the wind flots from North East in the early hours of the day and
mostly from South-East and East in the evening hours. To get over the stuffiness in buildings in this host
humid region, the buildings should be wind oriented. Gond draught in the rooms in the early mornings and
evening are necessary during the hot months of April to September. Therefore, it is better to prefer the
Orientation of Buildings in East to South-West Direction.
2.4.3 GroundW ater Status
Guntur city is underlain by fringe of the Archaeans. The ground water is developed in slaty phyllites by dug,
dug-cum bore wells and few bore wells. The general depth of wells varies from 3 to 25m bgl, with moderate
to very poor yields ranging between 10 to 70 cum/day. The depth to water table range from 0.4 to over
7.0m bgl, but in phyllites and slates, it varies from 4 to 15 m bgl. The general yield of wells ranges from 20

to 80 cum/day, with exceptions in the highly fractured locations. The rocks of Upper Gondwanas occur as
isolated out - crops in the eastern part of the district, viz., around Mutkuru, Sangam, Jagarlamudi and
Kolkalur areas. The Gondwana formations are of fluviatile or lacustrine origin and also contain intercalated
marine sediments, suggesting the marine transgression.
The ground water occurs in confined conditions. The shales overlying the sandstone act as the confining
medium. The ground water is tapped by means of dug wells, dug-cum-bore wells and bore wells. The
depth to water ranges from 2.20 to 10.60 m bgl and the depth of dug wells varies between 5.50 and 18.50
m bgl. The tube wells in the area range in depth from 40.0 to 75.0 m bgl, with yield ranges from 28 to 1300
lpm for drawdowns of 8.0 to 15.0m. The quality of ground water in these formations at some places is
found to be brackish otherwise; in general, it is good for potable purposes. Variation of water table across
the Guntur District is depicted in Exhibit 2-4.
Long term water level study by CGWB indicates that, there is a perceptible rise in the water levels from
June/July onwards till December every year. Then the water levels fall from December onwards till May.
Just after the onset of monsoon (from June) to March of the following year due to release of canal water in
different irrigation commands in the district and between middle of March to May/June, the canal water is
stopped. Net annual ground water availability found to be 2734 Ha.M. The grond water quality in the city in
general is suitable for both drinking and irrigation purposes.
Exhibit 2.4: Depth of Groundwater Table in Guntur District (Pre & Post-Monsson)
Pre-Monsoon Post-Monsoon
Source: 2013 Ground Water Brouchure of Guntur District by CGWB
2.4.4 Soil Characteristics
Soil profile is important from the points of view of on-site sanitation, drainage as well as sewerage and
decentralised treatment of sewage. In this respect, broadly soils in the Guntur City can be classified as
Black Cotton, Red loamy and sandy loam. A ridge of red soil with laterite gravel, runs towards the east
from the last layer of the Kondaveedu Hill range and ends in a batch of grity sand stone. At this spot the
city of Guntur is situated and from the end of this edge the soil falls away to black cotton soil and alluvium
with considerable slope.
The surface soil is gravity in the Western sector. The area within the ring road has black soil with
gravel. The sub-stratum consists of lime stone mixed with gravel from depths varying from 6 to 10 feet. In
the suburbs of the city, the lime stone is quarried for manufacture of lime for building and industry. The
brick clay is also available along the City's Eastern Bboundaries. The soil in Old Guntur is Black Cotton
and this type of soil is unfit for building without proper foundation. The same black cotton soil is also seen
in the Northern parts of the town also. Ideally, lateritic and alluvial soils are suitable for on-site sanitation as
they are well drained and can enable dissipation of wastewater / leachate into the ground.

2.4.5 Flooding
The city is located around 64Km (40miles) to the west of the Bay of Bengal on the East coast of India and
has a general topography of around +45.00 m on NW side to around +17.00m on S-E side. The study area
drains with River Krishna and its tributaries such as other smaller rivers and channels in the region (Guntur
Channel, Chandravanka, Naagileru, and Guntur Branch Canal etc). Many areas on the southern and
eastern sides get flooded/ inundated during medium to high intensity rains. There are about five major out
fall drains namely; Peekalavagu, Nandivelugu drain, Suddapalli donka drain, Budampadu drain and
Kankaragunta drain. All the above drains cross the NH5 bye pass at different chainages and if all these are
properly desilted and maintained with proper cross sections, most of the flood discharge can be taken care
of.
2.4.6 W ater Bodies in Guntur
The word “Guntur” translates as “The Village of Tanks”. The City hosts large number of water tanks which
once were used for drinking water purposes. Most of the villages recently adhered to the city have village
level tanks utilized for various domestic purposes. As per the Guntur Zonal Development Plan, water
bodies account for about 50 ha in the city, representing 3.68% of the developed area and 0.91% of the
total area. Most of the lakes located in the inner city have been diminishing due to large scale
developmental activities. With regard to the lakes located in the villages, though they still preserve their
nature, are vulnerable due to the rapid urbanization in the city. The list of lakes in Guntur and its vicinities
are presented in below table
Table 2.2: Details of Water Bodies in Guntur
Sl. Location Extent as Present Encroachments Remarks
No. per T.S. Extent Extent
Record (in (in Acres) (in Acres)
Acres)
1 Gaddipadu pond 10.00 8.66 1.34 Ineer Ring Road 80ft formed &
weaker section people constructed
houses
2 Chinnerukunta 3.82 2.72 1.10 Partly house sites & formed 40ft
wide G.M.C road
3 Bandi vari kunta 2.72 2.72 - Tank with water
4 Ponnuru road kunta 4.52 4.52 - Proposed for Fish,fruit, Vegatable
Market & Dumping yard
5 Red tank 16.35 4.50 11.85 Civil Supply godowns,kolli sarada

(nandivelugu road) whole sale market etc allotted by
Revenue Department
6 Nallacheruvu 131.13 7.07 124.06 House sites pattas issued by the
Tahsildar & partly encroachment
houses
7 Tank 10.00 10.00 - Vacant,Gross field
(near suryadeva (Board fixed)
estate (uda road))
8 Chuttugunta 5.74 4.34 1.40 Partly G.T road, cover with C.C
(vallappakunta) Roads & Temple
(endowments)
9 Chakalikunta 1.08 0.76 0.32 Weaker section people encroached
and constructed houses
(Board fixed)
10 Tank 2.40 2.40 - Vacant
(suddapalli donka) (Board fixed)


Acres)
11 Tank 1.60 0.00 1.60 Board fixed
( ponnur road)
12 Anandapeta cheruvu 1.92 0.00 1.92 Totally encroached by the weaker
section people and constructed
houses
13 Red tank 25.25 3.00 22.25 Land allotted by the revenue
(ponnur road) authorities B.R Stadium & Municipal
water works fire station Etc pattas
issued for weaker section people
14 Tank 39.07 39.07 - N.T.R manasasarovaram developed
nandivelugu raod as park an exent of 28.85 A.c &
Takkelapadu head water works
scheme,
15 Nethaji nagar pond 14.14 2.00 12.14 House sites pattas issued by the
Tahsildar
16 Gujjanagundla pond 4.68 1.81 2.87 House sites pattas issued by the
Tahsildar
17 Koritepadu pond 19.94 12.10 7.84 House sites pattas issued by the
Tahsildar
18 Pichikalagunta pond 16.48 - 16.48 Partly House sites patta issued by
the Tahsildar and Un-authorised
encroachments
19 Chandra bhanudi 5.03 5.03 - Vacant
kunta (Board fixed)
20 Rakshita manchiniti 54.33 - Encroached by Provided with 3 sides bund
padhakam Vigneswara Swamy
budampadu temple, Panchayat
Office, Nandi
Foundation water
plant, Venkaiah
Swamy Temple
water tank and
permanent building
of G.F.+2 upper
floors (partly)
Chereddy Nehru,
S/o.Surya Narayana
to an extent of A.c
2.00 and 3 sides
bund
21 Tank (drinking water 5.90 - Krishna Temple to Protected with bund
cheruvu) bonthapadu an extent of 0.10
cents
22 Sithapathi rao darma 36.98 - 1.Panchayat Office Protected with 3 sides tank bund
cheruvu, 2.Temple, Library
etukuru 3.Krishna Temple
4.Kanaka Durga
Temple
5.A.c sheet & RCC
structure to an area
of A.c 2.5 cents


Acres)
23 Errasu kunta 1.84 - Nil -
prathipadu road
etukuru
24 Kunta, 0.28 - Nil Nil
etukuru
25 Cheruvu 15.27 - Anjaneya Swamy Fenced with barbed wire
etukuru Temple to an area of
0.2 cents
26 Kunta 1.62 - Nil Nil
etukuru
27 Ankireddypalem tank 17.14 - 1.Sri Ambica sameta Partly protected with barbed wire
Umamaheswara fencing
Swamy Temple &
Chowltry
A.c 0.74 cents
2. Roads
A.c 2.00 cents
28 Pedda cheruvu, 168.37 - Pothuramma Thalli Protected with Tank bund
potturu Temple at area of
0.4 cents
29 Junam chunduru 53.68 - Vacant -
cheruvu
chowdavaram
30 Bangaraiah cheruvu 8.97 - - Total land cultivitation
chowdavaram
31 Panta cheruvu 124.75 - 3 water tanks Under control of R.W.S. wing
chowdavaram 1 filter bed
32 Cheruvu (tank) 8.44 - Nil Vacant
nallapadu
33 Cheruvu (tank) 16.21 - - -
pedapalakaluru
34 Cheruvu (tank) 9.36 - Temple+Tank+Water -
pedapalakaluru Works & Hut
35 Cheruvu (tank) 8.90 - - -
pedapalakaluru
36 Cheruvu (tank) 3.90 - - Vacant
pedapalakaluru
37 Cheruvu (tank) 0.91 - DK Patta -
pedapalakaluru (Assignment)
38 Cheruvu (tank) 25.01 - A.c 7.00 -
pedapalakaluru Substation,
Encroachments
court pending
39 Cheruvu (tank) 9.42 - A.c 9.42 -
pedapalakaluru Houses, Burrial
ground,
Tokavaripalem B.T.
Road
40 Cheruvu (tank) 3.31 - A.c 3.31 Houses -
gorantla


Acres)
41 Cheruvu (tank) 16.70 - A.c 11.00 Houses -
gorantla
42 Cheruvu (tank) 0.46 - - -
gorantla
43 Cheruvu (tank) 41.52 - - -
gorantla
44 Cheruvu (tank) 1.20 - - -
gorantla
45 Cheruvu (tank) 2.45 - - -
gorantla
46 Cheruvu (tank) 16.93 - A.c 16.93 -
gorantla
47 Cheruvu (tank) 16.70 - A.c 14.70 -
gorantla
48 Cheruvu (tank) 15.44 - A.c 11.00 -
gorantla Panchayat Office
R.C.C. Building
A.C. Sheet sheds
49 Reddypalem tank 30.41 - 1.Overhead Tank Two sides Tank bund
reddypalem 2. Sivalayam Temple
to an extent of A.c
55
50 Reddypalem tank 3.34 - - -
reddypalem
Exhibit 2.5: Water Bodies across Guntur


Map 2.1: Water Bodies in Guntur

2.5 Demographic Cha racteristics
Demographics play a key role in the development of any master plan. A complete demographic analysis
involves quantifying of the data, analyzing trends of that data, identifying particular needs, and then making
projections. Therefore, the review has been carried out to analyze population trends of Guntur and its
constituent areas. This information can then be used to pinpoint the needs of certain populations and is
essential in building projections and decisions based on those needs.
2.5.1 Guntur Growth and Trend
Guntur city is third most populous city in Andhra Pradesh and holds 5% of the urban population of Andhra
Pradesh and 44% of the district urban population. The city has gained its prominence over the decades for
its commerce and trade activities and is certain to play a phenominal role in growth of Andhra Pradesh as
the new capital chosen for Andhra Pradesh is only approximately 50 km from the city.
Administrative boundaries and the status have played a major role in the city’s growth and it is important to
understand the same, before evaluating the population growth of the city. The city was given the status of
municipality in 1866 with a population of 25,000 and the first elected body was constituted in 1881. The city
was upgraded from IIIrd grade municipality to IInd grade in 1891, IInd grade to Ist grade in 1917, Ist grade to
special grade in 1952, from special grade to selection grade in 1960, from selection grade to Municipal
Corporation in 1994 and the first election for the Municipal corporation was held in 1995. Population in
Guntur is growing steadily from 1961 onwards. In the year 1971, Guntur had a population of 2.6 lakhs
which eventually grew upto approximately 5.14 lakh in 2001 with an average decadal growth of 24% and
CAGR of 2.21%. As of 2011 Census of India, the city had reached to a population of 6,47,508 with the
decadal growth rate of 26%.
Table 2.3: Population Growth Pattern in GMC

Year Population Decadal growth CAGR Area Density/Ha
1971 269991 30.01 89.97
1981 367699 36.19 3.1% 30.01 122.53
1991 471051 28.11 2.5% 45.71 103.05
2001 514461 9.22 0.9% 45.71 112.55
2011 647508 25.86 2.3% 45.71 141.66
12011 (After Merger) 743357 44.00 3.8% 159.46 46.62
Exhibit 2.6: Population Growth in GMC area
7,00,000
6,47,508
6,00,000
5,00,000 5,14,461
4,71,051
Population
4,00,000
3,67,699
3,00,000
2,69,991
2,00,000
1,00,000
Population
-
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Year
1
Includes 10 villages merged with GMC limits in 2013. The total village population which got added is 98,585.
Drawing an inference from Table 2-3, the city has witnessed tremendous growth during 1967-81 due to
rapid growth in agriculture and related activities in the harvests tobacco and chillies. Certain growth in this
period also can be contributed from the establishment of Indian Tobaco Board with headquarters in Guntur
and Acharya Nagarjuna University campus in the cities vicinity. The growth inbetween 1981-1991 could be
the result of cities expansion with adjacent villages. The decrease in rate of growth during the decade
1991-2001 can be attributed to the natural growth of the city without any in-migration. Increase in industrial
activities, education and trade activities in the city resulted in a significantly greater growth by the decade
2001-11. Table 2-4 indicates the compositon of growth for past two decades.
Table 2.4: Composition of Growth in Guntur

Composition 1981-91 % of total 1991-2001 % of total
Natural Increase 88039 24.94% 83239 17.67%
In-migration 15313 4.17% -42297 -8.97%
Total Increase 103352 29.11% 40942 8.70%
Source: Zonal Development Plan – Guntur
The city limits have been expanded very recently with an annexure of 10 villages namely Pedapalakaluru,
Gorantala and Nagaralu, Nallapadu, Ankireddypalem, Etukuru, Pothuru, Chowdavaram, Badampadu,
Adavitakkellapadu and Reddypalem. The population of GMC with the merger has been escalated to
7,43,357.
2.5.2 Density & Spatial Distribution Pattern:
The city is divided into 62 wards from the earlier 52 wards and the area after merging the 10 adjacent
villages is 159.46 Sq.Km. The average density of the city is high, with 141 persons/ha before the merger
of villages. The merger has reduced the average density to 46 persons/ha. However, inner parts of the
city, explicitly wards 20th, 21st, 25th, 31st and 35th wards exhibit a high density of 300 to 500 persons/ha.
The city is known for its services, industries, trade and commerce. And hence, it is essential to understand
the spatial distribution of population to plan the facilities accordingly.
Residential Use:
Predominant residential areas in the city are Seetharam nagar, Thimma reddy Nagar, Vinobha Nagar,
Anandapet, Nehru Nagar, Buchaiah Thota, Vidya Nagar, Chandramouli Nagar, Sreenivasarao Thota,
Venugopal Nagar, A.T. Agraharam, Cobaldpet, Laxmipuram, Syamala Nagar, Bank Colony,
Venkataramana Colony, Nalla Cheruvu, Gandhi Nagar and the core village settlements. However it is
interesting to note that all these areas are spread across all the wards in the city.
Commercial Areas:
The major commercial areas are located in the western part of the city. This area consists of numerous
wholesale and retail commercial activities catering to the city and its hinterland. The commercial use
includes shopping, banking, institutions, warehouses, markets, cinema theatres and the like. The
commercial units of recent origin located in the northern and southern parts along Mangalagiri road,
Sreenivasarao thota and Chuttugunta. The “Old Guntur” area on the east is congested from the ever-
increasing inflow of traders necessitating redevelopment of the commercial and shopping activities in this
area.All the commercial activities are situated in Old Guntur, Kothapet, Brodipet, Arundelpet, Patnam
Bazar, Bus Stand, Collectorate road, Station road, Naaz Center, Vidya Nagar, Laxmipuram, Vegetable

Market, Fruit Market, retail and wholesale commercial activities are located in Patnam Bazaar and Old
Guntur near the Municipal Office.
Industrial Use
Guntur has served as a marketing and distribution center for agricultural produce for a long time. Thus, the
earliest industries of this city have been processing units of rice, pulses, oil seeds and the like.
Consequently, there have been no large-scale industries in the region. Planned development of industries
was envisaged in the five-year plans and these are being established of late. Being an important
commercial center for tobacco, chillies and cotton, numerous cold storages plants have been constructed
for their storage. Small-scale industries and agro-based industries like rice mills, oil mills are located in the
residential areas of the city and along some main roads. To encourage industrial developments, industrial
area has been notified (Auto Nagar) within the city limits.
Public and Semi Public

This category of land includes all the educational and health institutions, government Offices, Municipal
offices, offices of the other local authorities and other public institution like temples, churches and
mosques. Most of these are found in Collectorate road, Chuttu Gunta, Nagaram Palem and Kothapet, as
Guntur is an important junction in the rail network, railway offices occupy a large area within the town.
Institutional
Guntur is an important educational center with a number of arts colleges, institutes of technical education,
and a medical and dental college. There are many residential colleges to cater to the needs of the students
up to intermediate level of education. Guntur Municipal Corporation maintains 86 primary schools, 18
upper primary schools and 10 high schools. Regarding health care, there is a Government General
Hospital, 3 Ayurvedhic dispensaries, 3 Unani dispensaries and 2 Homeopathic dispensaries besides about
250 private hospital and nursing homes offering specialized care. Guntur Municipal Corporation
constructed 9 Urban Health Centers in slum areas in 2001 to provide medical facilities to the economically
weaker sections.
2.5.3 Floating Population
Guntur city is also called, city of spices and has Asia’s largest market for red chillies. City is also a major
commercial centre for tobacco and cotton products which signifies establishment of Indian Tobaco Board
headquarters in the city and several small to medicum textile industries in the city surroundings. The
“Patnam Bazar” which is centred in the city is famous for its wholesale market of many consumer goods for
the entire region.
Guntur city from the intial setup has been forefront for the educational and medical activities. City hosts
one of the premier institutes in Andhra especially Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur Medical College
and various private educational and medical institutions.
All the features attract major floating population into the city. Interactions with the municipal officials,
doctors, eminent people across the societies and business people in the Patnam Bazar indicates that on
an average 15000 to 20000 people visit city on day to day basis from across all the corners of the district
and adjacent districts. However, during the peak seasons of Chilli, Tobacco and Cotton as per estimates
of local residents it is understood to be as high as 50,000, which has also been validated in the City
Development Plan for Guntur-2041.
With the recent announcement of capital city in the Guntur District, city expected to have much more
footfalls from across the country and international destinations. It is essential to plan the facilities for such
large chunk of floating population to cater the demand. The floating population projections till the year 2046
has been presented in Exhibit 2.7 below.

Exhibit 2-7: Floating Population Projections for GMC
2.5.4 Sex Ratio
It can be inferred that Guntur city has one of the highest sex ratios in the state of Andhra Pradesh,
recording a rate of 1019 females per 1000 males. It also is higher than the national and district averages
which are 943 and 1003 respectively. The city has witnessed a marginal increase from 1000 to 1016 in the
sex ratio during the decade, 2001-11. The higher sex ratio may indicate a progressive social fabric in the
city. However, the sex ratio in the age group 0-6 shows a rate of 962 females per 1000 males. And about 9
percent of the total population is under the age six.
Table 2.5: Details of Sex Ratio
Year Guntur City Guntur Urban Guntur District AP Urban AP State India
2001 1000 992 984 965 978 933
2011 1016 1018 1003 984 992 940
Source: Census of India
2.5.5 Literacy
As per the census data of 2011, the city of Guntur, records a rather higher literacy rate of 81.11%, owing to
its reputation as a regional educational hub. It also overthrows the state of A.P and the national urban
average literacy rates. The city also witnessed a record increase in its average literacy rates, with 75% in
2001 and 81% in 2011. Nevertheless, the literacy rates among males are higher, in comparision to the rate
among females, despite having a higher sex ratio.

Table 2.6: Literacy Rate in Guntur

2011 Total Literacy Male Female
Guntur Distict 67.4 74.79 60.09
Guntur City 81.11 86.28 76.04
AP State 67.02 74.88 59.15
AP Urban 80.09 85.79 74.35
In this context, it is noteworthy to mention that, a high literacy rate is taken as an index of a progressive
society, which could be characterised by, among others, higher levels of education; and awareness,
concern and commitment towards environmental sanitation, which could be linked to the desire for a better
quality of life. This is also evident from the quality of discussions that our teams had with the municipal
corporators in Guntur in comparison to what one typically comes across in other cities in the country.
Accordingly, in the context of the CSP, this setting is deemed to offer an opportunity to make rapid
improvements in the areas of urban sanitation.
2.5.6 W ork f orce and Dependent population
In Guntur city, the workers participation ratio is less, when compared to state and district workers ratio.
While it hovers around 46% and 49% for the state and district respectively, it is only 35% is the Guntur
corporation.
Table 2.7: Comparision of Work Force
% of Change in
Place 2001 WPR 2011 WPR
WPR
Andhra Pradesh 34865117 45.79 41246126 46.61 0.82
Guntur District 2185696 49.05 2381624 48.73 0.33
GMC (Before Merger) 178605 34.88 241662 37.32 2.44
Source: Census, 2011
The workforce is classified into main and marginal workers. Due to high participation of females in the
workforce, Andhra Pradesh is one of the states where it is registered higher WPR in 2011. However, in
case of Guntur city the WPR found to be poor due to less females participation with merely 18.1%. The
WPR in Guntur city found to be 37.2% in 2011 which has been increased marginally by 2.4% from 2001.
However, the WPR of the city is way lesser than the state and district levels which are 46.61% and 48.73%
respecitvelly for the year 2011.
Table 2.8: Distribution of workers in GMC
Description 2001 2011

Workers Male Female Total % Male Female Total %
Main Workers 131492 29249 160741 31.4 172190 49605 221795 34.3
Marginal Workers 10369 7495 17864 3.5 10081 9786 19867 3.1
Non-Workers 114812 218576 333388 65.1 138449 267397 405846 62.6
TOTAL POPULATION 256673 255320 511993 100 320720 326788 647508 100
Source: Census 2011 and GMC
There were 178605 workers and 333388 non-workers as per 2001 census in Guntur city. During 2001 to
2011, main workers participation has increased from 31.4% to 34.3% where as marginal workers
participation has reducted to 3.1% from 3.5%.

2.6 Local Economy
The economy of the town is primarily depending upon the secondary and tertiary sectors. However, the
region is very rich in agriculture products.
Farming & Vegetation:
The outskirts of the city is mainly based on agriculture with the River Krishna flowing a few miles away, the
farmlands and paddy fields grow wide variety of paddy, food grains, and other crops. The Guntur Branch
Canal (GBC) and other smaller rivers serve water to the farmlands in the region.
2.6.1 Industrial Development
Industry is an indication of the economic stability of any country. Prior to independence, our country was
not having any major industry, excepting those of rice and oil mills, cotton mills, cement factories, sugar
mills and few iron and steel works. Some of the consumer industries were also located in urban areas is
order to cope with the demand of the increasing population concentrated in those places and also as
better transportation facilities to distribute the finished products to other centers area available there, Thus,
the spread of small-scale industries had increasingly reached the urban areas in the beginning. With the
growth of industry and employment opportunities in towns, migration of people from the rural areas to
towns resulted which is seen in the rapid growth of cities and towns.
Planned development of industries has been envisaged in the various five year plans. There are no such
big factories located in Guntur or any other part of the state except in Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam. But
the agro-based industries in the private sector have developed on their own in and around the city.
2.6.2 Growth of Industries In Guntur
Guntur city serves as a marketing center for agricultural produce from its vast rural hinterland. Accordingly,
the earliest industries of this city have been the processing units of rice, pulses, oil seeds and the like
Guntur is also a very important commercial center for tobacco, chilies, and cotton with a large marketing
yard. The city is the headquarters for the All India Tobacco Board and Cotton Board. Adding to its well-
established importance as a marketing center, several industries have come up in the Industrial Estate and
Auto Nagar. Several cold storage plants operate in and around Guntur for storage of chillies, vegetables
and tobacco. The District Industrial Centre (DIC) has been active in promoting and establishing industrial
activity in the region.
2.6.3 Industries by Type and Location
Almost all the industries are located within the city limits. The workers are mainly engaged in tobacco
factories, mirchi yards and textile mills and in cotton industries close to the Municipal boundary. It has a
few large-scale industries, one industrial estate and four Auto Nagars. It also has around 1500 small-scale
industries dealing in tobacco and chillies or rice mills, flourmills, oil mills, saw mills, printing presses and
other service industries. It is home to the largest Tobacco Board in Asia and besides has a big chilli yard,
which serves the entire state.
Tobacco-based activities are concentrated on either side of Guntur-Mangalagiri road while chilly-based
activities are concentrated on either side of Guntur-Chilukaluripet road. Service industries like flourmills
and coffee grinders and rice hullers are spread all over the city. These serve the residents of the city. The
automobile repairs and servicing units are concentrated along the important roads of the city and, the
printing presses are located in the shopping streets. In fact, the industrial units have become a part of
shopping centers, which are located in most of residential areas. To encourage industrial developments,
industrial area has been notified (Auto nagar) within the city limits.

2.6.4 Industrial Estates /Industrial Development areas:
There are 1 Industrial Estate, 3 Auto-nagar and 1 Shopping Complex in the Guntur city.
Table 2.9: Industrial Estate in the City - IDA
Extent of land No. of No. of Sheds No. of allotted

Industrial Area/
S.No
Estates In acres Plots
Plots Sheds
1 IDA, Guntur. 39.09 164 12 160 12
Table 2.10: Industrial estates in Auto Nagar

Area/Extent of No. of Plots No. of Sheds No. of allotted
S.No Industrial Estates land
In acres Plots Sheds
1 Phase I & II 105.47 664 - 636 -

2 Phase III 46.22 183 32 183 32
3 Phase IV 91.27 91.27 1402 - 1038
TOTAL 242.96 938.27 1434 819 1070
Large Scale Industries:
There are 5 large-scale industries in Guntur. Table 2.11 shows the existing large scale industries with the
activity, production and workers
Table 2.11: Large Scale Industries in GMC
Production Production
Investment No. of
Sl.No Name Activity Qty. tons per value Rs in
Rs. In lakhs Workers
year lakhs
1 Bajrang jute mills Jute twine
1064 17950 4487 320
limited
2 Apex solutions pvt. Computer soft ware
148.51 183 135
ltd.
3 Virat crane Fruit Masala,
371.44 540 955.13 270
industries ltd. Freshka
4 V.S.Engineering pvt Prestressed
192 144000 211.60 110
ltd. Concrete Sleepers
5 Kallam spinning Cotton yarn
1255 691.20 587.52 140
mills ltd.
TOTAL 975
Source: General Manager, Dist. Industries center, Guntur
Small Scale Industries:
There are 18 Large and Medium scale industries in Guntur. Table 2.12 provides the existing Large and
Medium scale industries, activity, production and workers in each industry.

Table 2.12: Small Scale Industries in GMC

Production
Investment Production No. of
Sl.No Name Activity value Rs. in
Rs.in Lakhs Qty. tons Workers
lakhs
1 Marshal computer Computer sheets
73.60 1571 74
forms
2 Laxmi industries Moulded Plastic Product 58 210 81.90 38
3 Neohygenic Rubber products
45 60 70.80 35
Packaging
4 Bhasyam Off set printing
30 - 80 40
Publishers
5 Laxmi Sai Dhal Pulses - all kinds
8 1300 208 56
Producers
6 Sri Swasthic Dall Pulses - All Kinds
8 1560 329.40 64
Mill
7 Polisetty Tobacco Drying and
Somasundaram Processing 8 1800 630 72
Tobacco Exports
8 Sri Jayalakshmi Tobacco Drying and
5 8400 178 50
Tobacco co.ltd. Processing
9 Polisetty Tobacco Drying and
Somasundaram Processing 7 1200 420 55
Ltd.
10 Bharathi Soap Soaps and Detergents
0.07 780 63.70 30
Works
11 Mercury Cable Cables and Wires
2.76 1620000 690.30 65
industries
12 Vejetha Off set printing
62.4 - 1.8 15
Publications pvt ltd.
13 Essel Soft Ware Software Development
and Services 44.05 - 15 25
Limited
14 Madhala Industries Computer Cartridge and
78.15 - 2735.25 80
Corban Paper
15 Plastic Home Plastic Injection
73.90 360 180 40
Moulding
16 Aamodhaya Printing Of News Papers
81.00 864 3234 80
publications (p) ltd.
17 Jaya Home Pipes Concrete Pipes 52.68 4500 675 50
18 Tagore Modern Rice Milling
15
Raw Rice Mill
Total 884
Source: General Manager, Dist.Industries Center, Guntur.
Registered HH industries:
The number of registered factories to remained around 770 during 1999 to 2002. (Table 2.13)
Table 2.13: No. of registered factories and workers in
Year No. Of factories No. Of workers

1999-2000 771 27251
2000-2001 759 26012
2001-2002 770 26499
2011-2012* 820 28526
Source: Dy.Chief Inspector of Factories, Guntur & *RHDHV Estimates

2.6.5 Commercial Activit ies by Type and Location
Guntur is the major commercial centre for the surrounding villages and towns. Major commercial activities
in Guntur city are mainly concentrated along the B.R.Stadium road leading to Pattabhi puram via Municipal
office, and another one is Bunglow road leading to Koritepadu, S.V.N.Colony via Brodipet, Arundel pet
which are the major commercial areas in the city. The major commercial areas in the city are Kothapet,
Brodipet, Arandelpet, Patnam bazaar, Bus stand area, Collectorate road and surrounding streets located in
center of the city i.e., Station road, Naaz center, Old Guntur, Vidya nagar and Laxmipuram. Major
commercials in these areas are wholesale and retails in textile, kirana, vegetables, fruits, hotels, general
stores, cookery, medical shops and stationeries, etc.
2.6.6 Impact of Industries on Urbanization
Urbanization is the natural and inevitable out - come of industrialization in any city, town or region. Once an
area is industrialized, it gets urbanized and rural life based on agriculture becomes secondary.
Industrialization of Guntur began with the growth of the city in the decade starting in 1941.
Guntur started growing with the agglomeration of tobacco industries in the region. As land suitable for
industries was not available in Guntur, the nearby villages became sites of industries causing ribbon
development of industries along the major lines of communication. The textile mills at Pedakakani and
tobacco industries in Mangalagiri are a few examples of such development.
With the growth of industries, population increased and simultaneously the commercial and socio-cultural
facilities serving the growing population increased. Growth of traffic and transportation, increase in the
number of schools and colleges and the comprehensive water supply and drainage schemes in the last
three decades is the direct result of the industrialization and consequent urbanization of the city.
Establishment of industries has a significant impact on the surrounding land values which rather
automatically go up.
2.6.7 Tertiary Sector Activities
Tertiary activities are concentrated in and around the central business district i.e. market area, Patnam
Bazaar, Kothapet, Arandelpet, Brodipet and Collectorate road. Fruit vendors, cobblers, grocers, and
hawkers comprise the tertiary sector activities.
Trade and Commerce

Timber, edible oil and stainless steel are the goods imported in Guntur while tobacco, chillies, lemon,
paddy, turmeric, brass utensils, pump sets and soaps are exported. There are 59 cold storages in Guntur
to store agricultural produce from the rural hinterland. Table below lists the existing cold storages, which
are used by farmers to store their produce.
Market Yard
The “Guntur Market Committee” was constituted in 1939 under the Madras Commercial Crops Act 1933 for
the prime purpose of regulation of tobacco trade in Guntur district. The market yard is located 5km from
the heart of Guntur, extending over 20 hectares and has two national highways on either side of it – the
Guntur-Chennai highway on the north and the Guntur-Nagarjuna Sagar highway on the south
Arrivals and Sales of Commodities

During the chilly season, huge loads arrive from all over the state at Guntur. The details of arrivals and
prices for the last four years are as in Table 2.14

Table 2.14: Arrivals and Prices of Chillies

Prices in Rupees
Year Arrivals in Qtls.
Min Max
2001-2002 19,28,443 1300/- 4050/-
2002-2002 21,29,401 1400/- 4200/-
2003-2004 23, 15,817 800/- 4500/-
2004-2005 10, 21,158 500/- 3000/-
Source: Agricultural Market Committee, GMC
2.6.8 Occupational Structure and its Dynamics
Table 2.15: Decadal wise category of workers
1981 1991 2001 2011

S.
Occupation Main Main Main Main
no % % % %
workers workers workers workers
1 Primary
A Cultivators 1763 1.52 2390 1.57 2052 1.28 1957 0.88
Agriculture
B 10144 8.75 17726 11.62 7024 4.37 9757 4.40
Labourer
C Live Stock 655 0.56 873 0.57
Mining and
D 50 0.04 93 0.06
quarrying
Sub total 12612 10.87 21082 13.82 9076 5.65 11714 5.28
2 Secondary
House hold
A 2929 2.53 2065 1.35 5929 3.69 6325 2.85
industry
Manufacturing
B other than HH 35530 30.63 27591 18.08
industry
C Construction 5050 4.35 7460 4.89
Sub total 43509 37.51 37116 24.33 5929 3.69 6325 2.85
3 Tertiary
Trade and
A 22250 19.18 36334 23.81
Commerce
Transport &
B 14580 12.57 18391 12.05
communication
C Other services 23043 19.87 39655 25.99
Sub total 59873 51.62 94380 61.86 145736 90.67 203756 91.87
Grand total 115994 100 152578 100 160741 100 221795 100
Source: GMC
Primary Sector:
About 5.28% of the workers are engaged in primary sector activities. There is a decline in the share of
workers in the primary sector (5.65- 5.28%) between the years 2001 and 2011 and the fall has been
proportionately added to the territory sector, which has gone up from 90.6% to 91.8% between the same
years.

Exhibit 2.8: Workforce Participation
100 90.67 91.87
80
61.86
60 53.86 51.62
38.56 37.51
40
24.33
20 10.87 13.82
7.58 5.65 3.69 5.28 2.85
0
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Secondary sector:
The secondary sector supports 3.69% of the work force and its activities are confined to certain specialist
categories only. Expecting the agricultural produce of the hinterland, the resources for the development of
the secondary sector activities are very limited. There are number of rice mills and oil mills in and around
the city. The other agro-based industries include ice manufacturing industries, vermicelli industries etc.
there is also an industrial estate in auto-nagar an area of over 10 ha.
Tertiary sector:
The tertiary sector constitutes 91.87% of the main work force as the city attracts large number of tourists
and pilgrims, and serves as service city. The informal sector activities are proliferating in the city and there
are too many roadside vendors encroaching the road margins and the platform in the main areas. In
addition, the demand has decreased for the materials produced or manufactured at household level.
These secondary sector workers have shifted to tertiary activities.
2.7 Tourism a nd He rigate
The name of Guntur can be tied to inscriptions dating to the reign of Turpu-Chalukya king Anna I. The
prominence of the district increased consequent to French occupation in the 18th century. There are
inscriptions in the temple of Sri Lakshminarasimhaswamy that reveal settlements like Ramachandrapuram
Agraharam (now a part of Guntur) are even older than Guntur. The Guntur district abounds in sites of
heritage and cultural significance and scenic beauty with strong potential for heightened tourism activity.
The tourism in and around the city includes parks, museums, nature conservation sites, forts, resorts and
caves etc. Certain landmark places for tourist includes Uppalapadu Nature Conservation, situated in the
southern part of the Guntur city which provides shelter to a number of endangered species of birds of
Painted Storks and Spot-Billed Pelicans. Viswa Nagar is located to the South - West of the city close to
Chowdavaram. This is the place of Viswayogi Viswamji and the Universal Integration Pillar. Kondaveedu
Fort, at a distance of 25 km from the city is considered as impregnable with 24 bastions and spread across
30 hillocks was ruled by Gajapathis.
Sringeri Mutt in Sampath Nagar of the city is a Spiritual Center, encompasses within its complex many
temples. Also, there are many parks, Jinnah Tower in the city, Theme parks at Haailand, Manasa Sarovar
and Kakani temple are areas located near to the city.
Guntur is an important junction in the rail and road network of the region. Also being the district
headquarters, it acts as the hub of tourism activity from which various tourism spots can be reached. This
apart, Guntur city possesses a few sites of cultural value within its limits as the temple of Sri Agasteswara
and Sree Ramanama Kshethram in Agraharam. In the month of Margasira, Sriramakoti festivals are
conducted with much fanfare, which attracts population from the rural hinterland. The following passages
deal with the sites of tourism importance in the region.
2.8 Municipal Ad minist ration a nd Deli ve ry of Services
Guntur municipality, one of the oldest that was constituted in 1866, later became a municipal corporation in
the year 1994, under the Hyderabad Municipal Corporations (HMC) Act, 1955, which also became to be
known as the Andhra Pradesh Municipal Corporations Act (APMC Act), 1994.
GMC has jurisdiction over an area of 159 sq km and is proposed to be divided into 62 election wards. The
administration of GMC is accountable for providing the basic services to its citizens including water supply,
sewerage, solid waste management (SWM), construction of roads, street lighting, and health facilities. In
the year 2012, the Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP) through an order, merged the 10 adjacent
villages into its jurisdiction, thus increasing the city’s population as well as its service area.
Historically, owing to the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA) and the prevailing state municipal
corporation act, GoAP has been conducting municipal elections not only in municipal corporations but also
in municipalities and nagar Panchayats. The state government has appointed a special officer (senior IAS
officer rank) to take the key decisions in the absence of a general body and standing committee, in order to
continue the development and day-to-day activities in GMC. Along with the GMC, few parastatal agencies
are also involved in the provision of key services within GMC region. The following sub–sections outline the
key functions, roles and responsibilities of GMC and the parastatal agencies, namely, VGTMUDA, APFSD,
APPCB and other private agencies.
GMC is responsible for:

1. Providing the key services such as water supply, sewerage, sanitation, SWM, storm water drainage
(SWD), roads, street lighting, housing for the poor, health and education, birth and death registrations,
parking facilities, and the basic services for the urban poor people within the GMC limits
2. Planning, designing, construction, operation, and maintenance of key services, provided that GMC
gets technical approval from PHED
3. Enforcing the plans and regulating development activities as per the state byelaws
4. Levying and collecting various taxes, charges, and fees as per the applicable municipal corporation
act
5. Receiving grants from state and central governments to implement various projects in GMC limits
6. Framing polices and plans for sustainable development in the region
7. Disclosing the status of the services and various activities as per the applicable public disclosure law
APCRDA is responsible for:

1. Preparation of master plans, zonal development plans, and land use plans for the APCRDA region
2. Post preparation of the plans, the plans would be handed over to GMC for enforcement as per the
applicable state building rules
Andhra Pradesh Fire Service Department (APFSD) is responsible for:

Planning, designing, procurement, and O&M of fire services equipment in the region
Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board is responsible for:

Guntur has a regional centre of AP pollution controld boards and its functions are in regards to ground
water, air and noise in the city pertaining to the Acts of Government of India. In addition to the parastatal
agencies, several private agencies, are working in the areas of medical waste treatment, septage
management.

Map 2.2: Base Map, GMC

Map 2.3: Ward Map, GMC

2.9 Housing Scena rio
The housing typology in Guntur is predominantly, row housing and plotted housing, characteristically of low
density and low-rise settlement style. Multi- storeyed apartments and other high density construction styles
are a recent development, emerging in the recent times, due to constraints of land.
And, the multi-storeyed housing has widely come up towards the southern and south eastern segments of
the city. Please note that the predominant residential areas have been mentioned and discussed in detail,
earlier in this chapter. The census 2001 indicats that number of occupied houses totals to 121899, of which
105526 are used for residential and mixed uses. Household to house ratio as of 2001 is 1:1.22 and 52% of
the housesholds are occupied by the owner themselves. One room household’s accounts for staggering
41%, two roomed 28% and three roomed 18%. Census 2011 indicates growth in number of properties at
the rate of 35.6% for the decade 2001-11. Total number of houses as of 2011 census is 165315 of which
79% are in good condition, 19.54% are in livable condition and 1.4% of the houses are in dilapidated
condition.
As per GMC property tax records, 148799 number of properties have been registered. Out of these 1.30
lakh are residential properties (88%), 0.10 lakhs are non-residential properties, (7%), and remaining are
semi-residential and government buildings. As of census 2011, 98.8% of the houses are under the usage
of residential purposes and only 1.2% of the houses are classified as residential cum other usage.
Table 2.16: Housing Details of Guntur

Adminstration Total Census Good Livable Dilapidated Residence cum
Houses# Other Use
2001 (MC+OG) 121899 NA NA NA NA

2011 (MC+OG) 165315 130685 32305 2326 1990
Source: Census- 2001 & 2011
2.10 Slums a nd Squatter Settleme nts
Guntur city has significant small and medium scale industrial activities. Also, it is well known for its
commerce and trade and consequently, the growth rate for the past decade indicates substantial levels of
in-migration into the city. And, as a consequence, there are about 216 slum settlements in the city. these
slum habitations have been surveyed by Mission for Elimination of Poverty in Municipal Areas, Department
of Municipal Administration & Urban Development, GoAP and the profiling of about 193 slums have been
completed till date. However, under the Slum Free City Plan of Action (SFCPoA) for Guntur Municipal
Corporation, about 191 slums have been surveyed out of which 176 (92%) are notified slums and 17 (8%)
are non-notified slums. The total slum population in the city comprise 2,80,113 population accounting to
about 38% of the total city’s population with about 59,603 slum households.
The ward wise distribution of slums as presented in Exhibit 2.9 shows that the highest number of slums are
present in wards 1,2,16,17,20, 26, 32, 33 etc. About 68% of these slums exist in the core city area which is
the oldest area of the city while 25% are on the fringes or outskirts of the city, where the slum/squatter
settlements have come up on the vacant government land. Exhibit 2.10 presents the physical location of
the slums in Guntur.

Exhibit 2.9: Wardwise distribution of Slums in Guntur
Source: Slum Free City Plan of Action (SFCPoA) for Guntur Municipal Corporation &
http://www.apmepma.gov.in/slumDetailedReport.do
Exibhit 2.10: Physical location of Slums in Guntur
Source: Slum Free City Plan of Action (SFCPoA) for Guntur Municipal Corporation &
http://www.apmepma.gov.in/slumDetailedReport.do
The list of slums present in GMC (Refer Map 2.4) is presented in Appendix 2.2 and the details on the
availability of basic municipal services in these slums are presented in chapter 3.

Map 2.4: Loctaion of Slums, GMC

2.10.1 Slum Improvement Schemes- BSUP and IHSDP
Slum improvement projects and the coordination activities for various slum development activities are the
responsibility of the Urban Poverty Alleviation department, a wing of the Guntur Municipal Corporation. And
the major concern of the departmental undertakings lies in community mobilisation and organizing
community workshops to implement community development activities through the corporation personnel’s
involvement. And, the department currently coordinates the direct provision of services to slums.
The progress under the slum improvement projects include the construction of community structures,
which were laid on the authority of urban poverty reduction programmes. Furthermore, the department has
undertaken socio-economic programmes, chiefly aiming at empowerment of women and weaker sections
by generating self-employment through skill improvement. Also, housing to the urban poor has been
provided in Guntur, earlier, through the execution of the Integrated Housing and Slum Development
Programme (IHSDP). In addition, GMC has carried out a slum survey under the RAY project, recently,
which reveals that there are 188 slum pockets in total, located in the city with 51,099 households. It also
concludes that the slums are located on GMC, government, railway, endowment, and private lands. It is to
be noted here, that the environmental conditions in slums are very poor, and the slums lack basic civic
amenities like proper roads, drainage, potable drinking water supply, streetlights, and adequate number of
community toilets.
GMC has proposed to re-consruct all the houses falling under dilapidated and livebale condition through
various central and state initiatives. The Table below present the details of the houses proposed under
various initatives. List of the authorized slums have been annexed with the document.
Table 2.17: Proposed Housing for Urban Poor
Name of the Scheme Number of Houses Number of Houses Number of Houses Total
Sanctioned Constructed Proposed
Rajiv Gruha Kalpa 1472 1293 - 2765
Indiramma Housing 5405 3813 - 9218
(Category 1&2)
Indiramma Housing 3254 - - 3254
(Category 3)
Rajiv Awas Yojana - - 20958 20958
Total 10131 20958 36195
Source: Guntur Municipal Corporation
2.11 DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF GUNT UR
According to the Andhra Pradesh Urban areas (Development) Act, 1975, a Master Plan must be prepared
for the purpose of development and, indicate the manner in which the land in each zone is proposed to be
used and the stages by which any such development shall be carried out and, it shall also serve as a basic
pattern of framework within which the Zonal Development Plan (ZDP) of the various zones may be
prepared.
First master plan for Guntur has been prepared in the year 1969 and after 35 years present master plan
has been prepared. The zonal development plan for Guntur caters to 53.72 square kilometres area
including then municipal corporation area of 47.21 square kilomters.
Existing land use survey in 1994 broadly divided planning area into developed area. The developed area
comprises mainly residential, commercial, industrial, and educational lands with attendant land
requirements for public and semi pubic uses, transport and parks and playgrounds. Agriculture land, water
bodies, Burial grounds constitute the “Undeveloped area” category. Of the Guntur corporation area of 5372

ha, the developed land part of the city covers 4047 ha

accounting for around 75% of the city area, leaving
1325 ha undeveloped area accounting for around
25% of the city area.
Residential and mixed residential areas form about

30% of the total developed area while commercial
area has a share of 7%. Public and semi public,
Educational and recreational land uses occupy about
10% of the developed area while industries cover only
around 3% of the area. Residential plots lying vacant
constitute nearly 31% including open spaces in the
unconstructed layout areas, and area under Recreational
Developed Area - Land use 2004 Un-Developed Area - Landuse 2004
Burial Grounds
Roads Railway
Residential Water Bodies 1%
Recreational 0.36%
19% 29% 4%
1%
Educational Agricultural
3% Area
Public & Semi Mixed
95%
Public Residential
6% Un-occupied 1%
Industrial Commercial Residential
3% 7% 31%
Exibhit 2.11: Land use distribution in Guntur
account for only about 1% of the developed area. Of the “undeveloped area” of 1325 ha, about 1266 ha
covering 95% is “developable” for urban uses in future. As agriculture is still the dominant activity in the
villages added to the city.
Table 2.18: Existing Land use of the City in 2004
S.No Land use
Area % to developed area % to total area
I Developed Component
1 Residential 1170.8 28.93 21.79
2 Mixed Residential 45.44 1.12 0.85
3 Un-occupied Residential 1214.23 30 22.6
4 Commercial 279.69 6.91 5.21
5 Industrial 133.58 3.3 2.49
6 Public & Semi Public 231.85 5.73 4.32
7 Educational 128.5 3.18 2.39
8 Recreational 47.84 1.18 0.89
9 Roads 781.56 19.31 14.55
10 Railway 13.7 0.34 0.26
Sub Total 4047.19 100 75.34
II UN-Developed Components
11 Agricultural Area 1266.57 95.6 23.58
12 Water Bodies 48.75 3.68 0.91
13 Burial Grounds 9.53 0.72 0.18
Sub Total 1324.85 100 24.66
Grand Total 5372.04 100 100
Source: Zonal Development Plan of Guntur

Future Vision over the Perspective Period for the City by the ZDP
Zonal Development Plan under VGTM Master Plan has proposed three visions for the city as presented
below with an understanding of city economy and discussions with the public and officials.
Vision I
“The City as an International Trade & Commerce and Industrial Hub by the year 2020, providing good living
Environment to its surrounding Areas”, with a focal emphasize on the enhancement of Physical and Social
Infrastructural facilities in and around the City.
Vision II
“To develop Guntur City as a Regional service center for neighboring towns and villages by providing
planned world class infrastructure facilities for the future and maintaining a clean environment.”
Vision III
“To develop a city of educational excellence providing higher order educational institutions of world order.”
Proposed Landuse and Infrastructure Services:
Recreational Propos ed Land use by 2021 - Guntur city

With the vision specified above master plan 1% Transport &
predicted a population of 7.80 lakh by 2021 and Burial Ground
Communication
0.25% Road Water bodies
infrastructure facilities have been planned 0.16% 10% 2%
accordingly. Master plan defined maximum Public & Semi
density as 150 persons per ha and has estimated Public
5% Residential
about 52.03 sq.km land would be required under Industrial
68%
developed category. Taking into the account of 7%
Commercial
following principles land use has been proposed 6% Mixed
for 2021. Residential
1%
i. All the vacant lands spread along arterial roads and, between railway properties, in different revenue
wards, will be developed as parks, play grounds and recreational areas depending upon the size and
shape of such land parcels.
ii. In addition to the existing residential vacant lands accounting for 1214 ha the agricultural use lands of
1266 ha area will be occupied in the future. The residential vacant lands comprise residential layouts,
some of them already approved and some, to be approved in future.
Table 2.19: Existing & Proposed Land use Comparasion
% of
S.No Land Use 2021 % 2004 % Change
Change
1 Residential 3632.82 67.62 2385.03 44.40 1247.79 52.32
2 Mixed Residential 40.31 0.75 45.44 0.85 -5.13 -11.29
3 Commercial 314.56 5.86 279.69 5.21 34.87 12.47
4 Industrial 400.69 7.46 133.58 2.49 267.11 199.96
5 Public & Semi Public 264.22 4.92 360.35 6.71 -96.13 -26.68
6 Burial Ground 8.49 0.16 9.53 0.18 -1.04 -10.91
7 Recreational 51.78 0.96 47.84 0.89 3.94 8.24
8 Transport & Communication 13.25 0.25 13.7 0.26 -0.45 -3.28

% of
S.No Land Use 2021 % 2004 % Change
Change
9 Road 516.57 9.62 781.56 14.55 -264.99 -33.91
10 Water bodies 129.81 2.42 48.75 0.91 81.06 166.28

- -100.00
11 Agriculture 0 0 1266.57 23.58
1266.57
Total 5372.51 100 5372.04 100
Source: Guntur ZDP
Proposed land use for the year 2021 is explained here under. To cater to the demands of the ever growing
population by 2021, the agricultural land available in 2004 has been districuted into several other land
uses. The land use under public and semi-public activities, which inc;lude, water supply, sewage,
sanitation and solid waste management, diminished by 26% in the proposed land use, whereas, the
residential land use increases by 52% relative to the extent in 2004.
2.12 POPUL AT ION PROJ ECT IONS
The population projections is pertinent for assessing the future infrastructure requirements of a city namely,
demand for water supply, toilets, sewerage and solid waste management. Based on the trend of growth of
population in the GMC area, projections for next three decades have been worked out by various methods.
Computations based on these methods are presented in Appendix II attached to this report, while a
summary is presented in Table 2.20 and Exhibit 2.8 below.
In order to arrive at a consensus on the method adopted for population projections, we have considered
the Incremental Increase Method as the best fit for GMC. Exhibit 2.12 presents the comparision of the
population projection method adopted in the solid waste DPR and City Development Plan for Guntur.
It is noted that projections based on Decadal growth method are significantly higher at 18.4 lakhs than the
other methods. Projections from Geometrical Increase Method, 2nd order polynomial method and
Incremental method fall within a band of 16.4 to 14.79 lakh. However, based on the population projection
method as presented in the City Development Plan for Guntur- 2041, the Incremental Increase Method has
been adopted for Guntur city. This ultimate stage population for 2046 corresponds to a CAGR of 1.81%.
Table 2.20: Projected Population for GMC by Different Methods
Increme Declining 2nd Order
Arithmatic Geometric Simple Semi- Decadal
ntal growth Logistics Degree
Year increase al increase graph Log growth
increase rate methods Polynomia
method method method method method
method method l Method
2011 7,46,093 7,46,093 7,46,093 7,46,093 7,46,093 7,46,093 7,46,093 7,46,093 7,46,093
2016 8,05,606 8,18,161 8,35,082 7,76,939 7,48,601 7,47,302 5,84,294 8,49,039 7,94,288
2021 8,65,119 8,98,600 9,34,684 8,28,123 8,03,549 8,01,474 6,08,771 9,66,190 8,89,988
2026 9,24,631 9,87,408 10,46,167 8,77,661 8,58,497 8,55,512 6,33,814 10,99,506 9,93,114
10,84,58
2031 9,84,144 11,70,946 9,25,604 9,13,445 9,09,417 6,59,399 12,51,217 11,03,664
7
11,90,13
2036 10,43,657 13,10,609 9,72,005 9,68,394 9,63,190 6,85,499 14,23,860 12,21,640
6
13,04,05
2041 11,03,170 14,66,929 10,16,913 10,23,342 10,16,830 7,12,083 16,20,326 13,47,040
6
14,26,34
2046 11,62,682 16,41,894 10,60,376 10,78,290 10,70,340 7,39,118 18,43,899 14,79,866
5

Exhibit 2.12: Projected Population for GMC by Different Methods
2.13 LAND COST S IN AND ARO UND T HE T OWN
Guntur city has some of important residential micro-markets which have the prospect of considerable realty
development in future. Some of these areas are Swarnabharathi Nagar, Sri Venkateshwara Nagar Colony,
Nayi Brahmana Colony, Navabharath Nagar, Brindavan Gardens, Lakshmipuram, Muthyala Reddy Nagar,
Autonagar, Maddirala Colony, Agatha Varappadu, Syamala Nagar, Nehru Nagar, Sitaram Nagar, Kotha
Pet, Srinivasarao Pet, Nagarampalem, Lalapet, KVP Colony and Gandhi Nagar, among others. The most
commonly seen residential units here are either 2 or 3 BHK apartments. Their area ranges between 1000-
2500 sq.ft. and prices between Rs 20-50 lakh.
Property values
Land registration department of Andhra Pradesh given base rates for agriculture and non-agriculture lands
in Guntur. For non-agriculture purposes residential land values ranges from Rs.6000/- to Rs.25000/- per
square yard and Rs.10,000/- to Rs.45,000/- per square yard for commercial purposes in the city of Guntur.
Land values varies in villages and which are part of the extended GMC limits by their dearness to the city
and are in the range of Rs.1500/- to Rs.3000/- for residential and Rs.1200/- to Rs.6000/- for commercial
purposes.
Agriculture land further meant for housing and agriculture purposes. For housing purposes land values are
in the range of Rs.2.9 million to Rs.14.5 million per acre. Wheras, for agriculture purposes its depend upon
the dry land or wed land and ranges from Rs.0.8 million to Rs.7.5 million per acre.
Based on information provided to CommonFloor by real estate brokers in Guntur, the average price of
residential apartments across the city is about Rs 2,875 per sq.ft. For independent houses, the average

price is about Rs 4,665 per sq.ft. and for residential plots the average price is about Rs 1,270 per sq.ft.
Most of the vacant residential plots are either on the outskirts of the city or beyond the city limits.
Vidyanagar, Brodipet, Nallapadu, Venugopal Nagar and Arundelpet are top five areas where there is huge
demand for apartments in the city. Understanding overall housing pattern indicates that about 60% of the
houses are independent houses, 35% are apartments and 5% are villas.
Table 2.21: Land Values as on October 2014
Non-Agriculture Agriculture
Area/Type of Use Land Rate/Sq.Yard in Rs. Land Rate/Acre in Rs. Million
Residential Commercial for Housing for Agriculture
Guntur U 6000-25000 10000-45000 12.1 2.4
Ankireddy Palem (GMC) 3000 6000 - -
Ankireddy Palem (Village) 1200 1200 9.6 2 to 7.6
Budampadu 1500 - 7.2 0.8 to 2.5
Etukuru 1500 - 7.2 1.2 to 2.5
Gorantla 2000-6000 - 12.1 2.4
Koritepadu 6000 - 29 29
Nallapadu 2000-3000 - 9.6 1 to 3
Nallapadu (GMC) 2500-6000 - - -
Pedda Palakaluru 2000-5000 - 9.6 1.5 to 3.0
Pothuru 1000 - 4.8 0.8 to 2.5
R.Agraharam 3000 - 14.5 14.5
Chowdavaram - - 4.8 0.8 to 2.2
Source: http://registration.ap.gov.in/UnitRateMV.do?method=getDistrictList&uType=U
2.14 ENVIRONMENT IN T HE CIT Y
Environment implies everything around a human being, which affects the lives of human beings. In the
context of environment, 'living' implies 'living in good health physical, mental and spiritual. Environment has
everything to do with the quality of life. Living also implies to reside, work, relax and move about in
reasonable freedom. All the above conditions and activities lead us to a wild thought that environment
involves the entire space and spatial activities connected with living of human being. There are very strong
interactions among Human Being, Space and the Spatial Activities, which entirely decide whether
environment is 'acceptable'. The environmental question today is thus not simply one of pollution and other
negative results of man's economic activity; it also involves changing our uncontrolled impact on the
natural world to a conscious, purposeful and owned interaction with it.
2.14.1 Existing Status
Pollution is the result of rapid urbanization in which the increase in population density has outstripped the
available infrastructure. Air pollution is the major concern in most of the main roads for which suitable
measures have to be devised to reduce the air pollutants within tolerable limits. Another major concern is
the absence of effective drainage system in most parts of the city. Due to this, many areas of the town face
the problem of unhygienic sewage disposal.

2.14.2 Level of Pollution
Air Pollution
Vehicular and industrial exhaust is an important constituent of air pollutants. Permissible levels of
suspended particulate matter in the air have been prescribed by the pollution control board, which have to
be closely monitored to keep pollution under check. These particles are dangerous because they are toxic
to human health. The fine particles from burning coal, petrol, diesel and wood comprising a mixture of
sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, hydrogen ions, elemental organic compounds, metals, lead, cadmium,
vanadium, copper, zinc, nickel etc are harmful.
Annual mean concentrate of suspended particulate matter in Guntur is stated to be 148.9 ug /cum,
surpassing the threshold of the Indian standard of 140 ug/cum. But the maximum annual concentration is
448 ug/cum, surpassing the Indian standard of 200 ug/cum, twice over and more.
Water Pollution
GMC has identified 10 tanks in Guntur. They are placed in two categories based on their pollution level and
water spread. Category 1 lakes are large requiring immediate attention for high degree of pollution. Most of
the tanks falling in this category have sewage and sullage flowing into them from the surrounding dwelling
units. These units are all around the lake banks and some inside also, partly encroached and partly under
the legal title (pucca). Even surplus water weirs are used up in this fashion as also the storm water drains.
One of the lakes, Safilguda, had a spread of 1029ha 40 years ago at 536 FTL (full tank level), which has
now come down to 25.29ha; a result perhaps of all unfavorable activities and processes like siltation.
The primary cause of pollution is that housing layouts do not have proper sewerage system. The
wastewater from bath, kitchen, and toilets is disposed in storm water drains. Given that the houses are
located at a higher elevation gravity also helped such discharge into lakes. Health is affected both on
account of contaminated ground water and infection from disease-causing microbes thriving on vegetation.
With weed invasion came the rapid silting and fall in storage capacity. The contaminated recharge from the
lakes is a serious health problem.
2.14.3 Soil Conservation
Soil is lost in runoff, after getting dislodged as particles on account of direct impact of rain showers in the
absence of mechanical interference from vegetation. Sooner or later it ends up in the storm water drains
and /or water bodies. The soil carried in the runoff as suspended sediment settles at the bottom of storm
water drains or the water bodies and reduces the channel capacity of storm water drains and also storage
capacity of the water bodies. First, this could lead to floods during heavy showers; secondly hinder the
ground water recharge function of such water bodies due to reduced storage. Further, the loss of surface
layers of earth depletes the fertility available only in topsoil. Vegetation if available over the surface of the
source of the runoff would have prevented this from happening. In urban situations, as prevalent in GMC
such runoffs create much more havoc than carrying away surface soil.
2.14.4 Causes of Environmental Deterioration
Environmental deterioration in Guntur can be attributed to

• Industrialization and urbanization
• Unmindful depletion of traditional sources of energy and raw materials
• Population explosion

• Pollution of natural water bodies

• Exploitation of flora and fauna for economic ends.
• Lack of awareness about noise pollution resulting in insensitive use of noise amplifiers etc. in the
public environment.
The increasing population, industrialization and urbanization have resulted in acute environmental
problems. Ecological danger is no less serious than some of the others to which urgent attention is now
being paid in Guntur. The precious gifts three of Nature are being destroyed, as the polluted air we breathe
shorten human life and the unhealthy water we drink, keep us at the brink of disaster.

3. WATER AND SANITATION SERVICES AND ASSESSMENT

OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION
This chapter presents situation analysis of the basic municipal services comprising water supply, sanitation
/ wastewater management, storm-water drainage and municipal solid waste management in the city of
Guntur. It covers all the areas served by Guntur Municipal Corporation (GMC) and attempts to bring out the
existing level of infrastructure and services, inconsistencies, challenges and issues and gaps as regards
offering a superior level of environmental sanitation and a better quality of life for the residents of Guntur.
3.1 Distribution of Responsibility for WAT SAN Services
Guntur Municipal Corporation provides WATSAN services in the city. Basic municipal services such as
Water supply, Sanitation, Sewerage, Solid waste management and Storm-water drainage is entirely the
responsibility of the Corporation itself w.r.t planning & design; construction & implementation and its
respective operation and maintenance.
3.2 Status of Water Suppl y
The status of water supply in Guntur city is presented in the sections that follow. However, beforehand a
citywide status of sources of water is presented which offers a perspective.
3.2.1 Source(s) of W ater
The main source of surface water for Guntur city is River Krishna. The present water drawl is made from
the Guntur canal, Kommamur canal and the infiltration galleries at Vengalayapalem (Exhibit 3.1). However,
within the city limits, there is no source of water supply. It is pertinent to note that Guntur originated from
Guntala vooru which refers to a village of tanks. The city has about 40 tanks which primarily act as
catchments for storm water drainage and are being used for irrigation purposes as well in the newly
merged areas. The raw water is being drawn from Guntur channel at Takkellapadu and Mangalagiri Pump-
house simultaneously.
The water table is varying across the city; in the western parts of the city, the water table is as low as 18 m,
while in other areas, water is found at depths of 3m to 6m. The overall quality of ground water is good,
however in some parts of it’s reported to be brackish in nature.
Exhibit 3.1: Sources of Surface Water Supply in Guntur (Source: GMC)

Raw water from Guntur Canal is conveyed to the water treatment plant at Takkellapadu and water from
kommamur canal is brought to the rapid gravity filtration plant at Sangam Jagarlamudi. The infiltration
galleries at Vengalayapalem has an installed capacity of 2.27 MLD of water, however, at present it is not
operational.
Unfortunately at present, Guntur city is facing scarcity of drinking water as the water from Krishna river is
not flowing in to Guntur canal due to low water levels in the River. Total treated water available in the city
from all the sources is 119.54 MLD as shown in Table 3.1. However, as the infiltration galleries at
Vengalayapalem are non-functional at present, the total installed capacity of water supply system is 117.27
MLD.
Table 3.1: Water Supply Status in Guntur
Source Water Supply System Installed Utility

Capacity Capacity *
Takkellapadu Old Rapid gravity filtration plant 45 MLD 40 MLD
River Guntur Canal
Takkellapadu New Rapid gravity filtration plant 45 MLD 35 MLD
Krishna
Kommamur 27.27 MLD 18 MLD
Sangam Jagarlamudi Rapid gravity filtration plant
Canal
Infiltration Galleries at Vengalayapalem (currently not operational) 2.27 MLD** 0.00 MLD
TOTAL 119.54 MLD 93 MLD

Source: GMC Engineering Department
*Actual production from January 2016
**Non-functional from 2015
3.2.2 W ater Supply in the GMC Area
Considering water availability and other factors, presently 93 MLD of treated water is what the city receives
in actual. The water supply per capita per day varies significantly across the city such as 125 lpcd in core
area, 50-70 lpcd in tail end and less than 50 lpcd in areas served through tankers. Two merged villages are
served through GMC system and the remaining through their own sources such as bore-wells, tankers etc.
The treated water is distributed through water connections, public taps and water tankers. According to
GMC, in the 52 wards excluding the 10 newly added villages, there are 82618 domestic connections (non-
metered) and 2496 (metered) commercial connections. There are 3045 public taps and around 38 tankers
that serve the tail-end areas and uncovered areas of the city. Total no. of open wells in the GMC area is
around 97 in number. Table 3.2 presents the ward-wise coverage of Household water supply connections
in 52 wards of GMC core area. The
Table 3.2: Ward Wise Water Supply Connection Coverage
Wards Total No. of Households with Water tap Households without water tap
Households Connection connections
Ward no.1 2877 1648 1229
Ward no.2 3384 1471 1913
Ward no.3 3089 1255 1834
Ward no.4 2482 886 1596
Ward no.5 3432 1673 1759
Ward no.6 2983 850 2133
Ward no.7 3038 1443 1595
Ward no.8 3158 940 2218
Ward no.9 3969 1424 2545

Wards Total No. of Households with Water tap Households without water tap
Households Connection connections
Ward no.10 2259 1285 974
Ward no.11 3295 1996 1299
Ward no.12 3495 1866 1629
Ward no.13 3945 1597 2348
Ward no.14 2808 1656 1152
Ward no.15 1676 1168 508
Ward no.16 3222 2210 1012
Ward no.17 2334 1165 1169
Ward no.18 2689 1768 921
Ward no.19 3352 2330 1022
Ward no.20 3444 1845 1599
Ward no.21 4132 2315 1817
Ward no.22 4288 2448 1840
Ward no.23 2970 2066 904
Ward no.24 3428 2097 1331
Ward no.25 2981 2012 969
Ward no.26 4191 2834 1357
Ward no.27 3322 1660 1662
Ward no.28 3418 2391 1027
Ward no.29 2259 1408 851
Ward no.30 3541 2228 1313
Ward no.31 2808 1282 1526
Ward no.32 3192 1292 1900
Ward no.33 4236 2551 1685
Ward no.34 2445 916 1529
Ward no.35 4885 3710 1175
Ward no.36 3322 1086 2236
Ward no.37 3979 2439 1540
Ward no.38 2868 1846 1022
Ward no.39 4246 2916 1330
Ward no.40 3656 2509 1147
Ward no.41 4308 2421 1887
Ward no.42 1454 726 728
Ward no.43 1863 622 1241
Ward no.44 1037 622 415
Ward no.45 2846 180 2666
Ward no46 6996 2487 4509
Ward no.47 938 155 783
Ward no.48 1162 0 1162
Ward no.49 1804 1366 438
Ward no.50 1310 940 370
Ward no.51 1381 609 772
Ward no.52 395 8 387
TOTAL 156592 82618 73974
Source: GMC, AMRUT
Evidently, there are around 53% of piped water supply household connections in GMC.
Status of water supply in the newly added villages:
Amongst the newly added 10 villages, at present Gorantla and Adavitakellapadu receive water supply
through the GMC system and tankers. GMC is yet to extend the water supply system to the rest of the
merged areas for which a comprehensive Water Supply Improvement Scheme for 10 merged villages has
been proposed.
As per the census 2011, the population in the newly merged villages is close to 96090 persons and the
number of HHs is about 29578. According to CDP the existing coverage of HH connections in these
villages is about 30%. The rest of the households depend on 736 public stand posts and water tankers.
3.2 .2. 1 Cap acit y f or W ater Tr eatm ent
At present in Guntur, the treated water supply from WTPs is around 93 MLD. With respect to water
treatment capacities there are two WTP at Takellapadu, each having an installed capacity of 45 MLD each.
The SJ Mudi WTP is 27.27 MLD capacity. The location of these WTPs is presented in Exhibit 3.2 and its
current situation is depicted in Exhibit 3.2.
Exhibit 3.2: WTP at Takellapadu

3.2 .2. 2 Distrib ution S ystem
Guntur is divided into 10 water supply zones as per the availability of water and topographical layout of the
city. Treated water from the water treatment plants is stored in the elevated reservoirs for further
distribution to the consumers. At present there are 25 Nos. of Elevated Level Service Reservoirs with a
total storage capacity of 29768 KL at various locations for storage and delivery of drinking water to the
public as presented in the table below. The ongoing APMDP project comprises of proposed 22550 KL
ELSRs.
Due to shortage of storage capacity (ELSRs) some quantity of water is being distributed through direct
supply only. The details of the Reservoirs with their capacities are presented in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3: Elevated Service Reservoir location and its capacity
S.No. Name of the Reservoir No. of Elevated Capacity in KL Total Capacity in KL

service level
reservoirs
1 Nehru Nagar 2 1250 2500
2 Sarada Colony 2 1250 2500
3 Vasantharayapuram 1 700 700
4 LB Nagar 1 1000 1000
5 BR Stadium 2 1370+1590 2960
6 Nallacheruvu 1 1590 1590
7 Court Compound 1 1050 1050
8 AT Agraharam 1 1590 1590
9 Stambalagaruvu 2 900+1364 2264
10 Gujjanagundla 1 1350 1350
11 Srinivasarao Thota 1 1000 1000
12 Housing Board Colony 1 454 454
13 A.M.C 1 1000 1000
14 H.L.R 3 1200 3600
15 Hanumaiah Nagar 1 1350 1350
16 L.L.R 4 1150 4600

According to GMC, 690 Km of water distribution network provides treated water to the core area of the city.
Only 53% households have water supply connections. Reportedly, around 25-45% of water losses have
been recognized due to leakages in the distribution pipelines making per capita supply of water low in
Guntur city.
At present, the entire city population is being supplied potable water. But the distribution network is
available for only 88% of the city area. The uncovered area of about 12% of the city area is being supplied
water through tankers. Under APMDP project 214 Km new pipelines are laid but about 314 km of new
pipelines are to be laid in the merged villages in GMC. Under the World Bank project, GMC core area is
divided into 23 DMA zones for provision of 24x7 water supply.
Most of the existing distribution network needs to be rehabilitated to avoid major water losses due to
leakages. The city does not have any metering system of water supply. The distribution system is
characterized by intermittent supply wherein, there is significant disparity in service levels across the
wards, the supply being between 1-3 hours per day. This is a critical issue which affects the quality of life of
residents.
3.2.3 City-W ide Status of W ater Supply
According to Census 2011, categorisation under various sources of supply is provided in the Table 3.4
below and depicted in Exhibit 3.3 for the population of GMC.
Table 3.4: Status of Water Supply in GMC
Total Main Source of Drinking Water

Number Tapwate Tapwat Cover Un- Hand Tubewell/Bo Spring River/Can Tank/Pond Other
of r from er from ed cov pump rehole al /Lake source
Househ treated un- well ere s
olds * source treated d
source well
1,51,131 4,467 403 516 1,806 1,636

1,65,750 59 3 306 5,423
100% 91.18% 2.70% 0.24% 0.31 1.09% 0.99% 0.04% 0.00% 0.18% 3.27%
%
Notes:
1. Source: Census-2011.
2. The data corresponds to only residential properties and does not include properties having offices and other commercial
establishments.
3. It also included parts of two outgrowth areas (status before merger of newly added areas)
Around 91% of the households (excluding the institutional connections) get water from the public supply
system i.e. tap water through a private domestic connection which may be treated and safe. The balance
9% of the households depend on other sources mainly tube wells (around 1%) and hand pumps (around
1.09%). Only 2.70% of HHs depends upon the untreated water as piped water supply.

Also, owing to low pressure and short

duration of supply, tube-wells, hand-pumps Exhibit 3.3: Household Level Water Supply
etc. constructed at household level may be Tapwater from treated
subject to contamination via bacteria, source
Tapwater from
viruses, protozoa, chemicals and physical un-treated source
debris and can be termed as unprotected Covered well
water. Un-covered well
As per GMC, currently there are 1665 nos. Handpump
of bore wells in the city out of which 1646
bores are in function and 11 bores are to Tubewell/Borehole
be repaired and 19 bores are condemned. Spring
91%
River/Canal
3.2 .3. 1 W ater Qualit y Tank/Pond/Lake
According to the people of Guntur, there are no major issues with the quality of water which has also been
supported by GMC. However, there is risk of water contamination due to leakages, pipe breaks, cross
connections with open drains or sewer lines, illegal tapping, etc. during supply of water. Groundwater table
also poses risk of contamination from the septic tanks and unlined drains and requires better quality and
workmanship in laying of pipelines and fixtures. Also, during primary survey some of the residents
complained about the incidence of muddy or brackish water into the existing tap water supply. As per
NUSP, improvement in public health is one of the prime objectives of sanitation, so it is recommended to
either increase the water treatment capacity or conduct regular testing of water and use proper calculated
dose of disinfectant. It necessitates a planned and strategic augmentation in provision of water supply
services for adequate and safe water for Guntur city.
3.2 .3. 2 Serv ice Lev els
Considering citywide assessment of present status of water supply Table 3.5 attempts to present water
supply service levels in GMC area assessed against the service level benchmarks defined by MoUD, GoI.
Table 3.5: Water Supply Service Levels in Guntur
Parameters SLB Norm Current Status
Coverage of Water Supply connections 100% 83%*

Per capita supply of water (lpcd) 135 lpcd 121 lpcd
Extent of metering of water connections 100% 3%
Extent of non-revenue water ( NRW) 20% 28%*
Continuity of water supply 24 X 7 1-2 hrs.
Quality of water supplied 100% 100%
Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints 80% 60%
Cost recovery in water supply services 100% 70%
Efficiency in collection of water related charges 90% 85%
Source: GMC Engineering Dept.; AMRUT SLIP; Data assessment
* Considering 53% coverage in GMC as per GMC engg. Dept. and 30%coverage in newly added villages as per CDP

Map 3.1: Water Supply Network in Guntur

3.2 .3. 3 Dem and-Sup p ly G ap in W ater Sect or
As shown in Table 3.6, the current rate of water supply of 93 MLD is not adequate to meet the present
demands of the city. However, with the ongoing works at Takkellapadu for construction of water treatment
plant of 42 MLD capacity under APMDP project along with the implementation of SCADA system to
capture leakages thereby reducing NRW, the water demand can be met until the year 2021. After that the
city would need additional water supply to meet its demand, which would be around 211 MLD in the
horizon year 2041.
Table 3.6: Projected Water Demand and Gaps up to Year 2041
Year
Description
2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041
Projected Population 746093 818161 898600 987408 1084587 1190136 1304056
Floating population (Peak Daily) 54830 60220 66172 72684 79758 87392
Water demand in MLD as per CPHEEO
101 110 121 133 146 161 176
norms@ 135 lpcd
Fire Demand in MLD [=100*
2.73 2.86 3.00 3.14 3.29 3.45 3.61
√(Population/1000)]
Water Demand by Floating population @ 45
2.47 2.71 2.98 3.27 3.59 3.93
lpcd
15% UFW 15.52 17.37 19.05 20.91 22.95 25.16 27.54
Total water demand (MLD) 118.97 133.15 146.07 160.33 175.93 192.86 211.13
Present Gross Water supply (MLD) 93 93 93 93 93 93 93
Gap in Water Supply (MLD) -25.97 -40.15 -53.07 -67.33 -82.93 -99.86 -118.13
It is important to mention here that there are water supply projects already proposed under AMRUT and
are undergoing under APMDP which will augment the existing water supply; although gaps may still persist
depending upon the extent of implementation of these projects.
3.2 .3. 4 Ke y Issu es
• Water supply is sourced from quite a distance and water is not available in the canals throughout
the year. This puts pressure on the availability of water in the city resulting in sourcing from other
alternatives available.
• Tail-end areas face severe water supply issue pertaining to non-availability of piped water supply.
Households are habituated to draw water by pumping which is also one of the reasons for tail end
people not getting water. This issue can be avoided by providing 24/7 water supply. For this under
new schemes for augmentation of water supply in Guntur city the entire town is divided in to 28
DMAs (district metering area).
• There is a high transmission and distribution losses due to the infrastructure being old. This also
adds to the high O&M cost incurred.
• There is no metering system in place and duration of supply of water is only 1-3 hrs in a day
• The total installed capacity of WTP is 119 MLD, but only around 93 MLD in actual is supplied at the
consumer end.
• Clotting of Filter bed due to heavy turbidity and all the valves in the plant are to be replaced as
there are operational issues every week due to some or the other failure of plant machinery
• Water charges collected are at a nominal flat rate which reduces the extent of cost recovery levels.
• Water supply pipelines are subject to contamination due to passing of the pipes through or along
the drainage network
• Guntur water supply scheme from Sangam Jagarlamudi is functioning since 1953 onwards at a
distance of 12.50 km from Guntur city. There are three tire pumping system first from canal to SS
tank and then from SS tank to filter beds and then to the clear water sump to elevated service
reservoirs. All the pump-sets are 30 to 40 years back and still working. However, on-site problems
such as electrical issues with all the motors owing to high temperatures and water supply
interruptions, there is a need to replace all Pumpsets with motors with new and latest electrical
systems to save power charges.
3.2.4 On-going Augmentation Projects
In view of fulfilling the objective of augmentation of water supply system in Guntur city, following presents
the details of the ongoing/sanctioned projects.
S.No. Objective Activities Cost Rs in Financing
Cr Source
1 To Complete Ongoing Providing 100% HSC connections -53974 40.48
Projects
2 To Achieve Universal Providing Clear water pumping mains to surrounding 35.00
Coverage merged villages AMRUT
Construction of 5 Nos ELSR of 2800KL 4.00

Distribution network 87.02
3 Reduce NRW Implementation of SCADA system 2.97 ISIP funds(GoI)
4 Improve per Capita Augmentation of the water supply system 460.00 World Bank
supply funds
To meet the fourth objective of improving the per capita supply, Guntur Municipal Corporation has taken up
the Project “Comprehensive Water Supply Service Improvements in Guntur” in two packages (I & II) with
an estimated cost of Rs. 460 Crores under APMDP (Andhra Pradesh Municipal Development Project) with
World Bank assistance. The project is designed for projected water demand up to the year 2041 and the
works are under progress. A break-up of the packages together with its estimated cost towards the project
is given below:
PACKAGE I : 340 Crores

Components Estimated cost in Rs. Crores
• Source improvement at Undavalli to draw 174.50 MLD of 4
Raw Water
• Construction of 1900 kL balancing reservoir 5
• Raw water pipelines 161
• Water Treatment Plant at Takkellapadu (42 MLD) 13
• Reconstruction of Water Treatment Plant at Sangam 7
Jagarlamudi (25.20 MLD) in place of existing 27.20 MLD
WTP
• Clear water transmission mains (30.677 km) 48
• Elevated service reservoirs (18 Nos.) 47
• Additional sumps and pump houses (21 Nos.) 6
• Provision for crossing of National Highway (4 locations) and 7
Railway lines (5 locations) by water supply pipe lines
• Electrical items 1
• Chlorinators 1
• Other Works ((Restoration, rehabilitation, Capacity 47
Enhancement Action Plan, Contingency)
PACKAGE II : 120 Crores

Components Estimated cost in Rs. Crores
• New pipe lines for unserved areas (214.295 km) as per 48
DMA zoning in all 23 zones
• Replacement of existing pipelines (114.81 km) 49
• Bulk Water meters (162 Nos.) 2
• Provision towards Interconnections, disconnections & 10
reconnection of existing and proposed pipelines
• Water auditing in distribution system 0
• Environment management plan and other contingencies 10
Source: APMDP DPR; CDP

According to GMC, 76% of the works are completed in Package-I. In Package-II, 94.65% DI Pipeline and
82.85% HDPE Pipeline works have been completed.
With respect to water supply system to 10 merged surrounding villages a scheme for Rs. 122 cr for 5
merged villages nearer to the capital city has been submitted to APMDP for sanction. Regarding remaining
5 villages water supply scheme has been proposed in AMRUT scheme.
The major sub-project as per APMDP are described below:
1). Intake well: The new intake well is proposed adjacent to the existing intake well at Undavalli village.
The surrounding area is mostly covered with grass and open land. The intake well of 5m radius is
proposed. The pumping main of 1800mm dia. Length 75m is proposed from intake well to Master
Balancing Reservoir (MBR). There is about 22.0 m stretch of land is owned by Guntur Municipal
Corporation all along the existing pipe from intake well to Takkelapadu WTP and the same is enough for
the proposed water conductor system.
2). Raw Water Pipeline: The raw water pipeline from Intake well near Undavalli village to Takkellapadu
WTP is proposed by pumping with 1800mm diameter Mild Steel pipeline along the existing water supply
pipeline. The total length of the pipeline is 31.8Km. The pipeline will be laid within the stretch of 22.0 m
land owned by the GMC, which is to the left side of the available land parallel to the Guntur Channel.
3). Water Treatment Plant (WTPs): Two nos. of WTPs are existing at Takkellapadu with a capacity of 90
MLD and one WTP is present at Sangam Jagalamudi site having capacity of 27.2 MLD. In addition, the
WTPs having capacities of 71.0 MLD & 43.0 MLD are proposed at Takkellapadu for the prospective (2026)
and ultimate year (2041) respectively. The existing Sangam Jagarlamudi WTP is constructed during 1958,
which is in very poor condition. Hence, the same capacity i.e., 27.2 MLD is proposed to be replaced
adjacent to the existing WTP. An adequate area of 15 acre & 5 acre is available at Takkellapadu and
Sangam Jagarlamudi WTP locations respectively. Hence, no additional land is required for construction of
proposed WTPs.
4). Clear Water Pipeline: The clear water pipeline from Takkelapadu WTP to the existing reservoirs is
proposed by pumping with 300mm to 800mm diameter Ductile Iron (DI) pipes. The total length of the
pipeline is about 31.8 Km. The pipeline will be laid along the existing pipeline and the land is owned by the
GMC.
5). Sumps & Pump Houses: In the proposed water supply improvement project, pump houses are
proposed at 19 Nos. of locations such as WTP, ELSRs etc. to pump the water. The sumps are selected at
19 ELSR locations with minimum sump storage capacity of 30 min. The minimum sump capacity is 95KL
(KVP Colony) and the maximum sump capacity is 3156KL (Nehrunagar).
6). Elevated Level Service Reservoirs /Main Balancing Reservoirs: There are 19 ELSRs proposed at
various locations of the Guntur Municipal Corporation. Nine (9) ELSRs are proposed at already existing
sites and ten locations are proposed at new sites. All the proposed ELSR locations are owned by GMC.
There are two MBRs proposed in the project, one at Undavalli intake well having capacity of 2400 KL and
500 KL at Takkellapadu WTP.
7). Distribution Network: The distribution network is proposed for a length of about 402.0 Km and the
diameter of the pipeline varies from 100 mm to 800 mm. The pipelines are proposed with HDPE /Ductile
Iron (DI) material. In some areas there is no road flank and the road is stretched upto the building line. In
such cases the trench will be dug along the edge of the road. Trench excavation is proposed manually at
some places.
Further, with respect to augmenting the water supply in the newly added 10 villages, following is proposed
under AMRUT scheme:

Project Name Year in which to be Year in which Estimated

implemented proposed to be Cost (Rs.)
completed
Comprehensive Water Supply 2015-16 Feb.-2017 Rs. 166.50

Improvement Scheme for 10 merged
villages
Providing 100% HSC of 53974 nos. 2016 2017 40.48
Providing Pumping mains from WTP to 2016 2017 35.00
Proposed Reservoirs
Construction of elevated Service Reservoirs 2016 2017 4.00
in Merged Villages
Distribution net work 2016 2017 87.02
3.3 Sanitation a nd Waste Wate r Manage ment
With regard to the availability of infrastructure for sanitation and wastewater management, sewerage
network system and its treatment facilities are almost absent in Guntur city. Only 11% of the GMC area
(parts of the core city covered) is covered by sewerage network. With respect to treatment of sewage a 9
MLD STP is located at sudapalli donka which at present is defunct. The coverage of individual household
toilets is considerably good however, there is an issue regarding its (septage) safe treatment and disposal.
Lack of sanitation facilities and public toilets is another issue to be addressed by the GMC. Respectively,
there is a dire need for GMC to augment the sanitation status of the city.
3.3.1 Household Sanitation in GMC Area
1). As per Census 2011, about 93% of the HHs have individual house-hold toilets (IHTs) in Guntur while
the remaining 6.8% either resort to public/community toilets or practice open defecation (refer Table 3.7).
Table 3.7: Household Access to Sanitation in GMC Area
Types of Toilets and their discharge Alternate

Total no. of HHs (Excluding
Options
institutional households)
No. of HHs without IHT
Service Latrine
latrine without slab/ open
No. of HHs connected to

ventilated improved pit
No. of HHs having pit
No. of HHs having pit

No. of HHs having IHT
latrine with slab/
Community Toilets
Open Defecation
other system
septic tank
open drain
sewerage
Public/
pit
By human
By animal
1,65,750
* 1,53,688 48,808 98,295 793 4,076 439 775 240 262 12,062 759 11,303
100% 92.72% 29.45% 59.30% 0.48% 2.46% 0.26% 0.47% 0.14% 0.16% 7.28% 0.46% 6.82%
Source: Census, 2011 (This data is before the merger of newly added areas i.e.10 wards)
*The total no. of households include 52 wards+ OG areas (parts of Gorantala and Peda Palakaluru)

About 48808 HHs (approximately 30%) discharge their toilet waste into sewer lines. About 98295 numbers
of households which are approximately 59% of the total number of households use septic tanks. Out of the
remaining 4% households, 2.46% practice on-site sanitation in other forms like VIP latrine with slab,
unimproved pit latrine etc. 0.47% HHs discharge their toilet waste directly into drains, 0.26% HHs
discharge their toilet waste in other system and around 7.28% HHs have no toilet facility at household
level. Out of the 7.28% of the households without IHT, only 0.46% has been reported to use
public/community toilets while the remaining 6.8% of them resort to open defecation. In absolute terms,
about 11303 households have no option other than open defecation (OD).
However, as described in earlier section, OD is widespread due to many reasons, like improper
management of community and public toilet, unwillingness to pay user fee and is very prominent amongst
the slum communities residing along drains such as srinivasrao thota peekalavagukatta, Kortipaddu SC
colony, along railway tracks and on the periphery of the city. Notably, sewage/ excreta is directly
discharged into open drains which is equally risky in terms of threat to the environment and public health.
In addition to the domestic Exhibit 3.4: Status of Access to Sanitation in GMC Area
households, there are number of 0.5%
schools, colleges, hotels, restaurants,
6.8%
hospitals and other commercial and
institutional establishments located
within the city, where the availability of
toilets is not an issue but safe
collection and disposal of septage is a
big concern.
2). According to GMC, the following 92.7%
table reflects the current sanitation
status prevalent in the city. This data HHs with IHTs HHs using CT/PT HHs practicing OD
corresponds to the households in 52
wards (core area) of the city. The newly added areas (10 wards) are excluded from this assessment.
Ward No. Total No. of Households with sewer Households with Septic HH without any
Households network Tank outlets for toilets
1 2877 0 2713 164
2 3386 1 3385 8
3 3123 0 3123 23
4 2482 0 2482 13
5 3449 3 2874 572
6 2985 1 2984 15
7 3039 4 3035 30
8 3159 467 2692 5
9 3997 20 3977 1
10 2261 940 1321 51
11 3303 80 3223 71
12 3497 169 3328 56
13 3987 0 3798 189
14 2823 1247 1576 3
15 1679 1108 571 1
16 3225 700 2525 1
17 2336 1444 892 25
18 2693 374 2319 7
19 3354 564 2790 121
20 3449 24 3203 222
21 4142 1770 2372 1
22 4292 5 4287 1
23 2972 4 2968 1

Ward No. Total No. of Households with sewer Households with Septic HH without any
Households network Tank outlets for toilets
24 3551 0 3551 104
25 2993 1 2992 92
26 4200 725 3475 1
27 3347 2114 1233 1
28 3436 1392 2044 3
29 2263 752 1511 130
30 3546 1298 2248 1
31 2812 997 1815 1
32 3198 234 2964 34
33 4258 15 4243 67
34 2452 1300 1152 121
35 4889 509 3996 192
36 3323 68 3255 78
37 4014 1 4013 3
38 2872 1 2871 1
39 4254 0 4254 134
40 3659 3 3656 437
41 4318 34 4284 120
42 1457 0 1457 120
43 1863 0 1863 1942
44 1047 0 1047 370
45 2848 0 2814 34
46 7061 0 5886 1175
47 940 0 763 177
48 1162 0 978 184
49 1808 0 1642 166
50 1311 0 1310 1
51 1491 0 1488 3
52 395 2 391 2
Total 157278 18371 131752 7155
Source: GMC – AMRUT Slip
Evidently, 11% of households are connected to sewer network, 84% have septic tanks and the rest of the
5% households are without any outlet for toilets.
3). No. of Households in total GMC area:
Extent & Census 2011 Population of Guntur Town plus 10 merged Gram Panchayats
Extent
S.No. Name Population as per 2011 No. of Households
(Sq.Kms)
1 Guntur core area 647264 45.71 163115
2 Nallapadu 7325 10.71 2438
3 Pedapalakaluru 11442 9.81 2943
4 Ankireddypalem 3252 19.98 5670
5 Adavitakellapadu 13650 7.89 3413
6 Gorantla 28638 14.36 6072
7 Potturu 4559 13.94 1703
8 Chowdavaram 6735 8.11 1956
9 Etukuru 7184 12.41 1846
10 Budampadu 4949 10.3 1448
11 Reddypalem 8356 6.24 2089
Total 743354 159.5 192693

For the purpose of assessing service levels w.r.t sanitation, we have considered AMRUT data as obtained
from GMC for the 52 wards. As for the newly added areas i.e. 10 wards, sewerage network is absent and
there is minimal coverage of septic tanks.
3.3.1.1 Tec hn olog y Ch oices
As mentioned earlier, in the absence of sewerage network in GMC area about 84% HHs use septic tank.
The overflow from these septic tanks either seeps to the ground water or flows through the local drains.
The technology being used is either water-seal ‘pour flush’ or ‘cistern flush’ toilet, which is often considered
as water intensive. Most of the households have the same toilet technology and are connected to individual
on-plot septic tanks. Again in all these habitations/ settlements the predominant preferred technology
option is found to be water-seal ‘pour-flush’ / ‘cistern-flush’ toilet which are either single or double pit
latrines with and without soak pits.
Although the Census-2011 data show existence of VIP (Ventilated Improved Pit) latrines, however, our
experience shows that this option is very rarely adopted in the Indian context because of its relatively poor
aesthetics and thus, the reporting is considered to be erroneous. It is likely that ‘single leach pit latrine’
(with or without water seal) has been reported as a ‘VIP latrine’ during enumeration. As per census,
although very miniscule, but intriguing, there are a few households within Guntur area which have ‘toilets
serviced by both humans and animals’.
As regards septic tank, usually, households are required to adhere to these guidelines and take approval
from the concerned department. However, at present there is no monitoring mechanism wherein,
construction as per layout can be monitored. Innovations in terms of soil mounds, long leach/ drainage
fields, micro-wetlands, etc. to accelerate dissipation of effluent are not found. This also leads to
malfunctioning of septic tanks wherein, required degree of organic digestion do not take place resulting in
solids overflow as well as the need for frequent pump-outs of septage. This situation has created demand
of public and private service providers in the city, who use vacuum tankers (cess pool vehicles) to empty
and haul away septage. At present GMC owns two cess pool vehicle for emptying of septic tanks. On
account of large number of septic tanks and the need for frequent pump-outs, handling and safe disposal
of septage is an issue in the entire area. While there is no dedicated septage treatment facility or disposal
site, unfortunately at present septage is being disposed in open land at the outskirts of the city.
3.3.2 Public and Community Toilets
Guntur, being a part of the capital region and the district headquarters attract a high floating population,
daily peak being around 50,000 persons. To cater to the sanitation needs of visitors, transit passengers
and tourists, “Public Toilets” are one of the essential social infrastructure components. In general, these
should be located near bus stations, railway stations, and tourist spots, recreational centres, main
markets/commercial places, hospitals, transit points and any other place that attracts large number of
visitors.
On the other hand “Community toilet” refers to shared toilets specifically provided for a particular
community, generally operated and maintained by them. This is distinct from public toilets which are
frequented by causal users in high footfall areas.
According to the information from the Guntur Municipal Corporation (GMC), there are reportedly around 12
numbers of Public toilets (Table 3.8) and 3 Community Toilets in the city (Table 3.9). Ward wise distribution
of these toilets is shown in Map 3.2 and their present status is depicted in Exhibit 3.4.
As observed, most of the public toilets are functional, have proper electricity & water supply but poor
operation and maintenance services. The toilets maintained by private service providers (e.g. Sulabh
International) on long term maintenance contract with the GMC are also not well-kept. This may be
attributed to low revenue from user charges, lack of financial support from the ULB, etc. Only few toilets
are have septic tank system which need to be emptied frequently by a truck mounted vacuum tanker
through paid service and the septage is eventually disposed off in open land. During primary survey it was
found that majority of the public toilets are dilapidated and need renovation/upgradation. As the GMC
owned public toilets are contracted out on yearly basis and charge user fee ranging from Rs. 4/- to 6/-.

Almost all the public toilets are opened from 5 in the morning until 9 in the evening. Few of them such as
Brodipeta taluka office located in the commercial area is opened 24 hrs of the day.
During field visit it was observed that the community toilet at Pichikala Gunta was not working, while the
other two were being used by the communities although the condition of these toilets was poor w.r.t
cleanliness and maintenance. Generally, adequate water is not available for flushing and frequent cleaning
which results in poor sanitary conditions, and thus, very low acceptability among the community members.
Consequently, poor sanitary condition and inadequacy of these facilities is resulting in communities
resorting to open defecation.
Table 3.8: Status of Public Toilets in Guntur Area
No. of No. of Wast
Bath
Seats Urinals Electric e-
S. Name of Wash Water
Location of Toilet Connec Water
No. Authority Basin Supply
F M F M F M tion dispo
sal
Gandhi Park Opp. Himini sweet 1 Yes UGD
1 GMC 3 - - - 2 2 Yes
shop 2 (Bore)
2 APSRTC Toilet Complex I 4 3 - - - 6 2 Yes Yes UGD
1 UGD
3 APSRTC Toilet Complex II (new) 12 - - - 10 5 Yes Yes
2
Sulabh
4 Opposite NTR bus stand 2 3 1 - - - Yes Yes
International UGD
Gandhi Park, Opp. Venkateshwara Yes UGD
5 GMC 5 5 2 2 - - - Yes
vignan mandir (Bore)
6 GMC Naaz Centre 4 4 - - - - - Yes Yes UGD
Sulabh Septic
7 Brodipeta 1st lane 3 - - - - - Yes Yes
International tanks
Yes UGD
8 GMC Brodipeta Thaluka Office 4 4 - - - - - Yes
(Bore)
9 GMC Buchaiah thota, 6th Lane 2 4 - - - - - Yes Yes

UGD
Yes Septic
10 GMC Kolli Sarada Market 1 4 1 1 - - - Yes
(Bore) Tank
Sulabh Yes Yes
11 B. R. Stadium Main Road 1 2 - - - 2 - -
International (Bore)
12 GMC Vegetable market side - - - - - - - - - -
Source: GMC
Table 3.9: Status of Community Toilets in GMC Area
S. Name of Location of Toilet No. of Seats Bath No. of Wash Electri Water Was
No. Authority Urinals Basin c Supply te-
Conne Wat
ction er
F M F M F M disp
osal
1 GMC Pichikala Gunta (community Non- 10 Septic - - - - - -

toilet) functional seats tanks
2 GMC Sangadi Kunta, Chiina Masid 6 6 - - - - - - Yes UGD

(community toilet) (Bore)
3 GMC Thufan Nagar community toilet 6 6 - - - - - Yes Yes UGD

Gandhi Park, Opp. Himini sweet shop
APSRTC Toilet Complex I
APSRTC Toilet Complex II

Opposite NTR Bus stand
Brodipeta Thaluka office
Pichikala Gunta (Community Toilet)

Buchaiah thota, 6th alne
Kolli sarada market
B. R Stadium Main Road

Sangadi Kunta, Chiina Masid (Community Toilet)
Gandhi Park, Opp. Venkateshwara Vignan Mandir

Naaz centre
Brodipeta 1st lane
Thufan nagar (Community Toilet)

Map 3.2: Existing Public and Community Toilets in Guntur

3.3.3 Access to Sanitation in Slums
Based on the Slum Free City Plan of Action (SFCPoA) for Guntur Municipal Corporation, Guntur comprises
191 slums out of which 176 are notified slums and 17 are non-notified slums while the remaining 23 slums
are still under data entry process. The total slum population residing in the city is 2,80,113 (about 38% of
the total population of Guntur) with about 59,603 slum households. Most of these slums are located along
the nala/drains, railway lines, government land/railway land, quarries, etc. About 65% of these slum
households have their own individual tap connections while about 28% of the households depend upon the
public taps. A small 4% depend upon the water tankers while the remaining 3% depend upon other
sources viz tube well, bore well, river, canal, lake, spring etc. It is pertinent to note here that the ground
water quality available in the area is brackish in nature and hence is only used for washing purposes. The
drinking water requirement is met through the water tankers. As per SFCPoA, about 75% of the slum
households have their own individual toilets (IHTs), 19% depend upon either shared toilets or community
toilets and about 6% of the HHs practice open defecation.
Exhibit 3.5: Status of Water Supply and Toilets in the Slum Households
It is to be noted that about 46% of the slum households have door to door waste collection system and
21% of the households have access to community bins. A large 33% of the households do not have
access to any kind of waste disposal system and consequently dispose wastes either in the adjoining
vacant lands/fields, or along the roads or into the storm water drains.
Exhibit 3.6: Status of Solid Waste Management and Drainage in the Slums
About 56% of the slum households in Guntur is connected to pucca or lined open drain and a small 7% to
underground drainage system while the remaining 37% are either connected to kutccha or unlined drains
or dispose directly into the low lying areas, ponds etc.

Exhibit 3.7: Sanitation Status in Slums of Guntur

3.3 .3. 1 Op en Def ec atio n Ar eas
As per SFCPoA, about 3570 households practice open defecation across the slums in Guntur. Exhibit 3.8
presents existing open defecation grounds across Guntur. High incidents of OD are mainly due to low
coverage of toilets in these localities where people cannot afford individual toilets due to lack of space as
most of them do not have any land ownership records. It was observed during the primary survey by the
consultants team that many of such slums where practise of open defecation is high, lack community
toilets.
Based on the primary survey and series of consultations with GMC officials and slum communities etc.,
some of the most frequented open defecation locations have been identified and listed in Table 3.10 and
also presented in Map 3.3. Broadly, these locations are along the nallas/drains, along railway lines, open
fields on the outskirts or peripheral areas.
Table 3.10: Most Common Open Defecation Areas in Guntur
S.No. Location Proximity to Slum Localities

1 Along railway track Narsi Reddy Colony, Immanuelpet, Israelpet, Manipuram
2 Along Drains Srinivasrao Thota Peekalavagukatta, Kortipaddu SC Colony, Muchalal
Reddy Nagar Extention
Exhibit 3.8: Few Open Defecation Grounds across Guntur City
Considering the fact that GMC has about 38% of its population residing in slums, the issue of open
defecation and deficiency in the effectiveness of sanitation in the city, is of utmost concern which
necessitates immediate remedial action.

Map 3.3: Slums & Open Defecation Areas in Guntur

3.3.4 Septage Management
Septage is the partially digested / stabilised faecal waste that comes out of a septic tank when it is
emptied. It is one of the most offensive waste streams which contains very large concentration of
pathogens and viruses and therefore needs to be appropriately neutralised before it can be safely disposed
off. Although municipal legislation as well as those
related to water pollution and environment protection Exhibit 3.9: Cess Pool Vehicle in GMC
prohibit unsafe disposal of any such matter, it is
recognised th at in the absence of any specific legal
provisions, septage management is one of the most
neglected and unregulated sanitation area within the
country. While the Bureau of Indian Standards
prescribes a code of practice for construction of septic
tanks and disposal of effluent, apparently there is no
legal framework in any ULB across the country
governing construction, operational and maintenance
aspects of septic tanks at household or establishment
(commercial or institutional) levels. In recognition of this
gap, the Ministry of Urban Development released an
‘Advisory on Septage Management in Indian Cities’ in
2013 which offers a set of guidelines to State and Local Governments. The Advisory covers technical and
regulatory aspects and recommends ULBs and others to formulate their own bylaws and rules for
management of septage at the city level; regulate the practice of septage disposal and create infrastructure
for safe treatment and disposal, etc.
As discussed in the previous section, the core city (52 wards) is predominantly (around 84%) dependent on
septic tanks. Households, mostly in slums and along the drain length have directly connected their toilets
into open drains thereby polluting them. The sanitation coverage in institutional buildings and commercial
areas within GMC are fairly good except for some places where regular operation and maintenance is of
concern. All of these buildings are connected to septic tank which needs timely cleaning.
Guntur, in the absence of adequate and proper sewerage system majorly depends upon septic tanks for its
waste-water disposal. As per GMC, in the core area covering 52 wards, about 131752 households rely on
septic tanks.
It is reported the most of septic tanks has only one chamber and without soak pit especially in congested
areas of the city. The construction of septic tanks not as per good engineering practices. The size of septic
tanks in some of public toilets is very small and need to get empty within 4-5 days. It is also seen during
visit the direct disposal of toilets waste into nearby open drain.
Faecal sludge in septic tanks and other type of sub-structures where it d oes not get fully stabilised need to
be removed when the tank is full. However, due to its pathogenic nature handling of septage is a very
sensitive issue. It is understood that GMC has very limited specialised vehicles for this purpose evidently,
because of their engagements in drain cleaning activities. Septage management in Guntur is looked after
mainly by private service providers. Private Service Providers clean septic tanks by cesspool vehicle and
charge around Rs. 1500-2000 depending upon the size of the tanks to be cleaned. GMC has two cesspool
vehicles to clean drainages and also for cleaning of septic tanks.
Almost all the public toilets in the city are connected to underground drainage system. Where drainage
connection is absent those toilets mainly community toilets use septic tanks. Septic tanks are emptied by
the private tankers and the partial or untreated sewage is disposed in open areas in the city. There is no
any specified area for septic waste disposal in the city.
It is also important to describe here that in the absence of any operational sewage treatment plant (or any
septage treatment facility), the septage hauled from the septic tanks across the city is emptied in open
areas. Some of the common problems being faced by GMC towards efficient management of septage are
as follows:

1. Inappropriate system design: Although BIS has published standard (IS 2460) for design of septic
tank, however due to lack of awareness and knowledge, people often tend to design and construct
septic tank which do not meet the required standards. Due to absence of an effective monitoring &
evaluation mechanism in place, GMC is unable to keep proper check of septic tanks during
construction.
2. Poor operation and maintenance of septic tanks: It was found out during the field survey that most
of the residents do not pay any special attention towards the maintenance of their septic tanks. Often
irregular cleaning, leakages, hydraulic overloading, usage of acidic cleansing material etc. result in poor
system performance as well as contamination of ground water and surrounding soil.
3. Inadequate septage management system: In spite of almost 83% of the households in Guntur
having septic tanks and with such significant volumes of septage generation, there is inadequate
system for its safe collection & transportation with no provision for its treatment and safe disposal.
3.3.5 Existing Sewerage System
Guntur city is predominantly dependent on storm water drains for disposal of waste water. The presence of
poor sewerage network of 20 km and a non-functional STP of capacity 9 MLD reflects the poor status of
waste-water management and its adequate treatment for safe disposal. According to GMC, the existing
sewer lines (11% coverage) were laid in 1972 and covering core part of the city for length of 20 km.
Topographically, Gujanna Gundla on the northwest is at a higher elevation of around 45 m and areas
towards the south like Auto Nagar and Suddapalli Donka is at a lower elevation of 19 m and 17 m
respectively.
As more than 40 years have elapsed, the sewerage system is defunct with broken pipes. Individual
households are having septic tanks for black water and grey water is disposed into open gutters or
surface drains. All domestic wastewater generated in the localities is discharged through a network of
lined open channels in to the nallahs. As the untreated sewage is directly disposed of in nallahs it leads
to pollution of water bodies. The discharge of waste-water from septic tank leads to mosquito breeding &
people are in constant threat of malaria and diarrhoea.
3.3 .5. 1 Cov erag e
As per census 2011, out of the total no. of households having IHT (153688) about 31% (48,808 HHs) are
connected to the piped sewer system. However, these households incorporate GMC area (52 wards) and
parts of two OG areas and exclude institutional areas.
According to GMC, in the core area (52 wards): around 11% (18371 nos.) of the households are
connected to the existing sewer network. Majority, around 84% of the households are connected to septic
tanks and the remaining households do not have any outlet for toilets which, in other words, mean direct
disposal of waste-water openly in fields or drains. This percentage can further be increased by adding the
above 11% considering that the sewer network is not operational at all.
3.3 .5. 2 Sew ag e Collecti on & Tra nsp orta tion S ys te m
At present, the STP is defunct due to issues pertaining to choking of screening chambers and grit
channels. Overall, the sewage collected from the main drains is channeled via network of kuccha and
pucca drains to Peekalavagu and other drains discharge into Suddapalli Donka towards the south-west of
the city.
3.3 .5. 3 Perf orm ance of S ew erag e Netw ork
20 Km of sewerage network in GMC area faces operational issues and is not working efficiently as the
network is around 40 years old and there is no proper maintenance of sewers and treatment plant which
has resulted in non-functioning of the system.

3.3.5.4 Cap acit y f or S ew ag e Tre atm ent
Sewage treatment is aimed at removing impurities present in wastewater in the form of floating material,
suspended solids, biodegradable organics and elimination of pathogens so as to produce an effluent and
sludge which can be disposed of in the environment without causing health hazards or nuisance.
The STP located at Suddapalli Donka is not in operation (Exhibit 3.10 ) due to technical issues. Therefore,
the sewage collected through the storm water channels is being let into the agricultural fields. From
sanitation perspective, around 84% of the city’s households (core area) are covered by individual toilets.
The rest of the population is dependent on community toilets, constructed by GMC and a small percentage
of the slum population defecate in the open.
Table 3.11: Status of Existing STP
Inflow in the STP
Sr. No. Location Capacity (MLD) Efficiency in %
(MLD)
1. Suddapalli Donka 9.00 7.00 Not working
Exhibit 3.10: Defunct 9 MLD STP at Suddapalli Donka
3.3 .5. 5 Aug m entatio n i n W aste-W ater Manag em ent
The Govt. of India has sanctioned Comprehensive underground Sewerage Scheme at Guntur city at an
estimated Cost of Rs. 903.82 Crore the details of which are as follows:

Project Cost: (Source: GMC)

S. Description of Item Quantity Amount in
No. Lakhs
1 Construction of 8.5 MLD STP with - Moving Media Bio Reactor (MMBR) / FAB 8.5 Mld 1453.02
2 Construction of 3.5 MLD STP with - Moving Media Bio Reactor (MMBR) / FAB 3.5 Mld 598.30
3 Construction of 109 MLD STP with - Moving Media Bio Reactor (MMBR) / FAB 109.00 Mld 14556.95
Sub Total…(A) 16608.27

4 Lying of approach roads for STPs 325.00 Rmt 39.55
5 Construction of Staff quarters at Pumping stations 3 Nos 34.29
6 Construction of Generator room at STPS 3 Nos 20.88
7 Supply, delivery and installation of Generator sets at Pumping stations. 2163.00 KVA 231.15
8 Supply, delivery and installation of Copper Wound outdoor Transformers at Pumping 2163.00 KVA 49.80
stations
9 Provision for HT/LT Line for dedicated power supply including DP structures etc for 15.00 Km 77.19
pumping sttaions
10 Laying of Sewer Trunk mains in Zone-I 13293.00 Rmt 714.41
11 Laying of Sewer Trunk mains in Zone-II 9066.00 Rmt 478.18
12 Laying of Sewer Trunk mains in Zone-III 9628.00 Rmt 429.15
13 Laying of Sewer Trunk mains in Zone-IV 42180.00 Rmt 3963.27
14 Laying of Sewer Trunk mains in Zone-V 47275.00 Rmt 4516.07
Sub Total...(B) 10101.08
15 Laying of Sewer Lines (Laterals) in all zones 1203968.00 Rmt 52133.88
16 Providing Sewer House Service connections 128680.00 Rmt 680.69
17 Construction of Inspection chambers 82992.00 Nos 6344.74
18 Providing Machinery and tools for maintenance 179.78
Sub Total…(C) 86501.30
19 Provision for R & B Road cutting charges 250.00
20 Provision for National / State Highway cutting charges 225.00
21 Provision for Railways crossing charges 350.00
Sub Total…(D) 87326.30
36 contingencies appraised @ 3% 2619.79
37 Administrative charges 436.63
Total Amount in Lakhs Rs. 90382.72

The above 903.82 was sanctioned for 6 zones of the city under one time special Assistance by G.O.I and
the balance 5 zones are proposed under AMRUT scheme as under:
SEWERAGE SYSTEM Cost(in Crores) 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19

Providing decentralised sewerage system to balance 5
zones 200.00 60.00 60.00 80.00
Source: GMC, AMRUT SAAP-2
The status of ongoing/sanctioned projects as provided in AMRUT Slip-1
Table 3.12: Status of Ongoing/ Sanctioned Projects
Name of the Project Scheme Name Estimated Cost in Rs Duration

Crore
Providing comprehensive UGS APCRDA Special Grant 2016/2017 - Feb. 2019 Funds to
to GMC under CRDA special be released to ULB
Grant 564.29
Components: Description
1). Construction of STP Providing STP in place of 18.50 2017-2018
defunct STP
2). Sewer Network 956.84 Km 388.52 2017-2018
3). House Service Connections 157278 numbers 157.27 2018-2019
3.3.6 Demand-Supply Gap in Sewerage System
After discussion with the GMC Engineering department, it was found that the 20 km of existing sewerage
lines are quite old and face operational challenges on a regular basis. These are in urgent need of
replacement as they have out-lived their lives. Under the on-going projects, sewer lines of length 956.84
Km has been proposed under AMRUT.
At present, considering 80% of the current water supply, the sewage generation in the city is 74.4 MLD.
However, an estimate based on the guidelines from The Central Public Health and Environmental
Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) has been made to assess the generated sewage volume in Guntur
as tabulated below.
Table 3.13: Demand-Supply Gap Analysis for Sewage Treatment
Year
Description
2011 2016 2021 2026 2031 2036 2041
Projected Population 746093 818161 898600 987408 1084587 1190136 1304056
Floating population (Peak Daily) - 54830 60220 66172 72684 79758 87392
Water demand in MLD as per CPHEEO
101 110 121 133 146 161 176
norms@ 135 lpcd
Water Demand by Floating population @ 45
0.00 2.47 2.71 2.98 3.27 3.59 3.93
lpcd
Total water demand (MLD) 100.72 112.92 124.02 136.28 149.69 164.26 179.98
Sewage Generation estimation @80% 80.6 90.3 99.2 109.0 119.8 131.4 144.0
As per the gap analysis, the city requires around 144 MLD capacity of sewerage treatment plant by the end
of 2041. Also, for the current and short term requirement (2021), the city requires 90 MLD and 100 MLD
STPs respectively. The proposed sewer lines of around 956.84 km are to be laid in the city.

3.3.7 Service Levels in GMC Area
Based on the analysis of available infrastructure for sanitation and wastewater management, the
corresponding service levels in GMC (core area + newly added areas) are presented in Table 3.14.
Table 3.14: Sanitation Service Levels in GMC Area
Parameters SLB Norm (%) GMC Status (%)

Coverage of toilets 100 83*
Coverage of sewerage network services 100 10
Adequacy of sewage treatment 100 0
Quality of sewage treatment 100 0
Extent of reuse and recycling of sewage 20 0
Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints 80 95
(in this case for septage management)
Extent of cost recovery in sewage management 100 75
Efficiency in collection of sewerage charges 90 75
Source: GMC officials, Census-2011, AMRUT, CDP
* This HH coverage pertains to all the 62 wards in GMC area and assumes 5% coverage of toilets in the 10 newly merged areas.
However, in 52 wards (core city area), the coverage of household toilets are 95% i.e. 84% connected to septic tanks and 11% to
sewer network
3.3.8 Key Issues
Broadly, Guntur city is in a poor state of sanitation considering the absence of a complete sewerage
network and its subsequent treatment for its safe disposal. Only 10% of the GMC core area is covered with
UGD network; however, the system is not operational. GMC has a 9 MLD sewerage treatment plant at
Suddapalli Donka which is defunct and needs to be restored. Also, there is no sewerage system in the
newly merged areas. With respect to sanitation, coverage of individual household toilets based on septic
tanks are high in number, however, in the absence of sewer connections few houses, mainly residing along
the drain length are letting their waste dispose in open drains which is a threat to the Inadequate public
toilets is another issue to be addressed by the GMC. Key issues pertaining to sanitation and waste water
management in Guntur city are as follows:
• Only about 7% of geographical area and 10 % of households are covered under the sewerage
system.
• Existing 9 MLD sewerage treatment plant is defunct due to which the untreated sewage from open
drains and effluent channels is disposed into agricultural fields.
• The newly merged areas (10 villages) lack both sanitation and sewerage network coverage.
• The existing open sewage disposal system without any treatment is emerging as an environmental
threat for the city and the neighbouring villages
• No sewage cess hence, no revenue generation as sewerage system absent
• Open defecation in the vicinity of Railway Track, drains and open land near slums owing to paucity
of community toilets/ number of seats
• Low usage of public/community toilets due to inadequate number of toilet seats and urinals. Poor
O & M of toilets and anaesthetic surroundings also contribute to its low usage.
• Direct discharge of excreta / sewage into the drains by households located along its length.
• Unsafe disposal of effluent and septage from septic tanks due to Lack of a robust septage
management system with proper licensing at all stages
• Majority of kutcha drains running throughout the city are found carrying stagnant waste water. The
situation worsens during rainy season when the sewage overflows on to the roads.

• The existing unsafe sewage disposal system without any treatment is an environmental threat for
the city and the neighbouring villages.
3.4 Storm Water Drai nage
With rising urbanization, increasing population density and increasing built up/ paved areas, the problem of
storm water drainage is attaining larger dimensions. This is particularly so due to the unique monsoon
rainfall pattern as experienced in the Indian subcontinent. Most of the towns in the country get adversely
affected due to short-duration-high-intensity rainfall where the available infrastructure is unable to cope
with the surge of surface run off, leading to temporary flooding/ stagnation in important areas, let alone the
low lying low income areas.
From this point of view, an assessment of the existing storm water drainage system in Guntur city and
issues pertaining to infrastructure, localized flooding, etc. are described in this section.
3.4.1 Drainage In The City
Disposal of storm water is very critical components of urban infrastructure. As discussed earlier the
condition of storm water drainage system due to rapid and haphazard urbanization resulting, in most part
of the city, wherever low lying colonies have been developed, suffer from problems of water logging and
flooding. It is observed that the basic issue which is neglected here is the comprehensive design of drains,
including other utility network including their execution, maintenance and operation. Due to the faster
growth of population and rapid increase in the land prices, habitation has extended to the low lying areas
which do not have proper drainage outlets.
Guntur city does not have a separate storm water drainage network. The outfall drains mentioned below
receive drainage from the entire city through a network of open drains running across the existing roads.
a. Peekalvagu drain: It is a natural drain and starts from the north central part of the city, flows in
south direction turns to east direction and then leaves the city crossing at NH-5.
b. Koritepadu drain: It flows from north central part of city to northwards and leaves the municipal
boundary at Amravati road and then turns eastwards and meets the Peddavagu drain.
c. Sudapalli donka drain: This drain originates from the central part of old city and flows eastwards
and crosses the NH-5.
d. Budhapadu drain: This drain flows from central part of city to southwards along Budampadu road
and crosses the municipal boundary at NH-5.
The topography of the city, its major outfall drains along with the existing network of storm water drains are
presented in Map 3.4.
According to GMC, there are 838 Km pucca drains and 351 km of semi-pucca drains in the city. Street
drains of 225mm to 450mm and 600mm were constructed long back and it caters only to normal rainfall as
during heavy rain the drains do not have the capacity to discharge storm water efficiently as the drainage
capacities are insufficient to carry peak flow upto 3 to 4 hours. Details of existing drainage network in GMC
are presented as follows:
S.No. Drain Category Length (Km)
1 Open Drain (Pucca) 838
2 Open Drain (semi-pucca) 351
3 Under Ground Drainage Network 87
4 Total 1276
Source: GMC

Average rain fall of the city is 830mm which in the event of and absent/inefficient drainage network results
inundating low lying areas and also affects the normal course of the city mainly during rainy season.
Areas around Nallacheruvu road, Etukuru road and the old Guntur area are prone to frequent flooding. In
specific, areas that are generally flooded during monsoon are presented below in Table.
S. No. Ward No. Name of Area
1 38 Cobaldpet
2 32 Stambalagaruvu
3 38 Brodipet Kalava Poramboku
4 46 Ratnapuri Colony
5 02 RTC Colony
6 52 Ambedkar Nagar
7 52 Paramayyakunta
8 02 Shop Employee Colony
9 06 Anandapet, Yanadi Colony
10 20 Sampth Nagar
11 29 Seetharama Nagar
12 26 & 27 KVP Colony
Source: GMC
No. of flood prone points in the city identified by GMC Engineering department are:
S.No. Area No of points

1 Key road intersection 25
2 Along roads ( 50 mt length or more) 32

3 Locality (affecting 50 HH or more) 17
Source: GMC; AMRUT
According to the information available from the Engineering section, GMC, the total length of road network
in the city including merged villages is approximately 1249 kms covered by National Highways, State
Highways, Major Roads, Internal Roads, out of which 754 Km is within the core city and the remaining in
newly merged areas.
During field investigations, it was observed that most of the drains are ill maintained, damaged and
dumped with municipal solid waste. Dumping of garbage, particularly plastics, causes serious reduction in
waterways of main drainage channels. Following exhibits depict the existing situation in the city at present
Poor solid waste management in the town is another issue which affects discharge capacity of drains and
leads to localized flooding in residential and market areas in case of intense showers. Open gutters are
routinely cleaned by municipal workers, however the sludge and debris are invariably left to dry on the road
sides which impair aesthetics and cause discomfort to people.

Exhibit 3.11: Solid waste disposed in drains across Guntur city
It may be noted that the width of many drains is quite big and are passing through settlements and even
through market areas which pose risk to the lives of people residing in its vicinity as there is a high
possibility of people falling in those drains.
Considering inadequate sewerage system in the city, many households, mainly in slum areas and
settlements along the drain length dispose waste-water directly into these drains

Disposal of waste-water directly into drains
It is also reported that many areas of the city get flooded during heavy rainfall and water remains stagnant
for couple of days. There is no pumping station to pump out the water from these areas.
Flooding of drains during rains

3.4.2 Drainage Service Levels
Lack of comprehensive drainage network and insufficient discharge of drains the service levels are not
meeting the needs of the city in any manner. Service levels for drainage aspect in Guntur city is presented
in Table 3.15. As per GMC, the coverage of storm water drainage is reported to be 80%. The City has
storm water open drainage system but no pumping station for low lying areas where flooding occurs during
monsoon. It creates unhygienic living conditions and causes many water borne diseases in the vicinity.
Open drains receives toilet waste throughout the year causing bad odours and also create unhygienic
living conditions. There are issues with connectivity, discharge capacity and blockage due to poor solid
waste management in the city. Cleaning of small and major drains not being properly done and lot of solid
waste, sewage and silt can be seen in the drains.
Table 3.15: Storm Water Drainage Service Levels in Guntur
Parameters SLB Service level

Coverage of storm water drainage network 100% 80%*
Incidence of water logging/flooding 0 12-15
Source: GMC Engineering Dept.; CDP
In a typical urban setting characterised by densely built-up areas, the storm water management becomes a
critical issue due to diversion of open lands, increased built up areas and encroachments of water bodies,
etc. Due to the unique Monsoon rainfall pattern in the Indian subcontinent, most of the towns in the country
get adversely affected due to short-duration-high-intensity rainfall where the available infrastructure is
unable to cope with the surge of surface run off, leading to temporary flooding/ stagnation in important
areas, let alone the low lying low income areas. The natural drainage pattern for Guntur is presented in
Map 3.5.
Therefore, it is very crucial to plan the development of the city with due consideration to the habitation and
land use patterns, rainfall pattern, characteristics and capacity of the watershed/ drainage basin, etc. An
effective approach would be to develop a drainage system balanced with the optimised levels of drainage
efficiency with minimal adverse environmental impacts.
3.4.3 Proposed projects
To address the gap and to improve the existing storm water drainage situation in the city, GMC has
proposed to provide comprehensive storm water drainage network at an estimated cost of Rs. 585.08
crores under AMRUT scheme, the details of which are presented in the Table below:
Project Name Physical Year in Year in Change in service levels Estimated

Components which to which Indicator Existing After cost
be proposed (As-Is) (To-be)
impleme to be
nted completed
Providing Basin I: North 2016 2016 100% 30% 100% 44.75
West area
comprehensive
Basin II: North 2016 2017 100% 25% 100% 28.80
storm water East area
drainage Basin III: East side 2016 2017 100% 43% 100% 97.27
besides central
network area
Basin IV: Central 2017 2017 100% 36% 100% 201.54
area
Basin V: West 2017 2018 100% 27% 100% 11.07
side besides

Project Name Physical Year in Year in Change in service levels Estimated

Components which to which Indicator Existing After cost
be proposed (As-Is) (To-be)
impleme to be
nted completed
central area
Basin VI: South 2017 2018 100% 48% 100% 11.73
West area
Basin VII: South 2017 2018 100% 43% 100% 11.90
area
Major Drains 2016 2018 100% 25% 100% 179.02
Total 585.08
As per GMC, the above proposed plan aims to make Guntur a water inundation free city having good
sanitation thus, reducing the water borne diseases and improving the living standards of the people.

Map 3.4: Storm Water Drainage in Guntur
Source: GMC

Map 3.5: Natural Drainage Pattern in Guntur

According to the MoUD guidelines, it is expected that 100% of the road length of a city, wider than 3.5 m
carriageway, should have pucca and covered drains along the road length.
3.4.4 Key issues
Concerns pertaining to storm water drainage in the city are listed as follows:
• Blockage of drains due to solid waste in the drain is the major cause of flooding.
• Direct disposal of toilet waste water, kitchen waste water etc. in drains create unhygienic living
condition and reduce the discharge capacity of drains.
• Inundation even in low rainfall and frequent silting of major and minor drains owing to waste-water
discharge and disposal of garbage mainly by households residing in areas all along the drainage
network.
Issues and its effects w.r.t storm water drainage in the city are as follows:
Table 3.16: Issues Affecting Storm Water Drainage Services
Issues Effects
Lack of a robust and reliable - Open storm water drains which are generally misused for disposal of
underground/ covered storm water sewage/ excreta, solid waste and road sweepings that often block the drains
drainage network in residential and causing stagnation of wastewater and hence, offer breeding sites for
commercial areas mosquitoes
Absence of storm water pumping

- Localised flooding in important commercial and residential areas as well as
stations at important / strategic
low lying habitations, often leading to loss of businesses, goods and property
locations
Absence of sewer network and lack of - Increasing urbanization levels and absence of proper sewerage system
treatment capacity in certain localities. leading to disposal of wastewater in the drainage system
Blockage of natural drainage pattern - Flooding in core city, low-lying areas and low income communities/ squatter
due to solid waste disposal in drains slum settlements
- Inability to carry out strategic planning and develop critical infrastructure e.g.,
Lack of technical expertise and
storm water pumping stations, drainage network, etc.
capacity
- Design insufficiencies, resulting in under or oversized drains.
- Inability while cleaning the drain, resulting in choked drains and hence
Improper drain cleaning,
overflowing and flooding.
Encroachments along, unauthorized
- Insufficient maintenance, leading to despair chockage etc.
settlement.
- Obstruction to Natural flow due to encroachment of sides of drains.
3.5 Status of Municipal Solid Waste Management
The current system has been analyzed with the point of view to highlight the key issues in the city. Based
on this situation analysis, a concept plan with the choice of technology for an effective and efficient waste
management system in the city will be proposed for the next 30 years. This will be in compliance to the
MSW management & handling rules, 2000 and Draft Rules 2015 and in conjunction with the recommended
guidelines of the Swachh Bharat Mission to achieve a sustainable system for solid waste management in

the city. Further, the plan is supported with the estimate of the capital investment and O&M cost needed for
development of the proposed infrastructure for achieving the goal of 100% sanitation for the city of Guntur.
Overview: Similar to any other urban local body of the country, Guntur Municipal Corporation (GMC) is
responsible for solid waste management within its municipal boundary. The current scenario prevalent at
the ground level in Guntur city reflects the challenge which the Corporation is facing on a daily basis in an
effort to keep the city clean. Broadly speaking, inept waste management system coupled with lack of
institutional capacity is resulting in poor and unhygienic living conditions and deterioration of the
environment in and around the city. The Public Health Department, headed by the Deputy Commissioner is
responsible for solid waste management in the city.
With a total population of over 8 lakhs covering an area of 159 sq. km., the city of Guntur is in an alarming
state when it comes to the management of its solid waste generated and its subsequent treatment.
According to GMC, the estimated waste generation in Guntur is 320 MT/day.
Inspite of 97% waste collection coverage in 53 wards (52 wards of old area and 1 ward from newly added
area) the system at present is in a state of disarray, more so, due to the nuisance created by the waste
disposed at the transit point at Etukuru road and the open solid waste dumping site at Naidupet.
Ward-wise household waste collection, street sweeping, drain cleaning operations are managed by 22
Sanitary Inspectors categorized in divisions and supported by 43 sanitary maistries. Municipal Health
officer along with the Environmental Engineer (on contract basis) oversee and monitor the whole system
with the assistance of 3 Sanitary Supervisors.
At present, sanitary inspectors (SI) are incharge of 53 wards in GMC, monitored by sanitary supervisors.
Each SI has an office in the ward he is responsible for to facilitate Door-to-Door collection of waste, drain
cleaning and street sweeping works efficiently. 488 permanent and 1667 outsourced sanitary workers
employed to carry out these works are managed (daily attendance) by IRIS automated system as well as
recorded manually too. This helps in distribution of workers throughout the ward in an effective manner and
to avoid any disruption to daily services caused by the absence of workers.
Daily SWM Operations at the Ward Level
SI Division 3 office for Ward 6 & 7 Consultation with Sanitary Inspector P. Ayub Khan
IRIS automated system Daily attendance of sanitary workers manually and by

automated system

Details of area allotted to sanitary workers for DTD collection, street sweeping & drain cleaning
Area demarcated for Push-carts displaying numbers and boundaries within the ward

3.5.1 W aste Generation
As per GMC, the estimated waste generation in Guntur is 320 MT/day. However, as per our assessment of
total waste generation in the city considering the waste collection coverage, proportion of C&D waste
received at the dumpsite and the waste collected from 2 villages it is estimated to be about 368 MT per
day. This estimate is based on the waste generation rate considered as 450 gpcd as per the CPHEEO
norms which is also in line with the other Indian cities of similar size.
Also, this waste generation rate is also as per the waste quantification study carried out in DPR for MSWM
in Guntur by Andhra Pradesh Urban Finance and infrastructure development corporation (APUFIDC).
Therefore, in accordance to the CPHEEO norms considering the waste generation rate of about 450 grams
per capita per day, at present daily waste generation of Guntur city is estimated be 368 MT/day which is
estimated to increase over 843 tons in the horizon year 2041 (Table 3.17).
Table 3.17: Projections for MSW Generation, Guntur
Total Solid
SW gpcd @ SW Floating SW gpcd @ SW
Projected Waste
Year 1.2% Generation Pop. (Peak 1.2% Generation
Population Generated
growth p.a (MT) daily) growth p.a (MT)
(MT/day)
2011 746093 429 320.00 50000 429 21.45 341.45

2016 818161 450 368.17 54830 450 24.67 392.85
2021 898600 478 429.22 60220 478 28.76 457.99
2026 987408 507 500.63 66172 507 33.55 534.18
2031 1084587 538 583.69 72684 538 39.12 622.81
2036 1190136 571 679.86 79758 571 45.56 725.42
2041 1304056 606 790.72 87392 606 52.99 843.71
Further, observations from the field visit and records examined on site reflects that the waste transported to
the Transfer Station at Etukuru road by Autos, private/commercial tractors, dumpers, tractors, tippers is
around 450 MT (average) as it receives waste from the entire city.
Similarly, at the main solid waste dumping facility ay Naidupet, the 4 heavy loaders that transport the waste
from the transit point to the dumping site records an average of 425 tonnes of waste per day dumped by 34
trips minimum.
3.5.2 Segregation of W aste
Waste segregation at any of the stages of waste collection, transportation and disposal is totally absent in
Guntur. The residents also do not follow any practice of waste segregation at source apart from the usual
selling of newspapers, plastics, glass bottles to the informal recyclers (kabadiwalas) as depicted in Exhibit
3.12. Similarly, during the field visit it was observed that some level of waste recovery is done by the
ragpickers and GMC sanitary workers during DTD collection, few of whom sell it to the kabadiwalas before
disposing the waste to the community bins or open designated dumping spaces.
The ragpickers are an important component of the waste management system in terms of segregation of
waste as they separate the recyclables or reusables and sell it to the kabadiwalas for making a living. The
information obtained from the field assessement and consultations with few kabadiwalas and ragpickers in
Guntur city is as follows:
1). Kabadiwala under manipuram bridge
• Receive waste from ragpickers and others from 3 wards
• Buy Paper @ Rs. 2/kg; sell @ Rs. 3/kg
• Buy Plastic @ Rs. 10/kg; sell @ Rs. 12/kg
2). Ragpicker settlement in Johny Colony ward no. 45

• Approx. 30 ragpicker families residing
• Daily Income: Rs. 150-200/person
• Sell plastic, paper @ Rs. 5/Kg
• Sell Iron @ Rs. 10/Kg
3). Ragpickers at Solid Waste Disposal Site

• Approx. 30-35 ragpickers collect plastic etc. from the site including few children
• Sell 8 kgs. of Iron collected @ Rs. 8
• Sell 7 kgs. of Plastic collected @ Rs. 14
Exhibit 3.12: Informal Recyclers- Ragpickers and Kabadiwalas in GMC

Selling of Plastics and paper from households to kabadi Shops
Kabadiwala under Manipuram Bridge
Segregation at the Transit Point, Etukuru Road
Ragpicker settlement in Johny Colony; Ward 45

Ragpickers at the Solid Waste Dump-site, Naidupet
3.5.3 Existing W aste Col lection & Transp ort ati on S yst em
In view of general public’s habit of throwing garbage into nearby vacant area/plot or open drains instead of
carrying it to nearby community bin/container, MoUD encourages ULBs to implement Door to Door (DTD)
Collection service which is also part of the requirements of MSW Management and Handling Rules, 2000
and Draft Rules 2015.
According to GMC, at present Door-to-Door (DTD) Collection is prevalent in 53 Wards. The rest of the 9
wards are the newly added villages that have led to the expansion of the municipal limits and at present the
waste is being collected from these villages once or twice a week. According to GMC sanitation
department, the waste collection coverage in these wards is 97% which reflects that the overall coverage
including the newly added merged areas in GMC core area is 83%.
As per GMC, there is no user fee imposed by the Municipal Corporation however, there is a penalty of Rs.
50-200 on throwing waste on roads, in drains or public places.
“Oorante Gunture,’’ the comprehensive sanitation drive being taken up by Guntur Municipal Corporation in
2013 introduced the push-cart system for an efficient door-to-door waste collection system in the city.
Primary collection of waste from households is done through Push-carts & Auto-Tippers. These Push-
carts and Auto-tippers dispose the collected waste in the mixed form ‘with no provision for its segregation
at source’ into Dumper Bins or community/storage bins or open waste disposal points within localities and
residential areas.
Door-to-Door Collection System: DTD collection in the entire 53 wards is being carried out by 506 push-
carts and by 43 Auto-tippers from 7.30 am onwards each serving around 350-400 households. As per
GMC sanitation officials, each push-cart comprises of 8 containers/bins of varying capacities (65 litres, 80
litres)

\
DTDC by push-carts handled by 3 sanitary workers No segregation of Waste at the Household level
Discussions with sanitary workers along with ULB Auto-tippers for HH waste collection
officials
Thereafter, these Push-carts and Auto-tippers transfer the waste to the secondary storage/collection
equipment or community bins/dumper bins of 3 - 3.5 cum capacity as depicted below.
Push-cart waste being transferred to secondary storage bins

Push-cart and auto-tipper waste being transferred to Auto-tipper waste being transferred to secondary
secondary storage bins storage bins
Dumper Placers loading dumper bins Dumper bins being covered by net to prevent flying
of waste during transportation
The primary waste collection is being carried out in an efficient manner by the sanitary workers, majority
being women workers. However, it is seemingly a labour intensive work when push-carts are being pushed
on slopes or the distance to the storage bins are quite far considering the inadequacy of these bins and its
placement. These containers receive mixed waste from the households and also are receptacles to waste
originating from street sweeping and drain cleaning.
Poor collection efficiency can be seen in the form of dumping of garbage in open areas and in drains.
Ineffectiveness and inefficiency in collection may be attributed to the inadequate numbers of community
bins for secondary storage, unplanned positioning of these bins and frequency of emptying of waste from
these bins as evident from the overflowing waste.
According to GMC officials responsible for SWM in the city there are around 100 open disposal points in
Guntur city, however, the number is quite high as assessed during field investigations revealing on an
average of 4 open points per ward.

Commercial and Bulk Waste:

This waste is collected separately by private operators/contractors/agencies mainly through tractors and
transported to the Transit point directly at Etukuru road.
Transportation System: The Engineering department is responsible for vehicles involved in managing
solid waste in the city. GMC has waste collection and transportation vehicles (105 nos. in total) of different
types and make, the details of which are presented in Table 3.18 and depicted in Exhibit. Expenditure on
O&M of vehicles is presented in Table 3.20. According to the Engineering Dept. almost all the vehicles are
in good state and the breakdown percentage is as low as 5%. However, it seems that there is a lack of
coordination between the engineering and the public health department as there are issues pertaining to
timely collection of waste and its subsequent transportation to the dump-site owing to factors such as
vehicle breakdown or diverted to other works than SWM thus, hindering the waste C&T operations in the
city. The fact that the frequency of dumper placers loading filled dumper bins is min. 3 times a day,
management of vehicles is certainly a concern.
The existing infrastructure of vehicles (Exhibit) for waste collection & transportation is not adequate to
provide 100% coverage to the city, which is quite evident from the sight of heaps of accumulated waste
around the containers, in the drains and open disposal points at many places across the city. GMC is about
to procure more vehicles, mainly Refuse compactors (around 2 nos.).It is also proposed to make Guntur a
bin-less city to facilitate cleanliness by preventing overflowing of the waste and efficient collection of waste.
Table 3.18: Waste Collection & Transportation Vehicles/Equipment, GMC
S.No Type of Vehicle/equipment No. of Vehicles

1 Push-carts 506
2 Dumper Placer Bins 130
3 Tractors 31
4 Dumper Placers 19
5 Auto-tippers 43
6 Heavy Loaders 4
7 J.C.B 2
8 PC-71 1
9 Bull 1
10 Heavy Loaders 4

Exhibit 3.13: Vehicles in the Workshop shed Used for MSW C&T in GMC
Table 3.19: Expenditure on O&M of Vehicles
SL No Description of Item Per Month Annum AMOUNT
1 Dumpers, Tippers 2,00,000.00 12 24,00,000.00
2 Autos 2,00,000.00 12 24,00,000.00
3 Heavy Loaders 2,00,000.00 12 24,00,000.00
4 JCB,PC-71,Bull,Road Rollar 2,00,000.00 12 24,00,000.00
5 Tractors and Trailers 1,50,000.00 12 18,00,000.00
6 Oils and Lubricants 30,00,000.00 12 3,60,00,000.00
Total 4,74,00,000.00

3.5 .3. 1 Stree t Sw eep ing & Drai n Cle ani ng
According to GMC officials, Street sweeping is carried out together with the cleaning of drains manually
with the use of brooms and pushcarts, without any gloves and safety shoes. This waste is also disposed off
directly in the community bins regardless of the wet and germ-infested characteristic of the waste coming
out of the drains. During the field visit it was observed that the tools privided for cleaning of drains are not
upto the specifications thus, making it ineffective.
Street sweeping is carried out everyday throughout the city i.e in wards, commercial areas in the morning
hours between 5.30 am – 7.30am. The cleaning of drains is done daily 7.30 am onwards during collection
of waste from the households. Among 3 workers assigned to a push-cart, one worker is responsible for
cleaning of the drains.
Street sweeping being carried out in various parts of the city
3.5 .3. 2 C&D W aste Manag em ent
GMC does not have any separate system for management of its construction and demolition (C&D) waste.
Currently, this type of waste is usually dumped and disposed off indiscriminately along roads, drains,
rivers, vacant plots or low lying areas and gets mixed with the municipal waste as depicted in Exhibit 3.14.
During the field visit to the solid waste disposal site at Naidupet it was observed that the site also recieves
considerable amount of construction & demolition waste.
Exhibit 3.14: C&D Waste Dumping on Plots & at Dumping Site
C&D waste dumped in front of shops C&D waste at dumpig site, Naidupet
3.5 .3. 3 Bio-Medical W aste Man ag em ent
Biomedical waste generated from hospitals, nursing homes, dispensaries, clinics, pathologies etc. in the
city is handled by SAFENVIRON. According to the information obtained from SAFENVIRON, there are 300
Nos. of hospitals in Guntur city, 2 being govt. hospitals. The quantity of waste collected every day is 550

kgs by 3 vehicles (1 stand-by) in the presence of two supervisors who monitor the process of collection and
segregation of bio medical waste. Regarding the 10 new villages added to Guntur Municipal Corporation,
none of them have enrolled with M/s. Safenviron.
Segregated bio-medical waste from the hospitals is collected in yellow, red and white bags and transported
to the treatment facility located at Chinnakakani, Guntur District. At the treatment facility, yellow bags are
treated in an incinerator ay 850 deg Celsius and 1050 deg Celsius in Primary and secondary Chamber.
Smoke from the incineration is treated in APCE and let into the atmosphere via Chimney ay 30 mts height.
Red colour bags and white jars are autoclaved at 121 deg Celsius and 5 PSI pressure and shredded. They
are then recycled. The process is depicted in the flow chart below:
Source: SAFENVIRON
Other smaller hospitals located at the periphery of GMC limits do not have any effective system to safely
manage their waste and currently they do it by burying or throwing. This creates a possibility of open
dumping of medical wastes which might get picked up by the rag pickers.
3.5.4 Handling of Plastic W aste
According to GMC, Ban on Plastic carry bags of less than 40 Microns is observed in Guntur city. Regular
raids & penalties are imposed on vendors to ban sale of carry bags less than 40 microns. Alternate cloth
bags are encouraged by self-help groups and are made available in the market. As per the public health
department, penalties of amount Rs. 34800/- have been imposed since one year and 500 to 600 kgs
plastic carry bags seized.
3.5 .4. 1 Conserv anc y St af f
The Public Health/Sanitation department of GMC at the administrative level mainly comprises, among
others, 1 Municipal Health Officer, 3 Sanitary Supervisors, 22 Sanitary Supervisors. The deployment of the
manpower at the ward level is planned by sanitary inspectors Sanitary Inspectors are responsible for
monitoring and supervision of door to door collection of waste from households, containers, road sides,
drains and street sweeping along with drain cleaning in their respective wards. Overall daily operations of

waste collection & transportation are supervised by the Sanitary Supervisor who further reports to the
Municipal Health Officer. Details about the sanitary staff responsible for solid waste management in the city
are presented in Table 3.20. During the field visit, it was observed that the workers involved in street
sweeping generally wear uniforms but do not use personal protection equipment, e.g., gloves, caps,
masks, etc. citing reasons of discomfort.
Table 3.20: GMC Staff for Solid Waste Management in Guntur
Department Staff Position Sanctioned Posts Employment Status (in position)
CMHO 01 01
01
Municipal Health Officer 01
01
Biologist 01
Environment Engineer 01
01
(On Contract Basis)
03
Sanitary Supervisor 03
16
Public Health Sanitary Inspectors 22
06
Health Assistants 22
38
Sanitary Maistries 43
488
Permanent Workers 949
10
Drivers 22
03
Cleaners 04
It is pertinent to note that these workers are exposed to many diseases and may face serious health
issues, owing to manual handling of waste without any personal protective equipment. Also, there is no
safety training being imparted to the workers regarding use of personal protective equipment, awareness
on handling of different types of wastes and their impacts and no regular health check camps being
organized.
3.5.5 W aste Disposal and Treatment System
There is no scientific waste disposal or treatment system in Guntur city. The collected waste from entire
city of Guntur is transported first to the transit/collection point at Etukuru road. It is an open area of 4.5
acres that receives waste from all ends and is dumped indiscriminately. This site is around 3 km from the
city.
From the transit point, the waste is transferred via 4 loaders every day to a 76 acre open dump-site at
Naidupet owned by GMC.

Dumper Placers transporting bins to The Transit Heavy Loaders transporting waste from transit
Point at Etukuru Road point to Dump-Site at Naidupet
Transit point at Etukuru Road

The transit point at Etukuru road as shown in pictures above shows incomplete infrastructure of the MSW
processing and power generation plant. According to GMC, this plant was developed by a private operator
on 4.5 acres of land and had received subsidy under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy scheme.
However, the plant was never operational and stands as a dilapidated structure at present.
Owing to lack of adequate community bins, inefficient DTD timely collection of wastes from households,
residents have no choice but to dispose the waste at the open disposal points or to the nearest community
bin, which is mostly overflowing with excess waste around it, thus, adding to odour nuisance and major
health impacts (Exhibit 3.15). It is pertinent to note that even the drain cleaners dispose off either in the
bins or open spaces which during monsoons flow back into the drains along with the scattered solid waste
thus, choking and blocking the normal flow of drains.
Exhibit 3.15: Open Disposal of MSW in Drains /Roadside
The site may be classified as a dump site without any scientific system for waste disposal & its storage
(Exhibit 3.16). The site does not have any system for leachate management & daily soil coverage of waste.
JCB is there on-site to level the waste in order to create space for more waste. It is also noted that the city
also does not have any facility for waste recovery and processing other than manual recovery of some
recyclables from the waste at the dump site by few rag pickers. All the generated waste of the city is simply

dumped here without any kind of treatment. Such kind of waste management system acts as a potential
source of contamination of soil, groundwater and air pollution.
Exhibit 3.16: Existing Solid Waste Dump Site at Naidupet
As per records obtained from the dumping site w.r.t no. of vehicle trips and waste quantity, on an average
around 425 tons of MSW is daily transported to this waste disposal site. It was also estimated that around
30-40 MT/day of waste is coconut waste as also observed from the waste dumped in open.
There is significant burning of waste resulting in smoke in the surrounding area. The ragpickers (including
children) who help in the recovery of waste are exposed to the toxic nature of this smoke that is steady
throughout the whole day. There is an urgent need for GMC to finalise the development of its waste
treatment & disposal facility.
Respectively, according to GMC, a waste to energy plant is being proposed in a step to address the need
for proper waste treatment. Corporation went for MoU with ZINDAL power generators to initiate power
generating unit at Naidupet dumping yard by allocating 20 acres. However, at present no construction work
has been initiated.
3.5.6 W aste Management in Slum Areas
Based on the Slum Free City Plan of Action (SFCPoA) for Guntur Municipal Corporation about 46% of the
slum households have door to door waste collection system and 21% of the households have access to
community bins. A large 33% of the households do not have access to any kind of waste disposal system
and consequently dispose wastes either in the adjoining vacant lands/fields, or along the roads or into the
storm water drains.

Map 3.6: Solid Waste Disposal Site in Guntur

3.5.7 On-going Augmentation in SW M
Waste to Energy Plant

Corporation has signed an MOU with Zindal power generators to initiate power generating unit at Naidupet
dumping yard by allocating 20 acres. According to the Corporation this will help in raising economic
resources, employment generation and will keep the city clean. The details of the project are as follows:
Project Developer : M/S JITF Urban Infra Ltd., Delhi

Project Cost : Rs.180.00 Crores.
Construction Period : 18 months.
Municipal Waste details : Total 1202 Tons per day comprising the following:
1) Guntur 320 Tons per day

2) Vijayawada 525 Tons per day
3) Tenali 68 Tons per day
4) Chilakaluripeta 62 Tons per day
5) Sattenapalli 45 Tons per day
6) Mangalagiri 52 Tons per day
7) Narsaropeta 65 Tons per day
8) Ponnur 35 Tons per day
9) Tadepalli 30 Tons per day
Waste Treatment Process: Production of Refused Derived Fuel (RDF). This RDF will be sent to the
controlled combustion chamber to produce heat energy for generation of steam to in turn produce
Electricity through steam turbine-Generator set. This technology is based on Rankine cycle which is
globally adopted for its reliability and proven features. It is the most convenient and eco-friendly way of
processing the waste.
Advantage of project:
With this project, the entire daily generated waste from Guntur, Vijayawada, Tenalai, Chilakaluripeta,
Sattenapalli, Mangalagiri, Narsaropeta, Ponnur and Tadepalli Municipalities will be processed in eco-
friendly methods on daily basis and as such cities will be clean and thereby reduce air pollution and
contamination of ground water.
3.5.8 MSW Serv ice Lev els
A summary of assessment of the waste management service levels in the entire municipal region has been
prepared and is presented in Table 3.21. The assessment is based on the information collected during field
survey, discussions with GMC officials and secondary sources.
Table 3.21: Service Levels for MSW Management
Parameters SLB ULB Area

Household level coverage of solid waste management services 100% 86%*
Efficiency of collection of municipal solid waste 100% 83%
Extent of segregation of municipal solid waste (at HH) 100% 0
Extent of municipal solid waste recovered 80% <10%
Extent of scientific disposal of municipal solid waste 100% 0
Efficiency in redressal of customer complaints 80% 80%
Extent of cost recovery in SWM services 100% 26%
Efficiency in collection of SWM charges 90% 0
Source: GMC, CDP, Primary assessment, stakeholder consultation
*Considering 97% of household level coverage in 53 wards; 20% coverage in newly added areas

3.5.9 Key Issues and Concerns
An assessment of the existing system of waste management, in particular, the absence of waste
segregation, adequate community bins, waste transportation in closed vehicles on a day to day basis,
treatment (composting, waste-to-energy) and its safe disposal at the engineered landfill was undertaken
through a series of meetings with various levels of officials, consultations with on-ground sanitation staff
staff in the corporation and field visit.
Based on the above analysis, it is evident that the city is facing a range of environmental issues due to
poor state of municipal solid waste management in the city. Absence of appropriate and adequate waste
management system has led to indiscriminate littering and disposal all across the town in low lying areas,
along the roads, on vacant lands and into the drains creating poor aesthetics and unsafe environment in
the town. This is leading to severe blockages and choking of the drainage system that also entails
significant recurring expenditure towards de-silting which could otherwise be used for more productive
purposes. Ultimately these issues can also be correlated to poor sense of aesthetics and environmental
sanitation, concern and commitment towards environment and public health, etc. on the part of the city
managers/ service providers and the citizens. This is one of the most challenging issues because all the
above attributes need to come from within for that section of the society which is supposed to be aware
and aspiring for a higher level of prosperity and higher quality of life.
The major issue is non-compliance of the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
and Draft Rules 2015 by the GMC. Other key issues related to Municipal solid waste management across
GMC area are:
Waste Generation:
• Reliable data available w.r.t solid waste generation and its assessment (quantification, characterization
etc.)
• Solid waste generated is disposed off openly on streets, drains, etc. and sometimes burnt causing
health hazards, public nuisance and degradation of environment and aesthetics
Waste Collection & Transportation:

• Lack of segregation of waste at source resulting in collection of waste in mixed form thus, neglecting the
potential of waste recovery
• Inadequate number of waste receptacles as the waste is dumped at open disposal points in wards that
are high in number
• Coverage of waste collection and transportation is fairly good however, the efficiency is low which
affects the SWM system in a significant manner
• Primary collection system is not that effective as significant part of the waste is left unattended
• Inadequate capacity of GMC to collect & transport the littered waste to the dump site
• Unplanned routing of vehicles for transportation of waste to the disposal site. Existing fleet of vehicles
are inadequate and lack of proper O& M lead to frequent breakdown of vehicles.
• Manual handling of waste exposes sanitary workers to all sorts of wastes. No effective protective
measures have been taken for safety, health and hygiene of these workers who are vulnerable to health
hazards
Waste Treatment & Disposal:
• Solid Waste is directly drained into storm water drains causing severe clogging of drains.
• There is no waste processing or scientific disposal facility (only an open dumping site) for its safe
treatment and disposal.
• Lack of waste management infrastructure for other wastes (construction & demolition) is also a threat,
which is getting mixed with municipal waste and is getting diverted to dumpsite.

Other Areas of Concern:

• At present door-to-door waste collection coverage is about 83% although the collection efficiency is
quite low.
• The waste is transported twice, once at the transit point and thereafter to the dumping site at Naidupet
wthout any processing or treatment. This increases the transportation cost (fuel, O&M) unnecessarily.
• No major initiatives have been taken so far by GMC to educate people on the ill-effects of haphazard
disposal of solid waste.
• The staff, infrastructure and key resources that is required in compliance with the MSW rules at ULB
level is inadequate and needs good planning and technical expertise
• Lack of inter-departmental coordination, transparency, expertise and inefficiency in handling and
disposal of solid wastes.
• No collection of user charges, recovered only under general sanitation collected as part of property tax

4. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS & COMMUNITY REPSONSES

ON SANITATION AND MUNICIPAL SERVICES
This Chapter deals with brief stakeholder analysis and assessment of sanitation issues related to diverse
communities. It also entails finding of consultations with a wide range of respondents to assess their
awareness level, perception and issues related to broad areas/ services viz., water supply, sanitation/
wastewater management, storm water drainage and solid waste management.
4.1 Stakeholder Anal ysis
Stakeholder identification and analysis forms an integral part of engagement planning process towards
improvement of sanitation conditions in the city. It gains significance as several stakeholders can assist the
ULB (which is the implementing agency of CSP) in diverse ways where tangible investments or other
similar inputs are not required, instead advisory and facilitation support are found to be wanting. The ULB
can leverage the expertise and influence that the stakeholders, especially the civil society groups
command towards social good.
In this respect a brief mapping of stakeholders in Guntur has been carried out in consultation with officials
of Guntur Municipal Corporation (GMC), Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board, educational institutions,
Socio-religious and cultural organisations, media persons, etc. and an assessment of their interests and
capacities will be included as part of CSP for Guntur. The key findings have been discussed in the ensuing
section.
4.1.1 Range and Type of Stakeholders
Like other cities across India, there is a wide range of stakeholders in Guntur. The primary stakeholders
comprise all the institutions and the related agencies involved in providing services to the citizens i.e.,
GMC officials, municipal workers and private service providers, etc. The secondary stakeholders comprise
a wide range of receivers or beneficiaries of services representing the civil society, diverse institutions
across the city, etc. A range of stakeholders as established during our engagement with the city officials is
presented in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1: Range of Stakeholders for Sanitation Services in Guntur City
Category of Stakeholders Classification

Guntur Municipal Corporation(GMC)
Government General Hospital, Guntur
Primary
Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Guntur
Directorate of Town and Country Planning, Guntur
Educational institutions (schools and colleges )
Rotary, Lions club, etc.
Market / Traders’ Association
Secondary Hotels &Restaurants Association
Non –Government Organisations, Trusts etc.
Media ( e.g., newspapers)
Common citizens/Resident welfare associations /slum communities etc.
Tertiary Business visitors, commuters, etc.

4.1.2 Current State of Community Organization and Mobilization
Subsequent to the mapping of stakeholders, several of them have been met to understand their perception
of issues and challenges. Some of the primary stakeholders have been contacted to understand the
present outreach efforts; while secondary stakeholders have been consulted for assessing their level of
satisfaction and concerns related to environmental sanitation in Guntur, their expectations of service levels,
and their willingness to play certain role to facilitate GMC towards implementation of the CSP. The findings
of these consultations have also been presented in this chapter.
4.1.3 Guntur Municipal Corporation
Guntur Municipal Corporation is the primary stakeholders for CSP implementation and has a mandate to
provide services related to public health and sanitation including solid waste management. The discussions
with municipal corporation officials revealed that the practice of community mobilization and participation is
considered as an important component by them for effective local governance. However reaching out to
the community, seeking public support and attempting behaviour change in aspects relating to sanitation
etc requires more concerted and systematic approach with support from various key stakeholders of the
city. It may be also stated that the GMC had initiated a comprehensive sanitation drive during 2013 under
the Oorante Guntur programme, wherein massive sanitation drives, clean city campaigns, donations by
stakeholders etc were carried out towards cleaning the city and imparting community awareness related
better environment and hygiene practise. The community awareness drive was a huge success, which
created a feeling of ownership amidst the residents of Guntur.
Further, in order to bridge the gap between the ULB and the community, GMC has been conducting
awareness programmes in the city and stresses on their goal of achieving a ‘Clean City’ under Swachh
Bharat Mission. After the SBM initiative, the ULB has started making some effort towards lending its
support to the community for awareness generation by city wide hoardings, advertisement etc.
The ULB maintains nominal rapport with some of the local organisations (like Lion’s Club, Rotary club,
Market Associations, Hotel Association etc.) and approach them to seek their help, assistance and advice
occasionally. The systematic approach between the existing stakeholders (institutions,
associations/societies, NGOs, clubs, etc.) and the ULB, with whom it may work on citywide improvement
on a regular basis needs to be fostered further.
It may be noted that GMC has a robust institutional arrangement for community organisation and
mobilisation within its system. The GMC has a dedicated full time staff comprising project officer,
community organisers, superintendent supported by Sr./Jr. Assistants and other office subordinates,
having the main responsibility of implementing the urban poverty livelihood programmes in the city and
formation of self-help groups in the low income localities etc. The department is known as Urban Poverty
Alleviation Cell and is headed by the Secretary, GMC. Based on the discussions with the Secretary – GMC
and Project Officer, it was revealed that though initiatives by GMC was been undertaken in areas
community awareness generation, but a need for strong behaviour change of the community is required in
Guntur. It was suggested that a strong system of monitoring and penalty system should be introduced for
those (especially shop owners /street vendors etc) not following rules and disposing waste in open,
roadside and drains. As suggested by the Community Organiser a system of prize and punishment must
be introduced in which the clean and well-kept localities may be awarded whereas the dirty colonies should
be penalised. As per the discussions with Additional Commissioner-GMC, the ULB has been endeavouring
to resolve the issues related to SWM and drainage problems in the city. In this respect the ULB also has
been exploring various options for innovative and sustainable SWM practice for Guntur.
4.1.4 Municipal Sanitary W orkers
The sanitary workers of Guntur Municipal Corporation for solid waste management and cleaning of drains
include the following:

• Permanent employee – 488 nos.

• Outsourced workers – 1667 nos. (of which 75% are female)
Door to door collection is carried out in all the 53 wards of the city; however, the collection efficiency is
quite low which is quite evident from the sight of heaps of accumulated waste around the containers, in the
drains and open disposal points at many places across the city. Ineffectiveness of collection of solid waste
may be attributed to the improper management of vehicles in collecting waste, inadequate staff and lack of
proper training of sanitary workers and supervision staff.
The sanitary workers are the lowest level of staff (service providers) of the ULB and majority of them have
low level formal education. Sanitary workers are managed by sanitary inspectors and monitored by
sanitary supervisors. There are no health camps and other activities like community mobilisation,
sensitization towards behaviour change, hygiene practice, etc. It was noted that temporary employees of
are paid very nominal salary by the as compared to that of the permanent employee.
As observed, most of the sanitary workers were facing difficulty in pushing hand-carts for door-to-door
collection of household waste on slopes. Also, the bins in these hand-carts are to be emptied in dumper
placer bins which are not placed appropriately. This results in unnecessary increase of their workload. The
key points which emerged during the course of discussion are:
• Lack of training of sanitary workers and supervisory staff leading to ineffective handling of SWM
• No training on occupational health and safety aspects for sanitary workers
• Demotivation among temporary employees due to low salary as compared to permanent sanitary
workers
• There is regular distribution of health safety equipment namely face masks, gloves, gum boots etc.,
however, workers avoid wearing them as they do not find it comfortable.
• Insurance and health schemes for sanitary workers in place.
4.1.5 Educational Institutions
The educational institutions in Guntur comprise the following:

• 666 schools (out of which 255 are pre- primary and nursery schools, 231 are primary schools and 180
are senior secondary school),
• 45 university/degree colleges and technical institutions with majority of them being run privately.
The consultation with few of these institutions (Municipal Corporation School No 60, Sri Mittapalli College
of Engineering and Guntur Medical College) revealed that these institutions are participating in various co-
curricular activities which include swatcha campaigns /awareness programs, rallies, competitions, campus
and classroom cleaning etc. and through them messages spread to a large number of households. The
municipal schools participate in the various events relating to improvement of the environmental sanitation
and cleanliness drive in the city like Swachh Bharat Mission etc.
As discussed with the municipal schools authorities, the nursery and KG children (especially the students
from low-income areas/slums) are given proper training by the teachers on proper usage of toilets, washing
hands before meals and after using washrooms, no littering in the school compound, decorating
classrooms with drawings and paintings, cutting nails and other relevant aspects of maintaining personal
health and hygiene.
4.1.6 Media (Print and Visual)
The media undoubtedly plays a crucial role in information dissemination and exercises a large influence on
city’s’ population by reporting issues and problems pertaining to the sanitation condition. It also aids in
forming public opinion and supporting awareness, etc. Some of the important print and visual media having
sizable footprint in Guntur city are Shakshi, Andhranews, Andhrajyoti, Eenadu, Andhrabhoomi, The New
Indian Express, The Hindu etc. As brought out during an interaction with the media persons (Mr. Kiran,
Reporter, Shakshi newspaper), the media in Guntur has been regularly reporting on issues relating to city’s
water woes and sanitation condition. It was informed during the discussions that the drainage and waste
management in the city is a prime issue of concern which is followed by the poor water quality (majorly due
to poor groundwater quality, leakages in the old pipe lines and contamination due to the water pipes
running along/ inside storm water drains) and sanitation condition. The newspaper and TV channels also
campaign for maintaining cleanliness in the city. For example, Shakshi newspaper highlights the water,
sanitation and drainage issues on a daily basis. The media also assured that they will continue to play its
required role in CSP implementation and highlight and publicise the positive initiatives by GMC and its
partners in creating mass awareness and community mobilisation/participation.
4.1.7 Guntur Market Association and Traders Association
The discussions with the association of local market association brought to light their limited interest and
past experience in matters relating to community mobilization for garbage disposal, promoting good
sanitation, O&M of public toilets and other related issues. As expressed by the representatives, the task of
improving the sanitation condition in the city lies with the municipal authority, but unfortunately they are
proved to be unsatisfactory in this regard. However, to maintain a clean and hygienic environment in the
market area, the Market Association has only limited itself to activities like cleanliness drive, anti-polythene
drive to keep the environment clean, etc. It was also pointed out by the market association that there is no
provision of public toilets/community toilets in the market for the shop owners as well as for the customers.
It was also highlighted that the sanitation, drainage and solid waste management is very poor in the market
areas and due to the irregular collection of garbage from such market areas most of the garbage are
dumped on the roads/pathways and adjoining drains leading to choking of drains. During rainy seasons
the situation deteriorates due to clogging of drains.
The President of Guntur Market Association expressed strong willingness on behalf of the shop owners
and traders to be associated with Guntur Municipal Corporation in promoting improved environmental
sanitation condition of the city, but expressed their concerns regarding not cleaning their area on a regular
basis and not addressing their complaints timely and effectively
4.1.8 Hotels & Restaurants Association
Hotels & Allied Industrial Welfare Association (HAIWA) is one of the prominent organization in Guntur
looking welfare of their members and also active in cities welfare activities. The HAIWA is a recent body
and has expressed their concerns over irregular street vending and problems associated with them.
Though they have given clear guidelines on management of waste in the hotel premises they are not able
to control mushrooming street vendors who are creating havoc by throwing garbage on the open channels
and unhygienic conditions. The president has expressed his concern about the same and suggested if any
framework can be brought in to dedicate localities for all the street vendors in the city instead of spreading
across all the major roads and occupying major drainage channels and footpaths. He also suggested to
increase the greenery in the city thereby the hot and humid climate of the city could be managed. The
association has expressed their willingness to participate in the city sanitation improvement and extended
their willingness towards awareness generation programs. Being the capital city of Andhra Pradesh they
have expressed to see city as green and clean city which not only improve the city sanitation condition also
improve the business. They have also provided some options towards addressing open defection, location
of public toilets, street sweeping and avenue plantation.
4.1.9 NGOs, Trusts, Social and Religious Organisations in Guntur
There are various NGOs, CSOs, and Trusts in Guntur city that work in the area of social
development/upliftment, awareness generation on environment related aspects and so on. A few of the
notable organisations are SEEDS, Rotary Club, Lions Club, Senior Citizens club, Cultural and Religious
organisation etc.
The views shared by the representatives of these organisations reveal that there’s a need for conducting
continuous and rigorous programmes on awareness generation for clean environment in the city. Though
mass scale (city level) awareness programmes are good, but the focus should be paid to the low income
areas of the city as well. The Rotary club members informed that they have been associated with several
activities including initiatives towards improving water and sanitation conditions in the nearby villages. For
example, the Rotary club has been involved in construction of toilets in the municipal girls school and
public/community toilets, construction of RO plants in the city as well as adjoining rural areas for clean and
safe water, construction of rainwater recharge pits in a few identified residential buildings across the city
providing relief to disaster hit areas, construction of schools etc. It is noteworthy that, Lions club is working
as part of Swachh Bharat Mission in Guntur to maintain the clean and green environment. The President of
the Lion’s Club expressed his concern on the environmental pollution and solid waste disposal of the city.
Lack of proper drainage system and limited numbers of urinals in the city were some of the issues raised
by the Lions Club member. As part of such initiative the club distributed cycles to the residents thereby
advocating the cause “save petrol, save nation”.
The representatives of various NGOs stressed on the need for resolving the water supply and sanitation
issues in the city particularly within the slums by providing toilets at the household level and generating
awareness on the health and hygiene aspects within the slums.
4.1.10 Individuals
A number of individuals were approached to understand their perceptions as well as their interest in issues
related to city sanitation. Majority of the individuals contacted expressed interest in issues concerning the
city sanitation and expressed willingness to participate in awareness programme, community mobilisation,
knowledge sharing, etc. They also expressed willingness to be associated with the CSP implementation
process.
4.2 Findings of FGDs and Indi vidual Discussions at Vario us

Locations of City
As part of the situation analysis, qualitative information was gathered through consultative process of focus
group discussions and individual interviews with low income communities and other key stakeholders
across the city. The focus group discussions and individual discussions with slums/low income localities
held during October, 2015 have been presented in Table 4.2. A summary of the focus group
discussions/individual discussions with CSTF representatives and other stakeholders have been presented
in the Table 4.3.
Table 4.2: An Overview of FGDs Conducted at Slums/Low Income Pockets
Name/ Location/
Participants
No. of HHs
Ward No.
Date
Issues discussed Recommendations Exhibits
• Municipal water supply is not adequate. • Provision of adequate and treated

• Incidents of water contamination occur during municipal supply.
monsoons. • Provision of effective solid waste
management.
Residents, Secretary, Community Organisers &
• Limited collection of solid waste

Ward 6: Anandapeta Anandi Colony
Consultant team
31/05/2016
600

Name/ Location/
Participants
No. of HHs
Ward No.
Date
Residents, Secretary, Community Organisers & Consultant • Only 16% of the HHs have individual tap • 100% coverage of individual tap
connection while the remaining HHs depend connections.
upon the municipal hand pumps and • Provision of 100% IHT/community
municipal water tankers for drinking water toilets.
supply. • Provision of effective solid waste
• Limited door to door collection management.
Ward 5: Pamula Colony
• Only 20% households have IHTs while the • Provision of effective drainage system.
remaining resort to open defecation in the
31/05/2016
120
nearby fields/open areas.

team
• Lack of proper drains in the area.
• Limited individual tap connections • Provision of regular and adequate

• Municipal water supply is not adequate. water supply.
• Drinking water supply is received through • Effective solid waste management

system is required.
Ward 5: Balajinagar Extention Slum
municipal water tankers.

• Incidents of water contamination are • Provision of proper roads and
prevalent during monsoons. effective drainage system.
Consultant team
• Limited door to door solid waste collection.

31/05/2016
2000
• Only 30% HHs have IHTs while the remaining

resort to open defecation in the nearby open
fields.
• Lack of proper roads and storm water drains.
• Lack of individual water tap connections. • Provision of individual tap connections

• Water is received from public stand posts. and regular adequate water supply in
About 20 families depend on one tap. the area.
Residents, Secretary, Community Organisers & Consultant team
• Duration of water supply is very irregular • Effective solid waste management

(once daily for one hour). system is required.
• Limited door to door waste collection system • Provision of community toilets followed
Ward 56: Mission Farm – Swarnabharati Nagar
is leading to random dumping in the nearby by 100% coverage of IHT.

open fields. • Provision of effective drainage system
• Only 100 IHTs sanctioned out of which 80 in the area.
has been constructed.
• Remaining households practise open
01/06/2016
2000
defecation in the nearby open fields.

• Lack of community toilets
• No proper roads/streets within the settlement
• Absence of proper drains leads to drainage
problem in the area largely during the
monsoons.
• Diseases such as malaria, typhoid etc are
very common during the monsoons.

Name/ Location/
Participants
No. of HHs
Ward No.
Date
• Squatter Settlement developed on the outskirt • Rehabilitation/Relocation of the

of Guntur. squatter settlement required.
• Kutccha houses with no individual water • Provision of adequate municipal water

connection. supply.
Ward 56: Ramaanjeya Colony, Swarnabharati Nagar
• Water received from 6 public stand posts is • Provision of community toilets as open
not adequate (only one hour supply daily). defecation raises security issues for
• During monsoons, the water gets the females and girl children.
contaminated and then municipal water • Proper pucca roads/streets and drains
tankers are required. are required to avoid flooding of the
• Although 5 handpumps were provided but the area.
01/06/2016
300
water cannot be used for drinking purpose

due to its brackish quality.
• Only two community bins have been provided
which are cleared once in a month.
• There are no IHTs/community toilets as the
households do not have patta for their land.
• Open defecation is prevalent in the nearby
open fields.
• Lack of individual tap connections • Provision of regular and adequate

Residents, Secretary, Community Organisers & Consultant Residents, Secretary, Community Organisers & Consultant
• Lack of public stand posts municipal water supply.

Ward 56: Adwaita Nagar, Swarnabharati Nagar Ext
• Drinking water is supplied through municipal • Provision of community toilets/ IHTs.

tankers which come once in three days • Provision of effective waste
• 80% of the HHs has IHTs while remaining management system.
20% owing to the paucity of land do not have • Provision of effective drainage system.
IHTs and hence resort to open defecation in
the nearby fields/open areas.
01/06/2016
500
team
• Limited door to door waste collection system

is leading to open dumping into the drains
and nearby open areas.
• Lack of proper roads and drains
• Incidents of water stagnation occur during the
monsoons.
• Lack of individual tap connections at HH level • Provision of regular and adequate

• Lack of public stand posts. municipal water supply.
• Drinking water is received through the • Provision of effective waste
municipal water tankers once in every two management system.
days. • Provision of effective drainage system
Ward 32: Narsi Reddy Colony
• Despite 100% IHT coverage, a few HHs

especially the children defecate in the open
01/06/2016
along the streets/vacant land.

300
team
• Door to door waste collection system is

absent in the colony.
• Lack of proper drains often leads to water
stagnation during the monsoons.

Name/ Location/
Participants
No. of HHs
Ward No.
Date
• About 90% of the HHs has individual tap • Provision of regular and adequate
connections while the remaining 10% receive municipal water supply.
Residents, Secretary, Community Organisers & Consultant
water from the municipal water tankers. • Provision of effective waste

• The municipal supply is not adequate (supply management system.
duration is for one hour daily). • Provision of effective drainage system
Ward 32: Thufan Nagar Colony
• The water received through 12 municipal

hand pumps is not potable owing to brackish
ground water.
01/06/2016
700
• Limited door to door waste collection (weekly

team
twice).
• About 10-15% of the HHs does not have IHTs
and are using community toilets available in
the colony.
• Drains are not regularly cleaned.
• Municipal water supply is not adequate • Provision of adequate municipal water

• Limited door to door waste collection. supply.

• Random dumping along the roads and in • Provision of effective waste
nearby vacant land. management system.
• Lack of effective drainage system in the area • Provision of effective drainage system
Ward 57: Gorantla SC Colony
often causes water stagnation during

monsoons.
01/06/2016
1500
team
• About 20 HHs do not have individual tap • 100 % individual tap connection.
connection and receive water from the public • Provision of well treated municipal
standpost. water supply

• Limited municipal water supply (1-1.5 hours • Provision of effective waste
daily) management system.
Ward 26 & 27: KVP Colony
• Drinking water supply is received through • Provision of effective drainage system.

Consultant team
municipal tankers which come once in two-

02/06/2016
800
three days.
• Prevalence of open defecation along the
storm water drains by the children
• Limited door to door waste collection
• Solid waste is dumped in the adjoining open
areas.
• Clogged drains and lack of proper streets
lead to water stagnation during heavy rain.

Name/ Location/
Participants
No. of HHs
Ward No.
Date
Residents, Secretary, Community Organisers & Consultant team • Inadequate municipal water supply which • Provision of 100% individual tap
further gets low during summer months. connections and adequate supply
• Despite 100% IHT coverage, open defecation throughout the year.
practised in the adjoining open areas. • Awareness regarding health and
• Children defecate in open along the road side hygiene is required.
drains. • Provision of effective waste
Ward 26 : Krishnababu Colony
• Limited door to door waste collection management system.

• Presence of clogged drains has led to the • Provision of effective drainage system
mosquito nuisance.
02/06/2016
600
• Incidents of flooding occur during monsoons.
• Setllement has developed along the • 100% provision of individual taps at

Peekalavagu Drain. HH level.
• 20% of the HHs do not have individual tap • Provision of adequate municipal water
connections and receive water either from the supply
Ward 26 : Srinivasrao Thota Peekalavagukatta
public stand posts or from the neighbours. • Provision of sewer network and 100
• Water Tankers largely used during the percent connection of the IHTs to it.
summer months due to paucity of municipal • Regular cleaning of the drains
water supply required.
Consultant team
• IHTs discharge directly into the Peekalavagu • Provision of effective waste

02/06/2016
300
drain. management system

• Despite 100% IHT coverage, open defecation
is still prevalent in the adjoining open areas
and along the drain.
• The storm water drains in the area are not
regularly cleaned and clogged.
• Irregular municipal supply (once in every two • Provision of adequate water supply
days) • Effective waste management system
Residents, Secretary, Community
Ward 26 : S Bhaktanagar Colony
• Drinking water received from municipal is required.

Organisers & Consultant team
tankers which come once in two days. • Effective drainage system required.
• Limited door to door waste collection which is
02/06/2016
leading to random dumping of wastes into the

150
storm water drains and nearby open fields.

• Lack of proper storm water drains.

Name/ Location/
Participants
No. of HHs
Ward No.
Date
• Lack of adequate municipal water supply. • Provision of regular and adequate

• About 80% of the HHs has individual tap municipal water supply.
connections while the remaining 20% depend • 100% individual tap connection is
upon the Water tankers which come once in required.
two days. • 100% provision of IHTs or community
• About 20% of the HHs does not have any IHT toilets
and resort to open defecation in the nearby • Provision of effective solid waste
open fields. collection.
• Lack of community toilets • Provision of effective drainage system.
Ward 26 : Rehabilitation Colony
• Limited collection of solid waste (collected

once in a week)
• Lack of proper drainage system which leads
02/06/2016
to water stagnation on the roads during the

600
monsoons.
• About 80% of the HHs has individual tap • Provision of 100% individual tap
connections while the remaining 20% depend connections
upon municipal water tankers. • Provision of 100% IHTs/ community
• Contamination of the municipal water is quite toilets.
common during the monsoons. • Effective solid waste management is
• About 90% of the HHs have IHTs while the required in the area.
remaining 10% resort to open defecation. • Provision of proper roads and effective
• Lack of community toilets. drainage system.
• Limited garbage collection.
Ward 27 : Suppareddynagar
• Limited cleaning of the drains is leading to

clogged drains.
• Lack of proper roads and drains, leads to
02/06/2016
250
water stagnation in the area during the

monsoons.

Name/ Location/
Participants
No. of HHs
Ward No.
Date
• About 5% of the HHs does not have • Provision of well treated water supply
individual water connection. to every HHs.
• There is only one public stand post available • Provision of sewer network and 100
in the colony. percent connection of the IHTs to it.
• Quality of water supplied is not potable which • Effective waste collection and disposal
Ward 41: Kortipaddu SC Colony
further deteriorates during the monsoons. system to be adopted.

• Municipal water supply in the colony is not • Drains should be regularly cleaned.
adequate. (3 hours daily supply)
03/06/2016
60
• Approximately 90% of the households with

team
IHT discharge the waste directly into the open

drains.
• Low coverage of waste collection
• Drains are not regularly cleaned.
• Incidents of waterlogging occur during
monsoons; water inundation for 1 to 2 hours.
• Cases of Malaria and Diarrhoea are recorded
every year.
• Municipal water supply not adequate (1 hour • Provision of well treated and adequate
of supply daily twice) water supply to every HHs.
• Approximately 90% households with IHT • 100% provision of IHTs in the colony.
discharge the waste directly into the open • Provision of sewer network and 100
Ward 42: Muchalal Reddy Nagar Extention
drains. percent connection of the IHTs to it.

• About 5 HHs, do not have IHT due to paucity • Provision of effective waste collection
of space and resort to open defecation along and management system.
the open drains.
03/06/2016
• Lack of community toilets.

team
50
• The IHTs discharge directly into the open

drains.
• Lack of Septic tanks.
• Solid waste is disposed into the drains.
• About 100 HHs do not have individual water • 100% provision of individual
connection and depend upon the public household water connections.

standposts. • Provision of adequate drinking water
• Municipal water supply is not adequate (1 supply
hour daily supply) • Provision of effective waste collection.
• Prevalence of contaminated water supply due • Provision of effective drainage
Ward 49: Bongarala Beedu
to overlapping of water supply lines and management system.

storm water drains.
03/06/2016
• Storm water drains are not regularly cleaned

3066
and are clogged due to random dumping of

solid waste.
• Lack of street sweeping.
• Limited door to door waste collection leading
to dumping of wastes in the open/along the
roads.
• Absence of community bins.
• Incidents of water stagnation during heavy
rains/monsoons.

Name/ Location/
Participants
No. of HHs
Ward No.
Date
• Squatter Settlement comprising ragpickers • Provision of adequate water supply.

• Lack of municipal water supply connections. • Provision of Community Toilets
• Absence of boiling/filtering the water before • Medical facilities to be provided.

consuming
Ward 45: Ragpicker Settlement
• Absence of 100 percent IHT/Community

Toilet.
Consultant team
• 100% open defecation along the adjoining

03/06/2016
30
open area and roads.

• Practically dwell within the wastes.
• Prevalence of diseases such as fever,
stomach ache etc
• Inadequate and irregular municipal water • Provision of regular municipal water

supply in the area. supply
• Lack of effective waste collection. • Provision of effective sewer lines.
• Lack of effective sewer lines usually leads to • Provision of effective drainage system.
pipe bursts during heavy rains. • Effective waste collection system to be

• The area gets flooded during heavy rains as it provided.
lies at a low level.
• Lack of street sweeping
• During heavy rains, the sewage water gets
Ward 09 : Rami Reddy Thota
mixed with the municipal water supply.

• Prevalence of mosquitoes, flies etc
03/06/2016
• Prevalence of diseases such as malaria,

2000
diarrhoea, allergies, fever etc
4.2.1 Perceptions on W ater Supply, Sanitation and SW M
As part of the situation analysis, qualitative information was gathered through consultative process of focus
group discussions with communities and other key stakeholders across the town. The broad subject
around which, discussions were held comprised water supply, sanitation including condition of community
toilet, if any, solid waste management, awareness on health and hygiene issues, and willingness to pay for
improved services. The perceptions of residents on water supply, sanitation and SWM based on the
discussions with stakeholders are summarized below.
4.2 .1. 1 Percep tio ns on W ater Sup p ly
The water supply in the city is sourced from Krishna River and is made available to the residents through
piped supply (service provider is Guntur Municipal Corporation). Municipal Water Supply is one of the
major issues in the low income/ slum colonies (Ward No’s: 5, 6, 9, 26, 27, 32, 41, 42, 45, 49, 56, 57 etc)
which gets worse during the summer months. The ground water in the entire region is not potable and
hence is only used for cleaning and washing. The drinking water is either received through the piped
supply or through the municipal water tankers. The average duration of water supply across the city varies
from 1 to 2 hours a day.
Majority of the respondents expressed their dissatisfaction with respect to water quantity and quality due to
contamination during the monsoons. There is absence of proper infrastructure to assess and monitor the
quality of water. The respondents using ground water (bore wells and hand pumps) reported saline content
in water. As revealed during the discussions with the residents, there’s high level of contamination of piped
water in slums and city area. Due to paucity of space in these areas, the water pipe lines run parallel to
open drains and sometimes leading to leakages. Incidences of water borne diseases are reported during
the monsoon season.
4.2 .1. 2 Percep tio ns on Sa nita tio n
It was observed during the primary survey that a large percentage of residents residing in the
peripheral/rural and slum areas have directly connected their toilets to the open drains which is hazardous
to the environment as these faecal matter carries pathogens which can cause serious health issues to the
residents. The access to sanitation is very low in the slums and as a result many of the slums dwellers
resort to open defecation (for example, ward nos. 5, 26, 27, 32, 41, 42, 45 and 56). Most of the households
opt for individual toilet but the residents in slum areas on the periphery and along the railway lines resort to
open defecation and urination/defecation. The coverage of community toilets across the slum areas in the
city is very low and where available are poorly maintained.
4.2 .1. 3 Percep tio ns on Soli d W aste Ma nag em ent
The overall perception of residents pertaining to solid waste management across the city is below
satisfactory level. Although there is a door to door waste collection system the segregation of waste at
source is absent. It is important to note that the door to door waste collection is largely prevalent in the
residential societies and recently developed commercial areas while in the slums and rural areas the
system is irregular. The absence of adequate community waste bins is leading to random disposal of the
wastes along the roads, into the open drains and in vacant lands, especially in the slums and peripheral
areas (examples: Ward Nos. 5,6, 9, 26, 27, 32, 41, 42, 49, 56 and 57 ). As observed in the core/peripheral
areas and slums, emptying of waste depositaries is not a regular/routine affair. This causes overflowing of
waste leading to deterioration in environmental condition and aesthetics in the adjoining areas. In the
absence of proper solid waste management system, the solid waste generated in the city is being dumped
on the roads/pathways, open drains, vacant lands/fields etc. which reveals the lack of concerted effort by
the GMC. The GMC officials informed that various proposals are underway for effective SWM in the city.
Besides the FGDs in low income group colonies and slums, a stakeholder analysis of the CSTF members
and other stakeholders have also been presented in the ensuing exhibit and table.
Exhibit: 4.1 Overview of FGDS and Discussions Held with Various Stakeholders
Discussion with Deputy Commisioner Discussion with Dy. Executive Engineer

Discussion with Sanitary Workers Discussion with Sanitary Workers
Discussion with Rag pickers Discussion with Kabaddiwalas
Discussion with Kabaddiwalas Discussion with Kabaddiwalas
Discussion with Residents Discussion with Rev. Fr. Rayapu Reddy K, Director,
Guntur Diocese Social Service & Welfare Society

Discussion with President, Indian Chamber of Discussion with representative of Rotary Club
Commerce
Discussion with Director, Directorate of Town & Discussion with GMC official
Country Planning
Discussion with Superintending Engineer, GMC

Discussion with Superintendent, Government
General Hospital
Discussion with Reporters, Shakshi (local)

Newspaper Discussion with Sanitary Inspector, Ward 6&7

Discussion with GMC officials Discussion with staff,

Municipal Corporation Primary School (no. 60)
Discussion with representative-cultural Discussion with senior citizen association

organisation
Discussion with President-Lions Club
. .
Discussion with Public Toilet operator Discussion with Public Toilet operator
Table 4.3: Stakeholder Analysis

Experience in
Recommendations
commencement
in last 2-3 years

Social activities
implementation
Perceived role
environmental
Community Sanitation
Organisation
Concerns on
/ References
of influence
Community
Other areas
of interest
Interest to
sanitation
of activity
Main area
associate
for CSP
mobilisation
Year of
and
participation
Regulatory institutions
A.P.Pollution Industries, Prevention Knowledge Awareness Programmes Yes None Yes Yes Advisory role, Environmental
Control Board, Govt. and control disseminati related to Save Earth, water quality Engineer,
Regional Office organisations,H of pollution on on Water conservation, monitoring, APPCB
ospitals,eductai environmen Plastic Sanchi Pramadam technical analysis,
onal institutes tal issue; Energy conservation, etc
etc. awareness Green rally on oil and gas
creation. conservation & bio-
diversity conservation etc
Educational institutes
Municipal 1994 Students: 290; Teaching Co- Collaboration with None Partly High Yes IEC/ BCC on Smt K. Manjula
Coporation Staff: 15 curricular Municipal Corporation range of social Devi
School No 60 activities for under Urante Gunture and (headmistress)
(Primary wing) students. progamme environmental Smt Prameela
Conducted Vidya issues; Rani (Municipal
Vaartsovalu & Badi community Corpoartion
Pilustondi Raa related to mobilisation; Co- Education
environment curricular Officer)
activities for
student
participation.
Sri Mittapalli 2006 Students: ; Teaching Co- Awareness campaigns by Partly Partly Yes Yes Prof. Dr
College of Staff: curricular NSS volunteers A.V.Bhaskara
Engineering activities for Participation in Swatch Rao Prinicipal
students. Bharat Abhiyaan
Campaign
Guntur Medical 1908 Students: 1218; Teaching Co- Community service e.g., -do- -do- -do- -do- -do- Mrs. Aparna S
College Staff: 43 curricular health camps, camapign Chari, HM
activities for on waste management,
students. beach front cleaning, etc.
Situation Analysis Report - Guntur Page | 04-17

Experience in
Recommendations
commencement
in last 2-3 years

Social activities
implementation
Perceived role
environmental
Organisation Community Sanitation
Concerns on
/ References
of influence
Community
Other areas
of interest
Interest to
sanitation
of activity
Main area
associate
for CSP
mobilisation
Year of
and
participation
Rural developed support

in village Penha-De-
Franca for sanitation,
health care, waste
disposal; effective
farming, organic farming,
etc. Collaboration with
public and private
agencies.
Socio-religious and cultural organisations
Gummadi 1999 Members:22 Religious Organising None None None Yes Yes Commpunity Shri Madhav M
RadhaKrishna activities. religious mobilisation and Dhond & Avdhut
festivals awareness S P Angle,
generation; Allow Tresurers
use of temple
facilities for
relevant activities.
Cultural 1970 Students, Apex body Training, art None None None Yes Yes Possibly towards Assistant
Organisation staffs, persons and cultural festivals, IEC support. Theatre
associated with centre for competition Manager
art and culture, promotion s,
citizens of exhibitions,
performing/ workshops,
fine/ folk seminars,
arts; etc.
literature of
Andhra
Pradesh
NGOs/Civil Societies/Social Organisations
Guntur 1979 Students, Education, Also • Constructing houses Yes Yes High High Support ULB Rev. Fr. Rayapu
Diocese Social Urban Poor, Child & contribute with toilets for the in organising Reddy K,
Service & local Family in the urban poor/slums mass Director, Guntur
Experience in
Recommendations
commencement
in last 2-3 years

Social activities
implementation
Perceived role
environmental
Concerns on
/ References
of influence
Community
Other areas
of interest
Interest to
sanitation
of activity
Main area
associate
for CSP
mobilisation
Year of
and
participation
Welfare community, Health disaster • Community toilet awareness Diocese Social

Society adjoining rural Developme affected programmes in slums, programmes, Service &
areas. nt; areas schools etc; IEC/ BCC on Welfare Society
Providing for e.g. • Providing drinking range of social
basic worked water in slum areas and
facilities in extensively through tankers. environmental
the schools in the issues,
and slum cyclone cleanliness
areas. affected drive, etc.
areas
of Andhra
Pradesh.
Rotary Club 1943 Local Social Social • Improvement of Yes Yes High High Support ULB Dr. Ramana
Community; Upliftment, developme sanitation status in the in organising Yashaswi,
Adjoining rural community nt Municipal Girls School community President,
areas developme Blood by renovation awareness Rotary Club
nt Donation /construction of toilet programmes,
humanitaria and facilities. cleanliness
n Health • Provision of Traffic drive, and
work. camp, lights. assist in
Relief and • Training programmes providing
humanitaria on traffic rules for auto expertise for
n work drivers and providing effective
with the driver’s sanitation
license. practice in city
• Imparting education to etc.
the school dropouts in
the slum areas.
• Tree plantations
across the city and
promotion/construction
of rainwater harvesting
pits in the residential

Experience in
Recommendations
commencement
in last 2-3 years

Social activities
implementation
Perceived role
environmental
Concerns on
/ References
of influence
Community
Other areas
of interest
Interest to
sanitation
of activity
Main area
associate
for CSP
mobilisation
Year of
and
participation
complexes. About 500-

600 such pits were
constructed.
• Providing free
medicines & free
checkup to the needy
& poor through Rotary
Urban Health Centre.
About 20,000 persons
are covered under this.
• Blood donation
activities along with
Red Cross.
• Provision of RO plants
(about 1000 no.s)
across the city and
adjoining villages.
Lions Club 1960 500 members Social Literacy • Participating in the Yes Yes High High Support ULB in Mr Chukkapali
Upliftment, campaign sanitation works organising Ramesh,
community ,Blood across the city under community President, Lions
developme Donation Swacch Bharat awareness Club
nt and Health campaign programmes,
humanitaria camp, • Donated cycles to cleanliness drive
n Relief and promote “save petrol, etc .
work humanitaria save nation” campaign
n to generate awareness
work on the environment
issues.
Builders 2011 145 members • Provision of rainwater - - High High Support ULB in
Association harvesting pits in the organising
residential complexes. community
awareness
programmes,

Experience in
Recommendations
commencement
in last 2-3 years

Social activities
implementation
Perceived role
environmental
Concerns on
/ References
of influence
Community
Other areas
of interest
Interest to
sanitation
of activity
Main area
associate
for CSP
mobilisation
Year of
and
participation
cleanliness drive
etc .
AP Sr Citizen 550 members Social • Contributed monetarily Yes Yes High High Support ULB in
Confederation Upliftment, towards “Orante organising
community Guntur” community
developme • Distributed push carts awareness
nt used for waste programmes,
humanitaria collection to GMC. cleanliness drive
n • Supply medicines to etc .
work the needy and poor in
the slum areas.
• Provide free clothes,
boots and gloves to the
municipal workers.
• Provided iron mesh
required to filter the
solid wastes in the
drains.
• Provide free dustbins
in identified areas
across the city.
SEEDS (NGO) 1989 10 Social • Yes Yes High High Support ULB
Upliftment, in organising
community mass
developme awareness
nt programmes,
humanitaria IEC/ BCC on
n range of social
work and
environmental
issues,
cleanliness
drive, etc.

Experience in
Recommendations
commencement
in last 2-3 years

Social activities
implementation
Perceived role
environmental
Concerns on
/ References
of influence
Community
Other areas
of interest
Interest to
sanitation
of activity
Main area
associate
for CSP
mobilisation
Year of
and
participation
Market/ Traders community

Municipal NA Member: 915 Representa None Free medical camps, IEC None None Medium Low Can help ULB in Mr. Raju
Market tion of the on waste issues; to low organising Damaskar,
Tenants trade Awareness rallies and community President
Association community radio quizes on 15th awareness
August, etc. programmes in
the market area.
Spinning Mills 152 members Production/ Social • Treatment and reuse Low Medium Medium Medium Can help ULB in Mr D Chandra
Association manufactur developme of wastewater for organising Sekhar, Ex V.C,
e of Yarn. nt, relief watering plants. community Spinning Mills
and • Participated in “Orante awareness Association
humanitaria Guntur” programme as programmes in
n works. part of CSR the mills/factories
programme. and surrounding
• Distribute clothes in areas.
slum areas for poor
and needy.
Indian 1941 3000 members Trade & Social • Distributed food, Medium Can help ULB in Mr Athukuri
Medium Medium Medium
Chamber of commerce developme clothes, medicines, organising Anjaneyulu,
Commerce nt, relief blankets etc to the community President,
and victims of previous awareness
humanitaria national calamities (eg. programmes in
n works. cyclone hit areas in the commercial
Andhra Pradesh, flood areas.
relief work in
Kedarnath)
• Provides scholarship
for education to the
poor children.
• Occasionally
participate in
cleanliness campaigns
of GMC.

Organisation
Year of
commencement
Community
Situation Analysis Report - Guntur

of influence
Main area
of activity
Other areas
of interest
Social activities
in last 2-3 years
• Provides
sports events.
financial
support to the various
and
Community
mobilisation
participation
Experience in
Sanitation
Concerns on
environmental
sanitation
Interest to
associate
for CSP
implementation
Perceived role
Recommendations
/ References
Page | 04-23
4.3 Findings of the House hold Surve ys
As part of the study, 280 households across 60 wards in the city were administered questionnaire survey.
A sample of 5 to 6 households per ward were selected randomly having due representation from slums/low
income localities, housing societies colonies, commercial areas and general wards. The questionnaire was
administered to the head of household; however in his/her absence, one of the adult members of the
household was approached. Before administering the questionnaire, respondents were briefed about the
study for formulation of the CSP for Guntur and objective of collecting information at household level. The
summaries of responses of Household surveys have been attached in Appendix 4.2.
The socio-economic survey indicates that a majority of households have fair understanding of level of
services provided by the concerned authority that affect their quality of life. In this regard, some of the key
findings are as under:
• Piped water supply by GMC is the main source of water in the city and was found to be adequate by 46
% respondents, whereas 30% (Ward no. 5, 6, 9, 26, 27, 32, 41, 42, 45, 49, 56, 57 etc.) expressed that
water supply was inadequate in their areas. The quality of piped water supply has been reported
satisfactory by the respondents, except for areas where the water lines are laid adjoining to the storm
water drains (especially in slums and low income localities) which occasionally leads to the
contamination of the water.
• The septage disposal is being carried out in the agricultural fields on the outskirt of the city and also into
the drains. In some areas mainly slums/ unauthorised colonies (Srinivasrao Thota Peekalavagukatta,
Kortipaddu SC Colony, Muchalal Reddy Nagar Extention etc.) people have directly connected the toilets
to the rivers/drains. Majority of the respondents are unaware of the issues involved with unsafe disposal
of septage as practiced now and also do not recognize the need for taking safeguards.
• It was observed that the septage disposal in the city is carried out by both ULB and private service
providers on a payment of a prescribed fee from the households which generally use vacuum tanker
and suction machine.
• About 70% of the respondents informed that doorstep waste collection service is being practised by
GMC in all of the wards. There are evidences of lack of discipline with regard to disposal of waste
among the citizens. Though the ULB is making efforts in creating community awareness and
behavioural change on critical issues like septage disposal and waste disposal but then it was observed
that in the slums and peripheral rural areas the awareness is still low.
• On the whole it is noted that public awareness on civic amenities is reasonable but due to weak
enforcement of rules, present sanitation condition in the city is far from satisfactory. This survey also
brings out limitations of the GMC in terms of its capacity for community organisation, mobilisation,
communication with the community and regular engagement to get its feedback or solicit its cooperation
on critical issues.
4.4 Conclusio ns
A set of conclusions emerging out of the stakeholder analysis and survey of households from across the
town are presented in the paragraphs that follow. These are broadly classified under the categories of the
extent of stakeholder participation and the level of community perception.
4.5 Stakeholder Participation
It is noted that none of the identified stakeholders have been consulted by the GMC in the past concerning
sanitation issue of the city. The stakeholders do not have uniform level of interest in sanitation condition of
the city which is attributed to lack of communication; and they do not command high level of influence over
citizens. Majority of the stakeholders have limited influence over a small group of people only. A list of
stakeholders consulted during the field survey is presented in Appendix 4.3.

GMC needs to make efforts on a continuous basis to identify and maintain contacts with stakeholders and
use their services for improving city sanitation and CSP implementation. It is envisaged that involvement of
already identified stakeholders would encourage others to get involved. Further, GMC needs to strengthen
itself to ensure community mobilization and participation in a sustainable manner. Issues and Areas for
Interventions
Some of the key issues that emerge based on consultations and household surveys and areas of
interventions are listed below:
• Lack of institutional arrangement and initiatives for regular or sustained engagement/partnership with
stakeholders.
• Limited capacity and systems for regular monitoring, supervision and reporting regarding overall
sanitation condition.
• Lack of interest towards occupational health and safety aspects of sanitary workers and their wellbeing.

5. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND CAPACITY BUILDING
5.1 Existing Institutional Arrange ments
With regard to the management of civic services in Guntur, the Guntur Municipal Corporation (GMC) has
comprehensive departments for different aspects of services. It also shares some of the responsibilities
with the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority (APCRDA) erstwhile Vijayawada Guntur
Tenali Mangalagiri Urban Development Authority (VGTM UDA). GMC and APCRDA are responsible for the
urban planning function within Guntur city. APRCDA was notified on 30th December 2014 by the
Government of Andhra Pradesh as per Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Act, 2014,
and covers parts of Guntur and Krishna district alongwith Amravati, the new capital of Andhra Pradesh.
GMC is in charge of municipal functions and delivery of municipal services in the city. In accordance with
the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, most of the urban functions have been transferred to the GMC
except fire services, urban forestry, urban planning and socio economic planning. In case of fire services
and urban forestry, these functions are being carried out by the state government through the parent
departments. In case of urban planning and socio economic planning, GMC is responsible for
implementation and regulation of building plan approvals with the planning function being undertaken by
VGTMUDA. In case of certain other areas like town planning, engineering, health, accounts, and audit
departments, the key officials of these departments are being deputed to GMC from their parent
departments. Thus even though GMC is responsible for most of the urban services, the state level
agencies still continue to have a major role in carrying out key functions such as engineering, public health,
etc.
A brief summary of the functions, roles and responsibilities of the GMC and VGTM-UDA is given in Table
5.1.
Table 5.1: Summary of Functions, Roles and Responsibilities
Planning and Construction/ Operation &

Sr. No. Urban Infrastructure Service
Design Implementation Maintenance
1 Engineering Engineering Department, Engineering
Water and Sanitation
Department, GMC GMC Department, GMC
Engineering Engineering Department, Engineering
2 Sewerage and Drainage
Public Health Public Health Department, Public Health
3 Solid Waste Management
Urban Planning and Town
4 APCRDA APCRDA APCRDA
Planning
Engineering Engineering Department, Engineering
5 Street Lighting
Source: GMC
5.2 Gunt ur Municipal Corporatio n
The key institutional aspects and issues related to Guntur Municipal Corporation are presented and
discussed in the paragraphs that follow:
5.2.1 Governance Structure
The new State of Andhra Pradesh was formed on 2nd June, 2014 (after bifurcation of Telangana and
Andhra Pradesh state from erstwhile Andhra Pradesh State).

Municipal bodies in Andhra Pradesh are governed by Andhra Pradesh Municipal Corporations act 1994.
Guntur municipality was constituted as Grade -3 with a population of about 25,000 in the year 1866 and
was upgraded into Grade-2 Municipality in the year 1891. It was further upgraded as a Municipal
Corporation in the year 1994 under the Hyderabad Municipal Corporations (HMC) Act, 1955 also known as
the Andhra Pradesh Municipal Corporations Act (APMC Act), 1994. In 2013, ten adjacent villages have
been merged with the erstwhile GMC.
5.2.2 Organization Structure
GMC is in charge of municipal functions and delivery of municipal services in the city. The executive wing
of the GMC is headed by the Commissioner in responsible for day-to-day functioning. The operations of
GMC are managed through various departments as depicted in the organogram in Exhibit 5.1.
Exhibit 5.1: Organogram for Guntur Municipal Corporation
Source: GMC
With the recent expansion of municipal limits, GMC at present comprises of 62 wards. The state
government has appointed a special officer (senior IAS officer rank) to take the key decisions in day-
to-day activities in GMC. Along with the GMC, few parastatal agencies are also involved in the
provision of key services within GMC region. The following sub–sections outline the key functions,
roles and responsibilities of GMC and the parastatal agencies, namely, VGTMUDA, APFSD, APPCB
and other private agencies.
Administrative Wing
Municipal Commissioner is the executive authority of the municipal corporation. Municipal Commissioner is
one of the authorities charged with carrying out the provisions of the Andhra Pradesh Municipalities Act
1994. For administrative conveniences, the corporation is organized into various functional departments
and the sections are Engineering, Public Health, Revenue and Accounting and Education. The other
functional areas are Public Relations, HRD, and Horticulture etc.

Table 5.2: Strength of Administrative Wing
S.No. Designation Sanctioned Working Vacant
1 Commissioner 1 1 0
2 Additional Commissioner 1 0 1
3 Deputy Commissioner 1 1 0
4 Deputy Commissioner 1 0 1
(Circle Office)
5 Secretary 1 1 0
6 Public Relation Officer 1 0 1
7 Education Officer 1 0 1
Total 7 3 4
Source: GMC
Table 5.3: Ministerial Cadre Strength
1 Manager 1 1 0
2 Revenue Officer 4 2 2
3 Superintendent 9 9 0
4 Senior Assistant 23 18 5
5 Junior Assistant including Panchayat 47 39 8
6 Typist 4 3 1
7 Data Processing Operator 2 0 2
8 Data Entry Operator 4 3 1
Bill collector including Panchayat 42 40 2
Driver 1 1 0
Record Assistants 32 22 10
Office Subordinates 38 38 0
Gardener cum sweeper 2 0 2
Water Women 1 0 1
Watchmen 14 8 6

Total 224 184 40
Source: GMC
General Administration Department

The General Administration Department (GAD) manages staff postings and transfers, defines staff duties
and responsibilities, prepares administration reports and ensures proper communication between the
departments and the Corporation Council.
Accounts Department
The accounts department looks after GMC‟s finance and accounts. The accounts department is headed by
the Examiner of Accounts (EoA), who is assisted by the accountants and clerks in the department. The
total strength of the Accounts department is provided below in the table below.
Table 5.4: Accounts Department Strength
1 Accounts Officer 1 0 1
2 Junior Accounts Officer 1 0 1
3 Senior Accountant 1 0 1
4 Junior Accountant 1 0 1
Source: GMC
The key function of accounts department is to provide the following services:

• Maintenance of receipts and expenditures
• Preparation of annual budget
• Taking decisions on financial policy matters
• Pensions, loans, and the General Provident Fund
• Other responsibilities like deduction of different taxes from sources, i.e., service tax and education tax,
issuing of TDS certificates.
Engineering Department
The Superintending Engineer (SE) is the Technical head of engineering wing. The engineering department
preparation of plans and cost estimtes of civil works, construction and maintenance of roads, construction
of buildings, construction and maintenance of drains and drainage and maintenance of water supply. The
executive engineer is supported by the Deputy Engineer and Assistant Engineer.
Public Health
The Public health department is headed by the Deputy Commissioner. The MHO is assisted by the
sanitary inspectors of the respective zones. In GMC, the SWM and conservancy has been taken care by
the Public health section. The Public Health department is involved in solid waste management in Guntur
city along with cleaning of roads and conducting timely medical camps at the dispensaries within GMC.
Urban Poverty Alleviation
UPA cell is headed by the Secretary. The Project Officer at UPA cell initiates the planning and
implementation of all urban poverty alleviation programmes. A Project officer (PO) supervises the
implementation of the poverty alleviation programmes. The PO is assisted by community organizers.
Presently, the UPA cell is undertaking the following welfare activities within the city.

• Formation of Self Help Groups and facilitating bank linkages

• AASHARA programme to facilitate medical services to senior citizens
• Establishment of Community Resource Centres
• Livelihood improvement activities
• Affordable housing under Rajiv Gruha Kalpa
Revenue Department
The Revenue Department is another key department of GMC. The Revenue department is responsible to
collect the taxes such as, property tax, advertisement tax, and entertainment tax; issuing notices for
recovery of tax; and monitoring revenue collections of GMC.
Town Planning Department
The City Planner heads the Town Planning section in the GMC. The City Planner is responsible for the
integrated and planned development of the city. The City Planner has to ensure proper implementation of
Building Rules, Zoning Regulations, Layout Rules, and other Rules of Town Planning. The CP has to
initiate action against all unauthorized constructions and land use changes, illegal layouts and sub-division
of plots etc. The City Planner is also responsible for preparation of plans for Road Development, Road-
Junctions, and Traffic Islands etc.
Table 5.5: Town Planning Department Strength
1 City Planner 1 1 0
2 Deputy City Planner 2 1 1
3 Deputy City Planner (Transport

1 0 1
Planner)
4 Assistant City Planner 4 3 1
5 Town Planning Officer (Selection Gr.I) 1 0 1
Town Planning Supervisor 8 5 3
Town Planning Building Overseer 14 7 7
Chainman 11 10 1
Total 42 27 15
Vijayawada Guntur Tenali Mangalagiri Urban Development Authority (VGTM UDA):

The VGTM UDA has a head office at Vijayawada and divisional office at Guntur, Tenali and Mangalagiri.
Headed by the vice chairman, the urban development authority has three major wings – Planning,
engineering and estate development. The organogram of the VGTM UDA organisation structure is shown
below:
The major function is to prepare the Master Plan and Zonal Development Plans (ZDP) for the entire VGTM
region. In particular the functions include:
• To undertake land
• Acquisition and development.
• To achieve planned development by undertaking satellite townships and sites and services.

• To undertake housing projects for various income groups under the Public Housing Groups with the
financial assistance of HUDCO
• Road widening schemes / new road development projects,
• Development of commercial complexes, shopping / office complexes,
• Providing infrastructure in the township areas, colonies and layouts undertaken by VGTM
• Allotment of houses and plots to various income groups,
• Development of recreational facilities and urban forestry.
5.2 .2. 1. Cap acit y f or E ng ineeri ng Dep artm ent
The design, construction, operation, and maintenance of water supply system are the responsibility of
GMC. The engineering department of GMC is involved in the provision of the water supply services within
the GMC limits. The department is headed by a superintending engineer, who is assisted by an executive
engineer and a deputy and assistant engineer in project execution and operation and maintenance of the
assets. The staff strength details of the engineering section are presented in the table below.
Table 5.6: Staff strength of Engineering Department
1 Superintending Engineer (SE) 1 1 0

2 Executive Engineer (EE) 3 3 0
3 Deputy Executive Engineer 8 7 1
4 Elec. Deputy Executive Engineer 1 0 1
5 Assistant Engineers 18 11 7
6 Tank Watchman 6 0 6
7 Park Superintendent 1 0 1
8 Non Public Health Worker 104 62 41
9 Oil man 2 0 2
10 Fitter 7 7 Nil
11 Electrical Helper 3 0 3
12 Filter Bed Operator, Grade II 2 0 2
13 Filter Bed Operator 1 0 1
14 Watchman 15 5 10
15 Work Inspector 4 3 1
16 Meter Reader 1 1 Nil

17 Driver 13 4 9
18 Mechanic Driver 1 0 1
19 Avenue Mazdoor 30 21 10
20 Switch Board Operator 1 0 1

21 Gang Mazdoor 40 22 18
22 Man Mazdoor 3 1 2
23 Carpenter 1 0 1

24 Electrician 12 3 9
25 Fitter Mazdoors 7 4 3
26 Meter Mechanic 1 0 1
27 Wireman 1 1 nil
28 Fountain cleaner 4 2 2
29 Turn cock 4 0 4
30 Cleaners- Water Supply 3 0 3
31 Road Roller Driver 2 0 2

32 Mechanic 1 0 1
33 Tap Inspector 5 5 nil
34 Draftsman 1 1 nil
35 Cleaner 22 3 18
36 Malaria Mazdoor 3 0 3
Total 332 167 164
Source: Engineering Department, GMC
5.2 .2. 2. Cap acit y f or P ub lic Healt h Dep artm ent
The public health department of GMC is responsible for SWM services along with other key health-related
services like cleaning of drains, O&M of hospitals, birth and death registrations, issue of trade licences and
food safety concerns. The health department is headed by the chief medical officer (which is currently
vacant), who is assisted by the Municipal Health officer, sanitary supervisors, sanitary inspectors, and
public health workers.
GMC has deployed around 1,667 outsourcing workers and 488 permanent employees for the collection
and transportation of waste on a daily basis. Sanitary inspectors monitor the work in each ward. The
management and supervisory structures and strength of the Public Health Department are given in Table
5.7.

Table 5.7: Strength of Public Health Department

1 Chief Medical Officer (in the cadre of 1
1 0
civil surgeon)
2 Municipal Health Officer (M.H.O) 1 1 0
3 Biologist 1 1 0
4 Ayurvedic 2 1 1
5 Unani 2 0 2
6 Homeio 1 0 1
7 DSO 1 1 -
8 ASO 1 0 1
9 Sanitary Supervisors 3 3 0
10 Sanitary Inspectors 22 16 6
11 Health Assistants 22 6 16
12 Drivers 22 10 12
13 Cleaners 4 3 1
14 Compounders 5 1 4
15 FNO 5 1 4
16 MNO 5 0 5
17 BCG Mazdoor 1 0 1
18 Sanitary Maistries 43 38 5
19 Permanent Workers 949 488 461
20 HV 1 1 -
21 ANMs(F) 12 - 12
22 Ayahs 12 6 6
Total 1116 577 539
Source: GMC
Corresponding to the estimated population of about 7,46,093 (2011) within the GMC area and the criteria
for supervisory staff specified under the Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management (MoUD, GoI),
present status of requirements for various positions and actual availability is presented in Table 5.8 below.
Table 5.8: Manpower Requirements and Availability for SWM in GMC
Position/ Requirement as per Manual Requirements Actual Strength

Public Health/ Environmental Engineer / Civil Engineer having training in
environmental/ public health engineering in the grade of Executive Engineer to be in 1 Nil
charge of SWM department.
environmental/ public health engineering at the level of Assistant Executive Engineer 2 Nil
(one AEE for every 5 lakh population)
environmental/ public health engineering at the level of Assistant Engineer (one AE 3 Nil
for every 2.5 lakh population)
Qualified Sanitation Diploma holder/ Sanitation Officer @ one S.O. per 1 lac
3 (Sanitary
population or part thereof to look-after the collection, transportation, processing and 8
Supervisors)
disposal of waste or @ 1 per 2 Sanitary inspectors, whichever is less.
Qualified Sanitation Diploma holder Sanitary Inspector (S.I.) @ one S.I. per 50,000
15 16
population or part thereof or @ 1 per 80 sweepers, whichever is less.
While there is a requirement for appointment of 1 Executive Engineer (EE), 2 Asst. Executive Engineers, 3
Assistant Engineers, and 8 Sanitary Officers, currently there are no officers in these levels. There are only

3 Sanitary supervisors, and 16 Sanitary Inspectors. There are issues pertaining to efficiency of work,
monitoring and supervision, and eventually the quality and level of service, etc.
5.2 .2. 3. Cap acit y f or Comm unity Mob ilizatio n
The Urban Poverty Alleviation (UPA) department of GMC is responsible for the implementation of slum
improvement projects and the coordination for various slum development activities. The main focus is on
community mobilisation and organizing community workshops to implement community development
activities through their involvement.
Currently, the department coordinates the direct provision of services to slums. Under the urban poverty
reduction programmes, the community structures were constructed. In addition, the socio-economic
programmes, especially those aiming at empowerment of women and weaker sections by generating self-
employment through skill improvement.
The UPA cell is headed by Project Director who coordinates with the supervisory officials from state UPA
cell. The project director implements the poverty alleviation programmes through community organisers of
each slum. The cell has two data entry operators. The current staff at UPA cell falls short to effectively
implement the urban poverty alleviation programmes in the city.
Following are the capacity building measures for the UPA cell:
• Technical assistance for surveying and mapping of the spatial extent and service levels in the
slums
• Training to be imparted to data entry operators on IT related matters and MIS
• Training to be imparted to community organisers on urban community development
5.2 .2. 4. E-Gov erna nce/C om p laint Redress al S ys tem
GMC has implemented an E-governance system for payment of property tax and water charges and also
for lodging of citizen complaints. Citizens can lodge their complaints online and can also track their
complaints for resolution. GMC also has a dedicated cell with dedicated phone numbers for receiving
complaints from its citizens.
5.2 .2. 5. Occup atio nal Heal th an d Saf et y
Municipal sanitary workers represent the front line of a ULB in its war on pathogenic matter – liquid or solid,
and therefore, get exposed to several disease vectors as part of their work. In this respect, it is imperative
that the ULB takes care of its workers, if it is to win this war. The safety or protective equipment provided to
the workers are limitedly used while handling the waste manually more so, because the workers find it
uncomfortable and also there is inadaquate training to sanitary workers regarding waste handling
techniques.
5.2 .2. 6. Pub lic Priv ate P artn ership
At present there is no Public Private Partnership arrangement with respect to any of the municipal services
provided in Guntur city.
5.2 .2. 7. Hum an Resourc es Ma nag em ent
GMC has more than 2000 staff handling only the SWM services. A majority of these are unskilled
workers who are involved in solid waste and sanitation services and who are often characterized by
behavioural issues e.g., absenteeism, indiscipline, poor working practices, alcoholism, poor health,
etc. However for a service providing organization it is noted that its organogram does not include
position of, among others, an HR Manager. The latter could otherwise facilitate among others, training
on technical and behavioural aspects, motivation, service orientation towards citizens, matters related
to water and sanitation/ public health, good working practices, discipline, occupational health and
safety aspects, etc. Thus GMC does not have in house capacity to work towards improvement of its
human resources on a continual basis and thereby aspire to achieve higher service levels /

environment sanitation levels. Evidently training of staff is one of the most neglected areas and there
is no dedicated expenditure head in the budget for this activity. In absence of any planned
interventions, training is limited to higher level of staff on ad hoc basis.
5.2 .2. 8. Conclusi on
GMC is characterized by significant deficit in terms of capability and capacity to meet the challenges
of sanitation service delivery with reliability and consistency. Among others, these deficits could be
attributed to limited financial resources, limited trained manpower and lack of sustained support for
capacity building, etc.
5.3 Key Institutio nal Issues
Based on the assessment of the existing institutional arrangements for delivery of WATSAN services
across the city of Guntur, a set of key issues and conclusions in relation to successful implementation
of the City Sanitation Plan are listed hereunder.
• Guntur, with a population base of around 7.46 Lakhs is serviced mostly by GMC even though
it is supported by other agencies.
• GMC is non-compliant of the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
• Waste segregation is not exercised.
• There is no treatment system for waste.
• There is no scientifically designed land fill to dispose solid waste.
• Entire waste of the city is dumped at the waste disposal site in an unscientific manner, which
is a potential source of groundwater and soil contamination, air pollution and surface water
body pollution
• GMC does not have a separate sewerage and drainage system. Limited coverage by sewerage
network leading to adoption of technically inappropriate or unsafe on-site sanitation solutions.
• Misuse of open road-side storm water drains for direct disposal of excreta.
• GMC is characterized by significant capacity deficit. From the point of view of environmental
sanitation, the organization structure lacks critical positions of Public Relations Officer
(currently not filled), Social Worker cum Community Organizer/ Mobiliser, HR Manager, etc.

6 FINANCIAL ASSESSMENT
6.1 Financial Assess me nt of GMC
This chapter focuses on the assessment of financial health of Guntur Municipal Corporation (GMC) and the
issues related to financing of capital and operating costs of water and sanitation infrastructure and
services.
GMC, the urban local body, is responsible for civic infrastructure and administration of Guntur. Financial
assessment of GMC has been carried out to understand the income and expenditure pattern over 5 years
upto 2014-15. The income pattern has been assessed to identify issues with respect to the potential areas
of improvement in the revenues of the GMC. On the other hand, assessment of expenditure pattern looks
at investment for delivery of core services relevant under the CSP. The analysis also offers an insight on
GMC prospects for mobilising resources from financial institutions, if need be.
6.1.1 Municipal Income
Under its budget statements GMC classifies receipts in the following two major heads of accounts:
• Revenue Account comprising income from own sources and revenue grants from the Andhra Pradesh
Government.
• Capital Account comprising grants from Andhra Pradesh Government, Central Government, if any,
Deposits and Advance payments received and any loan borrowed.
The annual receipts of GMC under the two major heads of account defined above over a period of 5 years
(2010-11 to 2014-15) are shown in Table below.
Table 6.1: Total Receipts of GMC (Rs in crores)
Particulars 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Revenue Receipts 89 106 90 111 118
Capital Receipts 17 32 57 30 91
Total 105 137 147 141 208
Source: GMC’s Annual Financial Statements and Budget documents.
250
Exhibit 6.1: Total Receipts of GMC
200 Rs in crores
150
100
50
0
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
crores
Rs iin
Revenue Receipts
YEARS Capital Receipts
Total
Situation Analysis Report-Guntur Page | 06- 1

6.1.1.1 Total Annual Receipts
The total annual receipts of the GMC have been steadily increasing over the years, doubling from Rs. 105
crores in 2010-11 to Rs. 208 crores in 2014-15. An analysis of GMC’s revenues indicates that its own
revenue receipts (tax and non tax revenues) has reduced from 83% of total revenue to 68% of total
receipts over the past five years, indicating an increasing dependence on both assigned revenues and
revenue grants from the state government. The break up of GMC’s own revenues and revenue grants from
State Government is given in Table 6.2.
Table 6.2: GMC’s Own Revenues vs Assigned Revenues (Rs in crores)
Particulars 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Own Tax and Non Tax Revenues 74 86 74 86 80
Assigned Revenues/Revenue Grants 15 20 16 26 38

Total 89 106 90 111 118
While GMC’s own revenues has grown by about 10% over the last 5 years, assigned revenues/revenue
grants from the State Government has increased by more than 150% over the same period. The detailed
component of GMC’s own income is given in Table 6.3.
Exhibit 6.2: GMC’s Own Revenues vs Assigned Revenues

Rs in crores
150
100
50
0
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Own Tax and Non Tax Revenues in Crores Assigned Revenues/Revenue Grants in crores
Table 6.3: Break Up Of Revenues (Rs In Crores)

Particulars 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Own revenues
Property tax 23 26 38 44 44
Vacant land tax 1 2 1 1 2
Advertisement tax 3 2 2 3 2
Total tax income 28 29 41 49 48
Water & drainage charges and donations 8 4 7 9 8
Building rent 2 1 3 2 3
Others (title tranfer, trade/building license,
development charges, etc.) 36 48 24 23 20
Total non tax income 46 56 33 37 32
Assigned revenues & grants 15 20 16 26 38
Capital grants 8 14 45 8 71
Loans, deposits, other liabilities 8 17 12 22 20
Total 105 137 147 141 208

250
Exhibit 6.3: GMC's own revenue in Rs (Crores)
200
150
100
Rs In 50
crores
0
Loans,
Assigned
Total tax Total non tax deposits,
revenues & Capital grants Total
income income other
grants
liabilities
2010-11 28 46 15 8 8 105
2011-12 29 56 20 14 17 137
2012-13 41 33 16 45 12 147
2013-14 49 37 26 8 22 141
2014-15 48 32 38 71 20 208
The main component of GMC’s tax receipts is property tax, contributing about 90% of its tax receipts. The
water and drainage charges contributed a major portion of GMC’s non tax income, with many other
components like building rent, title transfer charges, etc. contributing the balance. Non tax income reduced
from Rs 48 crores in 2010-11 to Rs 32 crores in 2014-15 primarily due to reduction in revenue from
Building Penalisation Scheme, which contributed substantially in 2010-11.
Ther capital grant receipts have not been consistent over the years. While receipts due to allocation by
Finance Commissions contributed during a few years, during others, receipts from Andhra Pradesh
Municipal Development Program contributed substantially during the other years. The detailed break up is
given in Table 6.4.
Table 6.4: Break up of Capital grants (Rs in Crores)
PARTICULARS 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Assembly/Parliament Constituency Dev 0 1 2 1 1
Finance Commission grant (12 & 13) 2 10 0 0 6
Water supply 0 3 0 3 0
Road grant 0 0 1 3 1
AP Municipal Development Program 0 0 41 0 62
Others 6 0 0 0 1
Total Capital Grant 8 14 45 8 71

6.1.2 Municipal Expenditure
Exhibit 6.4: Break up of Capital grants (Rs in Crores)
Total Capital Grant
Others
AP Municipal Development Program
Road grant
Water supply
Finance Commission grant (12 & 13)
Assembly/Parliament Constituency Dev
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Rs in crores
2014-15 2013-14 2012-13 2011-12 2010-11
Similar to the revenues, the expenditure of GMC has also been classified into the following two major
heads of Accounts under the budget statements:
• Revenue Expenditure Account comprising expenditure towards general administration and collection
charges, public safety, public health and conveniences (i.e., municipal solid waste management,
street sweeping, etc.), and miscellaneous expenses.
• Capital Account comprising expenditure on public works under various schemes of the state and
central governments.
The annual expenditure of the GMC under the two major heads defined above over the last 5 years
(2010-2015) is shown in Table 6.5.
Table 6:5: Expenditure Summary (Rs in crores)
Particulars 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Revenue expenditure 86 114 69 106 121
Capital expenditure 4 5 8 31 28
Total 90 119 77 136 149


Exhibit 6.5: Municipal Expenditure Summary (Rs in crores)

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Revenue expenditure Capital expenditure
The revenue expenditure accounts for the major component, with general establishment and administrative
costs, and O&M expenditure contributing to about 35% of the revenue expenditure. The detailed break up
of revenue expenditure is given in Table 6.6.
Table 6.6: Break up of Revenue Expenditure (Rs in crores)
Particulars 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Establishment Expenditure 13 16 15 22 18
Administration Expenditure 13 17 13 22 17
O & M expenditure 4 6 10 7 8
Misc. expenditure 57 74 32 56 77
Total 86 114 69 106 121
Source: GMC’s Budget documents.
6.1.3 Capital Surplus/Def icit
Over the past few years, GMC’s capital expenditure has increased substantially, which has been funded by
capital grants. The major capital expenditure has been incurred in implementing Andhra Pradesh Municipal
Development Program.
Table 6.7: Capital Account Receipts/Expenditure (Rs in crores)
Particulars 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Capital Grants received 8 14 45 8 71
Surplus /(Deficit) 4 9 37 -23 43

6.1.4 Revenue Surplus/Def icit
Table 6.8 presents a comparison of revenue receipts of GMC from own sources (excluding assigned
revenue/revenue grants from the State Government) and revenue expenditure over a period of past five
years. It is to be noted that out of 5 years, GMC has recorded deficit in four years.
Table 6.8: Calculation of Revenue Surplus/Deficit (Rs in crore)

Particulars 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Revenue receipts 74 86 74 86 80
Surplus/(deficit) (12) (28) 4 (20) (40)
The deficit significantly reduces when one considers assigned revenues/revenue grants from the State
Government. GMC continued to record a marginal revenue deficit only in two of the five years of analysis.
Table 6.9 gives the details.
Table 6.9: Calculation of Revenue Surplus/Deficit including Revenue Grants (Rs in crores)
2014-
Particulars 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
15
Own revenue 74 86 74 86 80
Assigned revenues/grants received 15 20 16 26 38
Total revenue receipts 89 106 90 111 118
Surplus/deficit 3 (8) 20 6 (3)

6.1.4.1 Total Surplus/Def icit

However, on an overall basis, GMC has achieved surplus during all the five years. (Table 6.10).
Table 6.10: Total Surplus/(Deficit) Rs in crores
Particulars 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Total receipts 105 137 147 141 208
Total expenditure 90 119 77 136 149
Surplus 15 18 69 5 60

Exhibit 6.6: Total Surplus/(Deficit) Rs in crores

250
200
Rs in crores
150
100
50
0
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Total receipts 105 137 147 141 208
Total expenditure 90 119 77 136 149
Surplus 15 18 69 5 60
6.2 Key Fi nancial Aspects and Issues at GMC
Based on a detailed assessment of the financial performance of GMC key aspects and issues are
summarised as follows.
• GMC has achieved a surplus in each of the 5 years of analysis on a consolidated basis. However, this
has been achieved due to substantial surplus on account of capital account, indicating that capital
expenditure has been much lower than capital receipts.
• The revenue expenditure has almost matched revenue receipts during the past 5 years.
While water and drainage charges have remained flat (at about Rs 7 crores) during the past 5 years, O&M
expenditure in this regard has doubled from Rs 3.2 crores in 2010-11 to Rs 6.6 crores in 2014-15. The
establishment and administrative expenditure for water and drainage are consequently not financed by
water and drainage charges. Hence, there is an urgent need to rationalise water and drainage.

7 KEY ISSUES AFFECTING ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION

IN GUNTUR
The preceding chapters present a detailed analysis of the present situation of water and sanitation
infrastructure and services across Guntur Municipal Corporation (GMC) area. Each of the chapters also
brings out a set of key issues in the respective domain which affect the level and quality of services.
7.1 Introductio n
Guntur is the third largest urban centre in the state of Andhra Pradesh and also the third most populous
city after Vishakhapatnam and Vijaywada. New capital city for Andhra Pradesh has been proposed in the
VGTM (Vijayawada Guntur Tenali and Mangalgiri) jurisdictions adding ample emphasis to the city’s growth.
The city is well-known for its exports including chillies, cotton and tobacco and is also renowned for
education, trade and commerce activies.
River Krishna is the main source of surface water to Guntur city and at present the water is being drawn
from the Guntur canal, Kommamur canal and infiltration galleries. The raw water is being drawn from
Guntur channel at Takkellapadu and Mangalagiri Pumphouse simultaneously. Amongst the newly added
10 villages, Gorantla and Adavitakellapadu receive water supply through the GMC system and tankers.
GMC is yet to extend the water supply system to the rest of the merged areas.
The water table is varying across the city; in the western parts of the city, the water table is as low as 18 m,
while in other areas, water is found at depths of 3m to 6m.The quality of ground water is brackish;
however, it can be used for potable purpose.
Evidently, 11% of households are connected to sewer network, 84% have septic tanks and the rest of the
5% households are without any outlet for toilets. As for the newly added areas i.e. 10 wards, sewerage
network is absent and there is minimal coverage of septic tanks. Engineering Department, GMC manages
the sanitation services in the city.
The solid waste management in Guntur is being managed by the Public Health Department of GMC. With
a population of over 7 lakhs covering an area of 159 sq. km., Guntur generates around 320 MT of waste
daily. Inspite of 97% waste collection coverage in the core city area (old municipal area) the system at
present is in a state of disarray, more so, due to the nuisance created by the waste disposed at the transit
point at Etukuru road and the designated open dumping site at Naidupetu.
Guntur has four outfall drains namely Peekalvagu drain, Koritepadu drain, Sudapalli donka drain and
Budhapadu drain which receive drainage from the entire city through a network of open drains running
across the existing roads. According to GMC, there are 838 Km pucca drains and 351 km of semi-pucca
drains in the city catering to normal rainfall as during heavy rain the drains do not have the capacity to
discharge storm water efficiently as the drainage capacities are insufficient to carry peak flow upto 3 to 4
hours.
Taking forward, this chapter collates the wide range of issues, establishes linkages and offers a combined
set of conclusions. Institutional, financial and social/community related challenges are presented upfront
which enable an improved understanding of issues related to infrastructure and services. Further, these
conclusions will assist in evolving a set of recommendations which are going to form the core of the CSP
for Guntur which will be developed in the next stage.
Situation Analysis Report-Guntur Page | 07-1

7.2 Iss ues Related to Water Supply
A set of key issues which affect delivery of water supply services and therefore to certain extent sanitation
in Guntur are as follows:
• Water supply is sourced from quite a distance and water is not available in the canals throughout
the year. This puts pressure on the availability of water in the city resulting in sourcing from other
alternatives available.
• Tail-end areas face severe water supply issue pertaining to non-availability of piped water supply.
Households are habituated to draw water by pumping which is also one of the reasons for tail end
people not getting water. This issue can be avoided by providing 24/7 water supply. For this under
new schemes for augmentation of water supply in Guntur city the entire town is divided in to 28
DMAs (district metering area).
• There is a high transmission and distribution losses owing to the infrastructure being quite old
which also results in high O&M cost of the components.
• There is no metering system in place and duration of supply of water is only 1-3 hrs in a day
• The total installed capacity of WTP is 119 MLD, but only around 93 MLD in actual is supplied at the
consumer end.
• Clotting of Filter bed due to heavy turbidity and all the valves in the plant are to be replaced as
there are operational issues every week due to some or the other failure of plant machinery
• Water charges collected are at a nominal flat rate which reduces the extent of cost recovery levels.
• Water supply pipelines are subject to contamination due to passing of the pipes through or along
the drainage network
• Guntur water supply scheme from Sangam Jagarlamudi is functioning since 1953 onwards at a
distance of 12.50 km from Guntur city. There are three tire pumping system first from canal to SS
tank and then from SS tank to filter beds and then to the clear water sump to elevated service
reservoirs. All the pump-sets are 30 to 40 years back and still working. However, on-site problems
such as electrical issues with all the motors owing to high temperatures and water supply
interruptions, there is a need to replace all Pumpsets with motors with new and latest electrical
systems to save power charges.
7.3 Challe nges in t he Area of Sanitatio n
There are wide ranges of issues which affect level of sanitation across GMC area. A number of institutional
and organization issues have already been brought out below.
OBSERVATION/ EFFECT CAUSE
Widespread open defecation in the vicinity of • Paucity of community toilets/ number of seats
water bodies, rivers, railway track, and slums • Unavailability of space and funds in slum localities
• Rented housing, settlements
• Poor O & M of public and community toilets
• Unavailability of sewage network
Direct discharge of excreta / sewage into the • Lack of sewerage coverage
Drains by households located along its banks. • Unreformed behaviour
• Absence of Behaviour Change Communication (BCC)
• Lack of capacity for BCC
Lack of interest in constructing IHL in certain • Unavailability of sewage network
pockets e.g., Pamula Colony, Balajinagar • Unavailability of space and funds in slum localities
• Unreformed behaviour
Extention slums, Ramaanjeya Colony,
• Absence of Behaviour Change Communication (BCC)
Rehabilitation Colony

OBSERVATION/ EFFECT CAUSE
Low usage of public / community toilets • Lack of community toilets

• Inadequate number of toilet seats and urinals in public toilets
• Poor maintenance and unaesthetic surroundings
• Disconnection/ lack of public water supply
• Short duration of water supply
• Lack of community participation
• Inadequate monitoring and supervision
• Inadequate incentives to service providers
Unsafe disposal of effluent and septage from • Lack of a robust septage management system with proper
septic tanks. licensing at all stages
• Poor capacity of soil to absorb effluent
• Inadequate technical arrangement to dispose of the effluent
• Lack of space to construct proper disposal system
Non-existence of sewerage system • Lack of technical capacity from the ULB
Overflowing domestic sewer connections • Technical/ technological limitations
No sewage Treatment plant • Existing STP defunct and the proposed projects are in pipeline
Lack of knowledge about use of latest and • Insufficient technical capacity

efficient technologies for sewage treatment
7.4 Iss ues Related to Storm Water Drai nage
The drainage system in GMC experience the problem of temporary flooding during heavy rain storms. A
set of issues related to storm water drainage network are summarized below.
Issues Effects
Lack of a robust and reliable - Open storm water drains which are generally misused for disposal of
underground/ covered storm water sewage/ excreta, solid waste and road sweepings that often block the drains
drainage network in residential and causing stagnation of wastewater and hence, offer breeding sites for
commercial areas mosquitoes
Absence of storm water pumping

- Localised flooding in important commercial and residential areas as well as
stations at important / strategic
low lying habitations, often leading to loss of businesses, goods and property
locations
Absence of sewer network and lack of - Increasing urbanization levels and absence of proper sewerage system
treatment capacity in certain localities. leading to disposal of wastewater in the drainage system
Blockage of natural drainage pattern - Flooding in core city, low-lying areas and low income communities/ squatter
due to solid waste disposal in drains slum settlements

Issues Effects
- Inability to carry out strategic planning and develop critical infrastructure e.g.,
Lack of technical expertise and
storm water pumping stations, drainage network, etc.
capacity
- Design insufficiencies, resulting in under or oversized drains.
- Inability while cleaning the drain, resulting in choked drains and hence
Improper drain cleaning,
overflowing and flooding.
Encroachments along, unauthorized
- Insufficient maintenance, leading to despair chockage etc.
settlement.
- Obstruction to Natural flow due to encroachment of sides of drains.
7.5 Challe nges of Solid Waste Ma nagement
The major issue is non-compliance of the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
and Draft Rules 2015 by the GMC. Other key issues related to Municipal solid waste management across
GMC area are:
Waste Generation:
• Reliable data available w.r.t solid waste generation and its assessment (quantification, characterization
etc.)
• Solid waste generated is disposed off openly on streets, drains, etc. and sometimes burnt causing
health hazards, public nuisance and degradation of environment and aesthetics
Waste Collection & Transportation:
• Lack of segregation of waste at source resulting in collection of waste in mixed form thus, neglecting the
potential of waste recovery.
• Inadequate number of waste receptacles as the waste is dumped at open disposal points in wards that
are high in number
• Coverage of waste collection and transportation is fairly good however, the efficiency is low which
affects the SWM system in a significant manner.
• Primary collection system is not that effective as significant part of the waste is left unattended
• Inadequate capacity of GMC to collect & transport the littered waste to the dump site
• Unplanned routing of vehicles for transportation of waste to the disposal site. Existing fleet of vehicles
are inadequate and lack of proper O& M lead to frequent breakdown of vehicles.
• Manual handling of waste exposes sanitary workers to all sorts of wastes. No effective protective
measures have been taken for safety, health and hygiene of these workers who are vulnerable to health
hazards
Waste Treatment & Disposal:

• Solid Waste is directly drained into storm water drains causing severe clogging of drains.
• There is no waste processing or scientific disposal facility (only an open dumping site) for its safe
treatment and disposal.
• Lack of waste management infrastructure for other wastes (construction & demolition) is also a threat,
which is getting mixed with municipal waste and is getting diverted to dumpsite.
Other Areas of Concern:
• At present overall waste collection coverage is about 83% although the collection efficiency is quite low.

• The waste is transported twice, once at the transit point and thereafter to the dumping site at Naidupet
wthout any processing or treatment. This increases the transportation cost (fuel, O&M) unnecessarily.
• No major initiatives have been taken so far by GMC to educate people on the ill-effects of haphazard
disposal of solid waste.
• The staff, infrastructure and key resources that is required in compliance with the MSW rules at ULB
level is inadequate and needs good planning and technical expertise
• Lack of inter-departmental coordination, transparency, expertise and inefficiency in handling and
disposal of solid wastes.
• No collection of user charges, recovered only under general sanitation collected as part of property tax
7.6 Institutional Chal lenges
Based on the assessment of the existing institutional arrangements for delivery of WATSAN services
across the city of Guntur, a set of key issues and conclusions in relation to successful implementation of
the City Sanitation Plan are listed hereunder.
• Guntur, with a population base of around 7.46 Lakhs is serviced mostly by GMC even though it is
supported by other agencies.
• GMC is non-compliant of the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
• Waste segregation is not exercised.
• There is no treatment system for waste.
• There is no scientifically designed land fill to dispose solid waste.
• Entire waste of the city is dumped at the waste disposal site in an unscientific manner, which is a
potential source of groundwater and soil contamination, air pollution and surface water body pollution
• GMC does not have a separate sewerage and drainage system. Limited coverage by sewerage
network leading to adoption of technically inappropriate or unsafe on-site sanitation solutions.
• Misuse of open road-side storm water drains for direct disposal of excreta.
• GMC is characterized by significant capacity deficit. From the point of view of environmental sanitation,
the organization structure lacks critical positions of Public Relations Officer (currently not filled), Social
Worker cum Community Organizer/ Mobiliser, HR Manager, etc.
7.7 Iss ues Related to Municipal Fi nance
Based on a detailed assessment of the financial performance of GMC key aspects and issues are
summarized as follows.
• GMC’s revenue receipts are consistently in excess of revenue expenditure. However, it is important to
note that the surplus is primarily on account of revenue grants received from the state government
• GMC has achieved a total surplus in two of the five years of analysis and break- even in the balance
years (including both revenue and capital accounts)
• GMC’s balance sheet is robust with own funds of Rs. 202 crores and without any borrowings,
indicating good scope for raising debt in future for funding various programs
• There is however, an urgent need to rationalise various revenue sources including property tax, water
charges, sanitation charges, etc.

7.8 Iss ues Related to Stakeholder Anal ysis & Communit y Repsonses
on Sa nitation and Municipal Service s
Some of the key issues that emerge based on consultations and household surveys and areas of
interventions are listed below:
• Lack of institutional arrangement and initiatives for regular or sustained engagement/partnership with
stakeholders.
• Limited capacity and systems for regular monitoring, supervision and reporting regarding overall
sanitation condition.
• Lack of interest towards occupational health and safety aspects of sanitary workers and their
wellbeing.

APPENDIX 2.1: POPULATION PROJECTIONS FOR GUNTUR
Population projections for Guntur is based on various methods are presented in this Appendix. Census
populations for last 4 decades are presented in Table 1 and alongside the average decadal parameters
which are used for computation in subsequent sections under different methods are also worked out. As
per this, it is noted that Guntur has been experiencing variation of growth i.e., the CAGR has increased
upto 1981 but come down 0.89 % in 2001 and again in 2011 it has hugely increased.
Table 1: Baseline Population and Projection Factors
Population as per Incremental increase Decadal growth CAGR

Year Increase per decade
census per decade factor %
1971 2,69,991 - - - -
1981 3,67,699 97,708 - 0.36 3.14%
1991 4,71,051 1,03,352 5,644 0.28 2.51%
2001 5,14,461 43,410 -59,942 0.09 0.89%
2011 7,46,093 2,31,632 1,88,222 0.45 3.79%
Population projections for the next three decades based on different methods are provided in the following
sections.
Arithmetic Increase Method
This is one of the simplest methods for population forecasting. It is based on the average constant increase
per decade (refer Table 2). Projections are made based on the following formula:
Where,
: Population in the nth decade.
: Base year population.
‘ ’: The no. of decades after the base year, and
: The average decennial increase.
Table 2: Projection as per Arithmetic Increase Method

S. No. Year Decades after 2011 Population of Average increase Projected S. No.
year 2011 as per decade population
per census
1 2011 7,46,093 1,19,026 7,46,093
2 2016 0.5 7,46,093 1,19,026 8,05,606 1.55%
3 2021 1 7,46,093 1,19,026 8,65,119 1.44%
4 2026 1.5 7,46,093 1,19,026 9,24,631 1.34%
5 2031 2 7,46,093 1,19,026 9,84,144 1.26%
6 2036 2.5 7,46,093 1,19,026 10,43,657 1.18%
7 2041 3 7,46,093 1,19,026 11,03,170 1.12%
8 2046 3.5 7,46,093 1,19,026 11,62,682 1.06%
Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page |A1

Incremental Increase Method

In this method, the incremental increase is considered for projecting the population (refer table 3). The
calculations are based on the following formula:
Where,
‘ ’: The no. of decades after the base year.
: Average decennial increase, and
: Average incremental increase per decade.
Table 3: Projections as per Incremental Increase Method

S.NO Year Decades after 2011 Population Average Average Projected CAGR
(n) of year 2011 increase per incremental population
as per decade (X) increase (Pn)
census (P1) per decade
(y)
1 2011 7,46,093 7,46,093

2 2016 0.5 7,46,093 1,19,026 33,481 8,18,161 1.86%
3 2021 1 7,46,093 1,19,026 33,481 8,98,600 1.89%
4 2026 1.5 7,46,093 1,19,026 33,481 9,87,408 1.90%
5 2031 2 7,46,093 1,19,026 33,481 10,84,587 1.90%
6 2036 2.5 7,46,093 1,19,026 33,481 11,90,136 1.87%
7 2041 3 7,46,093 1,19,026 33,481 13,04,056 1.85%
8 2046 3.5 7,46,093 1,19,026 33,481 14,26,345 1.81%
Geometrical Increase Method

In this method the percentage increase in population from decade to decade is assumed to remain
constant (refer Table 4).The population of nth decade is estimated based on the following formula:
Where,
‘n’: The no. of decades after the base year, and
: Geometrical mean of % decadal growth.

Table 4: Projection Based on Geometrical Increase Method

S.NO Year Decades after Population of year Average growth Projected CAGR
2011 (n) 2011 as per census rate per decade population
(P1)
1 2011 7,46,093 7,46,093
2 2016 0.5 7,46,093 0.253 8,35,082 2.28%
3 2021 1 7,46,093 0.253 9,34,684 2.28%
4 2026 1.5 7,46,093 0.253 10,46,167 2.28%
5 2031 2 7,46,093 0.253 11,70,946 2.28%
6 2036 2.5 7,46,093 0.253 13,10,609 2.28%
7 2041 3 7,46,093 0.253 4,66,929 2.28%
8 2046 3.5 7,46,093 0.253 16,41,894 2.28%
Declining Rate of Growth Method

As the name says, this method considers that the rate of growth of population in a town in declining over
the successive decades. Naturally declining rate of growth is also based on the premise that the larger the
city becomes, its rate of growth will show a declining pattern (refer Table 5). The formula used in this
method is as follows, which includes a special parameter called ‘saturation population’ that is decided
based on judgment/ long term potential of the town.
Where,
: Population in the nth decade
: Base year population
: Saturation population.
: Decreasing rate of increase growth constant, and
: Time (year) for which population is to be determined.
Table 5: Projection Based on Declining Rate of Growth Method

S.NO Year Population Population Saturation Kd S-P1 Exp Projected CAGR
of year population population
1981 as (S)
per
census
(P1)
1 1971 2,69,991
2 1981 3,67,699 3,67,699 20,00,000 0.006541 16,32,301
3 1991 4,71,051 3,67,699 20,00,000 0.006541 15,28,949
4 2001 5,14,461 3,67,699 20,00,000 0.006541 14,85,539
5 2011 7,46,093 3,67,699 20,00,000 0.006541 12,53,907 7,46,093
6 2016 3,67,699 20,00,000 0.006541 20,00,000 0.79538 7,76,939 0.81%
7 2021 3,67,699 20,00,000 0.006541 20,00,000 0.769788 8,28,123 1.28%

S.NO Year Population Population Saturation Kd S-P1 Exp Projected CAGR

of year population population
1981 as (S)
per
census
(P1)
8 2026 3,67,699 20,00,000 0.006541 20,00,000 0.745019 8,77,661 1.17%
9 2031 3,67,699 20,00,000 0.006541 20,00,000 0.721047 9,25,604 1.07%
10 2036 3,67,699 20,00,000 0.006541 20,00,000 0.697847 9,72,005 0.98%
11 2041 3,67,699 20,00,000 0.006541 20,00,000 0.675393 10,16,913 0.91%
12 2046 3,67,699 20,00,001 0.006541 20,00,001 0.653661 10,60,376 0.84%
Simple Graph Method

Based on the past trend, the population is projected considering a linear/ straight growth (refer table 6). As
shown in the graph presented below, a curve is formed for the available data.
Table 6: Projection Based on Simple Graph Method

S.NO Year Projected population CAGR
1 1971 2,69,991
2 1981 3,67,699
3 1991 4,71,051
4 2001 5,14,461
5 2011 7,46,093
6 2016 7,48,601 0.07%
7 2021 8,03,549 1.43%
8 2026 8,58,497 1.33%
9 2031 9,13,445 1.25%
10 2036 9,68,394 1.18%
11 2041 10,23,342 1.11%
12 2046 10,78,290 1.05%
Semi-Log Method
Projections in this method (refer Table 7) are based on a plot on semi-log graph given below.

Table 7: Projection Based on Semi-Log Graph Method

1 1971 2,69,991
2 1981 3,67,699
3 1991 4,71,051
4 2001 5,14,461
5 2011 7,46,093
6 2016 7,47,302 0.03%
7 2021 8,01,474 1.41%
8 2026 8,55,512 1.31%
9 2031 9,09,417 1.23%
10 2036 9,63,190 1.16%
11 2041 10,16,830 1.09%
12 2046 10,70,340 1.03%
2nd Order Degree Polynomial Method

The formula used for projection is given in below graph and projected population is shown in Table 10:

Table 10: Projections as per 2nd Order Degree Polynomial Method

1 1971 2,69,991
2 1981 3,67,699
3 1991 4,71,051
4 2001 5,14,461
5 2011 7,46,093
6 2016 7,94,288 1.26%
7 2021 8,89,988 2.30%
8 2026 9,93,114 2.22%
9 2031 11,03,664 2.13%
10 2036 12,21,640 2.05%
11 2041 13,47,040 1.97%
12 2046 14,79,866 1.90%
Conclusions
Population projections based on various methods as outlined above are summarized in Table 11.
Considering the population provided in City Development Plan of Guntur-2041, Incremental Increase
Method has been adopted for GMC.
However, it is to be noted that these projections are based on normal or natural growth trend and do not
consider unusual developments or phenomenon e.g., merging of adjoining villages or towns, etc.
Table 11: Summary of Population Projection for Guntur Municipal Corporation
Geometric Declining 2nd Order

Arithmatic Incremental Simple Semi- Logistic Decadal
Yea al growth Degree
increase increase graph Log s growth
r increase rate Polynomial
method method method method methods method
method method Method
201 7,46,09
1 7,46,093 7,46,093 7,46,093 7,46,093 7,46,093 3 7,46,093 7,46,093 7,46,093
201 7,47,30
6 8,05,606 8,18,161 8,35,082 7,76,939 7,48,601 2 5,84,294 8,49,039 7,94,288
202 8,01,47
1 8,65,119 8,98,600 9,34,684 8,28,123 8,03,549 4 6,08,771 9,66,190 8,89,988
202 8,55,51
10,99,50
6 9,24,631 9,87,408 10,46,167 8,77,661 8,58,497 2 6,33,814 9,93,114
6
203 9,09,41
12,51,21
1 9,84,144 10,84,587 11,70,946 9,25,604 9,13,445 7 6,59,399 11,03,664
7
203 9,63,19
14,23,86
6 10,43,657 11,90,136 13,10,609 9,72,005 9,68,394 0 6,85,499 12,21,640
0
204 10,16,8
16,20,32
1 11,03,170 13,04,056 14,66,929 10,16,913 10,23,342 30 7,12,083 13,47,040
6
204 10,70,3
18,43,89
6 11,62,682 14,26,345 16,41,894 10,60,376 10,78,290 40 7,39,118 14,79,866
9

APPENDIX 2.2: LIST OF SLUMS IN GMC
S. Ward Name Slum Name Notified/Non-Notified

No.
1 1 Basavataraka Nagar Notified
2 1 Ganesh Nagar Notified
3 1 Vasavi Nagar Notified
4 1 Gaddipadu Notified
5 1 Mangaladas Nagar Ext Notified
6 1 Mangaldass Nagar Notified
7 1 N. T. R. Colony Notified
8 1 Rajagopala Nagar Notified
9 2 Mohammad Jani Rajakula Colony Non-Notified
10 2 Shop Employees Colony Notified
11 2 Navabharath Muta Maistry Colony Notified
12 2 Tarakarama Nagar Notified
13 2 R. T. C. Colony Notified
14 2 Mani Puram Notified
15 2 Venkatarao Nagar Notified
16 2 Israial Pet Notified
17 2 Pig Rearing Colony Non Notified
18 3 Tamma Rangareddy Nagar Notified
19 3 Jakeer Hussain Nagar Notified
20 3 Vinobha Nagar Notified
21 2 Test Slum For Guntur Notified
22 4 Lal Bahadur Nagar Notified
23 5 Pamula Colony Non-Notified
24 5 Balaji Nagar Extn._ Notified
25 5 Balaji Nagar Notified
26 5 Sri Lakshmi Nagar Notified
27 5 Lakshmi Nagar Notified
28 5 Chavali Narayanamma Nagar Non Notified
29 6 Sudhapalli Donka Notified
30 6 Azad Nagar Extension Notified
31 6 Mugdam Nagar Notified
32 6 Golusu Kondala Rao Nagar Notified
33 6 Anandpet_ Yanadi Colony Notified
34 7 Sri Krishna Nagar Notified
35 7 Mallaalingam Nagar Notified
36 7 Ali Nagar Notified
37 No Slum Non Notified
38 9 Prakash Nagar Notified
39 9 Rami Reddythota Notified
40 9 Kuglar Hospital Area Non-Notified
Situation Analysis Report - Guntur Page |A7


No.
46 15 Vaddigudem Notified
47 Fakirgudem_(PS) Notified
48 16 Sramikula Colony Non-Notified
49 16 Shabha Hussain Nagar Notified
50 16 Kidambi Nagar Notified
51 16 Bavaji Nagar Notified
52 16 Chandrababu Naidu Colony Notified
53 16 Sai Baba Colony Non-Notified
54 16 Swarnakarula Colony Notified
55 16 Indira Priya Darsini Colony Notified
56 17 Bibi Nagar Non-Notified
57 17 Ram Rahim Colony Notified
58 17 Gandhi Nagar Notified
59 17 Laxmi Raghu Ramaiah Nagar Notified
60 17 Kabadi Gudem Notified
61 17 Sugali Colony Notified
62 18 Indiragandhi Nagar Notified
63 19 Workers Colony Non-Notified
64 19 Timmaiah Nagar Notified
65 19 Mahatma Gandhi Nagar Notified
66 19 Menakagandhi Nagar Notified
67 20 Damodaram Saneevaiah Nagar Notified
68 20 Rama Nama Kshetram Extension Notified
69 20 Sampath Nagar Notified
70 20 Burial Ground (Bongaralabeedu) Notified
71 20 Suryadevara Peta Non-Notified
72 26 Srinivasarao Thota Notified
73 Venugoplapuram Extn_(Ps) Notified
74 20 Damodaram Saneevaiah Nagar Notified
75 17 Sugali Colony Notified
76 19 Workers Colony Non-Notified
78 24 Akulavari Thota Notified
79 25 Ankamma Nagar Notified
80 25 Hanuman Nagar Notified
81 25 Sivaram Nagar Notified
82 26 Bhagath Sing Nagar Notified
83 26 Srinivasarao Thota Notified
84 26 Bhanu Prasad_Sasank Goel Colony Non-Notified


No.
85 26 Yesubhaktha Nagar Notified
86 26 Sri Krishna Nagar Extension Notified
87 26 Rehabilitate Colony Non-Notified
88 26 Mugdum Nagar Extension Notified
89 26 Krishna Babu Colony Non-Notified
90 27 Sundara Nandana Vanam Non-Notified
91 27 Subba Reddy Nagar Notified
92 27 Joseph Nagar Notified
93 27 K. V. P. Colony Notified
94 28 New Jute Mill Colony Notified
95 28 At Agraharam Notified
96 28 Huzur Nagar-Ps Notified
97 29 Chenchula Colony Non-Notified
98 29 Katikaparula Colony Non-Notified
99 29 Koyadorala Colony Non-Notified
100 29 Seethamma Colony Notified
101 29 Nalla Kunta Notified
102 30 Fathima Nagar Notified
103 31 Raja Rajeswari Nagar Notified
104 31 Georgepet Notified
105 32 Azad Nagar Notified
106 32 Banjara Naik Colony Notified
107 32 Stambala Garuvu Notified
108 32 Tufan Nagar Notified
109 33 Nayee Brahmin Colony Notified
110 33 Gujjana Gundla Notified
111 33 Krishan Babu Nagar Notified
112 33 Sai Baba Nagar Notified
113 33 Kalyani Nagar Notified
114 34 Sai Krishna Nagar Notified
115 34 Nethaji Nagar Notified
116 35 Cobaldpet Notified
117 Swarnabharathi Devapuram Notified
Nagar
118 Swarnabharathi Swarna Bharathi Nagar Non-Notified
Nagar
120 38 Brodipet Kalava Poramboku Notified
121 38 Brodipet Donka Notified
123 38 Brodipet Donka Notified
124 42 Naidu Pet Notified
125 Brodipet Extn_(Ps) Notified
126 41 Sugalis Colony. Non-Notified
127 41 Gothami Nagar Notified


No.
128 41 Hanumaiah Nagar Notified
129 41 Koritepadu Notified
130 41 Muthyala Reddy Nagar Non Notified
131 42 Sanjay Gandhi Nagar Notified
132 42 Peeru Thota Notified
133 42 Naidu Pet Notified
134 43 Jagjeevanram Colony Notified
135 44 Potti Sree Ramulu Nagar Notified
136 45 Md. Jani Nagar Notified
137 45 Mahaboob Nagar Arundelpet Notified
138 45 Chandraiah Nagar Notified
139 45 Mallikarjuna Pet. Notified
140 46 Velangini Nagar Notified
141 46 Ratnapuri Colony Notified
142 46 Sarada Colony Notified
143 46 Vasantharaya Puram Notified
144 47 Rajeswarao Colony Notified
145 47 Priya Banjara Colony Notified
146 48 Vengala Rao Nagar Notified
147 48 Sanjeevaiah Nagar Notified
148 48 Gorrelamandi Notified
149 49 Shanthi Nagar Notified
150 49 Immanuel Pet Notified
151 49 Vengaiah Nagar Notified
152 49 Bongaralu Beedu Notified
153 Abralapet_(PS) Notified
154 51 Venkatadri Pet Notified
155 51 Weavers Colony Notified
156 52 Paramaya Kunta Notified
157 52 Ambedkar Nagar Notified
158 52 Sitarama Nagar Notified
159 52 Arundhati Nagar Notified
160 53 Nallapadu Notified
161 53 Svn Colony Non Notified
162 53 Nallapadu Sc Colony Notified
163 54 Pedapalakaluru Non Notified
164 54 Swarnadhra Nagar Non Notified
165 54 Janmabhoomi Nagar Non Notified
166 55 Ankireddy Palem Non Notified
167 56 Adavitakkellapadu Non Notified
168 56 Idwa Nagar Non Notified
169 56 Sundraiah Nagar Non Notified
170 56 Rajiv Gruhakalpa Non Notified
171 57 Gorantla Non Notified


No.
172 57 Malapalli Non Notified
173 57 Madigapalli Non Notified
174 57 Nagaralu Non Notified
175 57 Gorantla Part Non Notified
176 58 Pottur Non Notified
177 59 Cowdavaram Non Notified
178 60 Etukuru Non Notified
179 60 Bonthapadu Non Notified
180 61 Budampadu Non Notified

APPENDIX 4.1: FINDINGS OF HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
Summary of Household Survey Responses
The respondents were asked a range of questions on the condition of water supply, sanitation/sewerage,
solid waste management, drainage of sullage and storm water and regarding complaints redressal
system of GMC. The responses are summarised in the paragraphs that follow.
Profile of respondents
The households surveyed comprise about 54.6% of the slum respondents and 45.4% of the non-slum
respondents. The occupational profile of the respondents majorly includes people pursuing service (both
Govt. and Private Service) followed by businesses and others (labours, rickshaw pullers, driver etc.). A
small 4% belong to the retired personnel’s. The household income of the surveyed respondents varies
from as low as Rs. 1000 to Rs. 9 lakhs per month. About 21% of the households have indicated monthly
income less than Rs. 5000, 15% in the range of Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 15,000, 16% have indicated their
monthly income in the range of Rs. 16,000 to Rs. 25,000 and the rest above Rs. 50,000.
About 57% of the respondents have formal education from Class V and above, going up to postgraduate
including professional degrees. Among these, about 38% of the respondents are educated up to Class
XII, 11% have studied up to graduate level. Thus it can be construed that a large majority of the
respondents would have fair understanding of issues related to environmental sanitation that affect their
quality of life.
Exhibit 1: Education Status & Household Income
Access to water supply

Water supply in the city is supplied by GMC, however people also have their own arrangements in the
form of hand pumps, bore wells etc. During the survey it was observed that about 61% of the HHs have
individual water connections (provided by GMC), 21% depend upon stand posts and hand pumps while a
small 3% depend upon other sources namely ponds, tankers etc . As regards quantity of water, 45%
households reported adequacy of the supply, 55% stated shortage of water supply (1 to 2 hours/day) in
their area. The quality of water reflects fairly reliable supply of water throughout the city except in slums
and low income pockets (located in the low lying areas ) where due to infiltration of waste water, the water
supplied poses high risk of contamination, thus increasing the susceptibility of a large population towards
acute water borne diseases.
Page |A12
Exhibit 2 : Sources of Water Supply
Exhibit 3: Access to Water Supply & Sanitation
Water Supply to Households Sanitation Status
Access to sanitation
It is noted that 99% respondents have some form of individual household toilet which mainly includes
water-sealed flush/pour flush toilet (water closet). Further break up is presented in Table 1. It is noted that
about 74% households have water-sealed toilets, 20% have pour flush pit latrines. While the water-sealed
toilets involves slightly higher cost of construction but offers significantly improved aesthetics and user
satisfaction; the pit latrines are characterized by poor aesthetics and the problem of odour and flies.
Evidently, unimproved pit latrine/dry pit latrine is adopted by socially and economically poor households
who are residing in small slum like pockets in several wards.
It is to be noted that about 23% of the water closets are connected to septic tank with soak pit while 71%
of the septic tanks are without any soak pits and are connected to the public drains. A small 5% of the
water closets are connected to the sewer system.
According to the field survey, the city partially have sewerage network and partially depends on septic
tanks system. GMC does not have any established system for septage treatment and disposal. The
Page |A13
septage cleaning services in the city is managed together by the private service providers through
telephonic request and on payment of prescribed fees. The service is provided on a first come first serve
basis on the payment of appropriate user charges. The cost of emptying septic tank varies from Rs. 400-
3000 in case of private providers. The entire process of cleaning of septic tank and emptying the septage
at the disposal site is completed within two to three hours depending upon the travel time from the place
of disposal. Normally, two persons are required to carry out the cleaning job, a driver and a labour.
Table 1: Availability of Household Toilet Facility
Total
Septic tank
Type of toilet Connected to
without soak pit Sewer Remarks
platform drain No. %
with soak pit flowing into public
drain
Unimproved pit
Individual
latrine (without 3 3 1.44
HH
water seal)
Water Closet 47 147 11 205 98.56
Total 3 47 147 11 208 100.00
% 1.44 22.60 70.67 5.29 100.00
Source: Primary Survey, 2016
Exhibit 4 : Households not having Access to Toilet Facilities
It is pertinent to note that, rarely the sanitary workers involved in cleaning of septic tanks are provided
with safety gears (i.e. gum boots, gloves, masks, etc.). Also, workers involved in cleaning of septage are
not provided any type of training on safe handling of the septage and undergo any routine medical check-
ups. Although cleaning of septage does not involve any physical contact, nonetheless, there is a risk of
exposure to it and thereby likelihood of threat to the community. It is also important to mention here that in
the absence of any sewage treatment plant (or any septage treatment facility), the septage hauled from
the septic tanks across the city is emptied in open farm lands at the outskirts of the city and sometimes is
also bought by the local farmers to use it as manure for their crops.
It may be noted that there is no regular monitoring and fine charged by GMC for discharging into open
drains. Few households revealed that though they are aware of the ill effects of unsafe disposal of black
water into public drain but either due to lack of space or in some cases landlords or neighbours object
construction of soak pits.
As regards to disposal of sullage/ grey water, distribution of household according to the method is
presented in the Table 2. It is noted that 64% of the households dispose it off into open storm water
drains which run along roads while 11 % discharge into water bodies (river/pond). In either case the
waste discharge pollutes the river and other water bodies.
Page |A14
Table 2 : Disposal of Grey Water/Sullage
Households
Location of Grey Water Disposal
No. %
Discharged to river/pond/nalas 11%

30
Directly to public drain 64%
180
No response 25%
70
Total 280 100%
Perception on municipal solid waste management services

Responses on disposal of waste management are summarized in Table 3. About 70% of the respondents
have reported door to door waste collection across all the wards of the city. About 4% of the households
dispose their waste in public drains due to irregular or non-collection of waste by GMC staff and lack of
adequate community disposal bins. Household waste is also disposed in roadside bin, designated open
waste collection spot and open land. In fact, several road junctions and corner locations of the roads in
the city have become waste disposal spots.
Table 3 : Disposal of Solid Waste
Household
Method of disposal No. %
No response 11 3.93
Disposed in roadside bin 40 14.29
Disposed at designated open waste collection spot
24 8.57
Disposed in drain 10 3.57
Door to door collection 195 69.64
Total 280 100.00
Exhibit 5 : Waste Disposal Spots
Places of disposal in Neighbourhood

About 57% of the respondents informed that there is daily collection of garbage by GMC in their area. The
waste collection fee is paid annually as a part of the house tax. About 50% of the households reported
that the quality of services provided is satisfactory while about 23% found the services to be average. The
door to door waste collection is operational in all the wards of the city but the segregation of the wastes at
Page |A15
the source is absent. According to the 57% of the respondents, the waste is collected almost daily once
through the waste collection vehicle.
Table 4: Frequency of Waste Collection
Household response
Frequency of collection
No. %
Daily Twice 10 3.57
Daily Once 159 56.79
Once in 2 Days 52 18.57
Once in 3 Days 7 2.50
3 days & above 24 8.57
Not Known 28 10.00
Total 280 100.00
Table 5: Satisfaction Level with the Services
Household respondent
Satisfaction level with the services
No. %
Very Good 21 7.50
Satisfied 120 42.86
Average 64 22.86
Bad 10 3.57
No Perception 65 23.21
Total 280 100.00
Frequency of waste collection

As per the responses from the communities/ households it is noted that frequency of waste collection
either from the doorstep or from the designated community waste depots varies hugely. About 61% of the
households reported daily service either once or twice (4% of the HHs), 22% reported waste collection
service once in 2-3 days while a small 9% informed that the wastes from their area is collected once in 4-
5 days, which is why there is a rampant practise of disposing wastes randomly on the streets or into the
drains or nallas. In some pockets wastes from the community bin is not collected daily which has led to
odour and stray animals nuisance in the vicinity. The rest did not provide any response.
Perceptions and concerns on facilities for drainage of storm water
There exist huge drainage problems across the city due to lack of regular cleaning and incessant
dumping of solid wastes into these drains. Out of the total households surveyed a majority reported
irregular cleaning of drains in their area. About 43% of the total respondents reported that their area gets
flooded only during the monsoons when the storm water drains in their locality overflows. The overflow is
mainly due to the lack of cleaning of these drains. Apart from the solid wastes, the deposition of silt in
these drains also lead to the decreased in their flowing capacity .Some of these areas include slum
pockets located in ward 5,26,27,32,41,56,57, etc and are mostly either along the natural drains, in
peripheral areas of the city which are not developed or are low lying areas. Majority of the respondents
reported irregular cleaning of drains in their area. Only 31% reported daily cleaning of drains in their area.
This is attributed to among others, low capacity of existing drains, large scale construction activities
leading to blockage or change of path of natural drains, increased paved areas, dumping of waste into the
drains, etc.
Page |A16
Exhibit 6: Status of Storm Water Drains across GMC
Perceptions regarding complaints /Grievance Redressal system

The complaints regarding all the basic municipal services are addressed to GMC either by submitting
application at Corporation office, through phone/mobile or online through webportal. However, the online
system has not become very popular with the masses. Depending on the nature of a complaint time taken
to resolve varies from a few hours to 2 days. On the whole about 43% of the households are satisfied with
the redressal system while 33% are partially satisfied and the rest 17% are dissatisfied. The remaining 8
% respondents did not respond.
Awareness about CSP
It was noted that none of the surveyed households are aware of the current effort towards preparation of
city sanitation plan. The survey also generated a set of suggestions from the respondents. For instance,
households have suggested provision of individual taps providing good quality of water supply,
individual/community toilets for households not having access to toilets, improving condition of community
toilets, further improvement of doorstep waste collection service, better MSW management system and
its monitoring, provision of community waste depots and proper handling (covering) of waste while
transporting from one point to another, regular cleaning of drains. Other suggestions comprise provision
of sewerage system, connecting household toilets to the sewerage system, providing hundred percent
individual water connections, capacity augmentation for quick discharge of storm water to reduce
occurrence of localised flooding.
Page |A17

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Guntur Municipal Corporation

Situation Analysis Report – Guntur

HaskoningDHV Consulting Private Limited

Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | I

3. Water and Sanitation Services and Assessment of Environmental Sanitation............................................... 03-1

Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | II

5. Assessment of Institutional Arrangements - Water & Sanitation Services...................................................... 05-1

Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | III

CAA Constitutional Amendment Act

CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate

CBO Community Based Organization

CBUD Capacity Building for Urban Development

CDP City Development Plan

CMO Chief Medical Officer

CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation

CSP City Sanitation Plan

CSTF City Sanitation Task Force

DCMO Deputy Chief Medical Officer

DPR Detailed Project Report

GIS Geographical Information System

GMC Guntur Municipal Corporation

GoI Government of India

HDC HaskoningDHV Consulting India Private Limited

IHTs Individual Household Toilets

JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

M&E Monitoring & Evaluation

MIS Management Information System

MLD Million Litres per Day

MoUD Ministry of Urban Development

NGO Non-Government Organization

NUSP National Urban Sanitation Policy

Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | iv

O&M Operations & Maintenance

ODP Outline Development Plan

PHED Public Health Engineering Department

PPP Public Private Partnership

RWA Residents Welfare Association

SHG Self Help Group

SLF Sanitary Landfill

STP Sewage Treatment Plant

SWM Solid Waste Management

TPD Tonnes per Day

ULB Urban Local Body

VGTM Vijayawada Guntur Tenali and Mangalgiri

Watsan Water & Sanitation

Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | v

1.1 Structure of the Report

Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | 01-1

2.2 Historical Background

Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | 02- 1

Table 2.1: Historical Timeline for Guntur

Map of Andhra Pradesh Guntur District Map

Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | 02- 2

City Map of Guntur

Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | 02- 3

2.3.1 Regional Importance

Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | 02- 4

As per Köppen-Geiger climate

2.4.2 Humidity & W ind Direction:

Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | 02- 5

2.4.3 GroundW ater Status

Situation Analysis Report – Guntur Page | 02- 6

Source: 2013 Ground Water Brouchure of Guntur District by CGWB

2.4.4 Soil Characteristics