PROJECT REPORT ON

ANDROID

A Project Submitted to
University of Mumbai for partial completion of the degree of
Bachelor of Management Studies
Under the Faculty of Commerce

By
ARSIWALA BURHANUDDIN SHABBIR

Under the Guidance of

Name of the teacher ( )
BURHANI COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND ARTS
Mazgaon, Nesbit Road, Opposite St. Mary’s High School, Mumbai- 400010
MUMBAI UNIVERSITY
2019-2020
 PROJECT REPORT ON
ANDROID

A Project Submitted to
University of Mumbai for partial completion of the degree of
Bachelor of Management Studies
Under the Faculty of Commerce

By
ARSIWALA BURHANUDDIN SHABBIR

Under the Guidance of

Name of the teacher ( )
BURHANI COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND ARTS
Mazgaon, Nesbit Road, Opposite St. Mary’s High School, Mumbai- 400010
MUMBAI UNIVERSITY
2019-2020
 BURHANI COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND ARTS
Mazgaon, Nesbit Road, Opposite St. Mary’s High School, Mumbai- 400010

This is to Certify that

ARSIWALA BURHANUDDIN SHABBIR

Of the Final year degree course in BMS have completed the specified project
report on
“ANDROID”

As a fulfillment of the project work in a satisfactory manner as per the rules of the
Curriculum laid down by the University of Mumbai, during the Academic Semester
Jan 2019 – Apr 2020
INTERNAL GUIDE EXTERNAL GUIDE

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

PRINCIPAL HOD
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the following student have successfully completed his project
work during 2019-2020 titled as “ ANDROID ” in satisfactory manner under our
guidance and supervision.

ARSIWALA BURHANUDDIN SHABBIR

Your’s Sincerely,

Mr. Somebody
(Branch Manager)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

To list who all have helped me is difficult because they are so numerous and the depth is so
enormous.
I would like to acknowledge the following as being idealistic channels and fresh dimensions in
the completion of this project.
I take this opportunity to thank the University of Mumbai for giving me chance to do this
project.

I would like to thank my Principal, , for providing the necessary

facilities required for completion of this project.

I take this opportunity to thank our Coordinator , for her moral

support and guidance.

I would also like to express my sincere gratitude towards my project guide

Whose guidance and care made the project successful.

I would like to thank my College Library, for having provided various reference books and
magazines related to my project.
Lastly, I would like to thank each and every person who directly or indirectly helped me in the
completion of the project especially my Parents and Peers who supported me throughout my
project.
 INDEX

SR CHAPTERS TOPIC PAGE

NO NO
1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction to Android

1.2 History of Android
1.3 Characteristics of Android

2 CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1 Objectives of Android

2.2 Hypothesis of Android
2.3 Scope of Android
2.4 Limitations of Android
2.5 Significance of Andoid
2.6 Problem Selection on Android
2.7 Sample Size
2.8 Data Collection
2.9 Tabulation of Data
2.10 techniques and Tools used

3 CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1 Information on respected issue

Undertaken
3.2 Is the study undertaken relevant
and contributes for value
Addition which helps further
study of same issue

4 CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION

AND PRESENTATION

4.1 Core of the study

4.2 Table of information
4.3 Presesntation of Graphs

5 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Project work

 5.2 Findings of work, Suggestions
enlisted

6 CHAPTER 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY

7 CHAPTER 7 APPENDIX
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
A Smartphone operating system is the Operating System that operates a Smartphone, tablet,
PDA, or other digital mobile device. Modern mobile operating systems combine the features of a
personal computer operating system with other features, including a touch screen, cellular,
Bluetooth, WiFi, GPS mobile navigation, camera, video camera, speech recognition, voice
recorder, music player, near field communication and Infrared Blaster.
The Smartphone operating system (OS) movement has grown to include competitors such as
Google, Microsoft, Apple, Symbian, and Palm. Although these operating system platforms have
come a long way since their inception, none of these companies provide an OS that is ideal for all
users. They claim that their platforms perform the best in all endeavors and will certainly not
advertise any weakness with their systems.
This makes it difficult for end users to know which platform is best suited for their need. In
this paper, we perform a comprehensive analysis of each mobile operating system in order to
identify the strengths of Android Operating System over other Smartphone operating systems.
Android is an open source and Linux-based Operating system for mobile devices such as
smartphones and tablet computers. Android was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led
by Google and other companies
Android offers a unified approach to application development for mobile devices, which means
developers need only develop for android, and their applications should be able to run on
different devices powered by android.
The first beta version of the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) was released by google
in 2007 where as the first commercial version, Android 1.0 was released in September 2008.
As smart phones and tablets become more popular, the operating systems for those devices
become more important. Android is such an operating system for low powered devices that run
on battery and are full of hardware like Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers,
cameras, light and orientation sensors, Wi-Fi and UMTS (3G telephony) connectivity and a
touch screen.
Like all operating systems, Android enables applications to make use of the hardware
features through abstraction and provide a defined environment for applications. Unlike on
other mobile operating systems like Apple’s iOS, Palm’s webOS or Symbian, Android
applications are written in Java and run in virtual machines.
For this purpose Android features the Dalvik virtual machine which executes its own byte
code. Dalvik is a core component, as all Android user applications and the application
framework are written in Java and executed by Dalvik. Like on other platforms, applications
for Android can be obtained from a central place called Android Market.
The platform was created by Android Inc. which was bought by Google and released as
the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) in 2007. A group of 78 different companies
formed the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) that is dedicated to develop and distribute Android.
The software can be freely obtained from a central repository and modified in terms of the
license which is mostly BSD and Apache.
The development of Android takes place quickly, as a new major release happens every few
months. This leads to a situation where information about the platform becomes obsolete
very quickly and sources like books and articles can hardly keep up with the development.
Sources that keep up with the pace are foremost the extensive SDK documentation,
documentation in and the source code itself as well as blogs .

Open Source

Large Developer and Community Reach

Increased Marketing

ANDROID
Inter App Integration

Reduced Cost of Development

Higher Success Ratio

Rich Development
Environment

HISTORY OF ANDROID
Android Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner,
Nick Sears, and Chris White. Rubin described the Android project as “tremendous potential in
developing smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and
preferences”. The early intentions of the company were to develop an advanced operating system
for digital cameras, and this was the basis of its pitch to investors in April 2004. The company then
decided that the market for cameras was not large enough for its goals, and by five months later it
had diverted its efforts and was pitching Android as a handset operating system that would
rival Symbian and Microsoft Windows Mobile.
In July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc. for at least $50 million. Its key employees, including
Rubin, Miner and White, joined Google as part of the acquisition. Not much was known about the
secretive Android at the time, with the company having provided few details other than that it was
making software for mobile phones. At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device
platform powered by the Linux kernel. Google marketed the platform to handset
makers and carriers on the promise of providing a flexible, upgradeable system. Google had "lined
up a series of hardware components and software partners and signaled to carriers that it was open
to various degrees of cooperation".
Speculation about Google's intention to enter the mobile communications market continued to
build through December 2006. An early prototype had a close resemblance to a BlackBerry phone,
with no touchscreen and a physical QWERTY keyboard, but the arrival of
2007's Apple iPhone meant that Android "had to go back to the drawing board". Google later
changed its Android specification documents to state that "Touchscreens will be supported",
although "the Product was designed with the presence of discrete physical buttons as an
assumption, therefore a touchscreen cannot completely replace physical buttons". By 2008,
both Nokia and BlackBerry announced touch-based smartphones to rival the iPhone 3G, and
Android's focus eventually switched to just touchscreens. The first commercially available
smartphone running Android was the HTC Dream, also known as T-Mobile G1, announced on
September 23, 2008.
On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of technology companies
including Google, device manufacturers such as HTC, Motorola and Samsung, wireless carriers
such as Sprint and T-Mobile, and chipset makers such as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments,
unveiled itself, with a goal to develop "the first truly open and comprehensive platform for mobile
devices". Within a year, the Open Handset Alliance faced two other open source competitors,
the Symbian Foundation and the LiMo Foundation, the latter also developing a Linux-based
mobile operating system like Google. In September 2007, InformationWeek covered an
Evalueserve study reporting that Google had filed several patent applications in the area of mobile
telephony.
Since 2008, Android has seen numerous updates which have incrementally improved the
operating system, adding new features and fixing bugs in previous releases. Each major release is
named in alphabetical order after a dessert or sugary treat, with the first few Android versions being
called "Cupcake", "Donut", "Eclair", and "Froyo", in that order. During its announcement
of Android KitKat in 2013, Google explained that "Since these devices make our lives so sweet,
each Android version is named after a dessert.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ANDROID
1. Messaging
SMS and MMS are available forms of messaging, including threaded text
messaging and Android Cloud To Device Messaging (C2DM) and now enhanced version
of C2DM, Android Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is also a part of Android Push
Messaging services. Android phones also have the ability to send and receive RCS via the
messages app (if supported by the carrier).

2. Auto Correction and Dictionary

Android Operating System has an interesting feature called Auto Correction. When any
word is misspelled, then Android recommends the meaningful and correct words
matching the words that are available in Dictionary. Users can add, edit and remove
words from Dictionary as per their wish.

3. Web browser
The web browser available in Android is based on the open
source Blink (previously WebKit) layout engine, coupled with Chromium's V8 JavaScript
engine. Then the WebKit-using Android Browser scored 100/100 on the Acid3 test on
Android 4.0 ICS; the Blink-based browser currently has better standards support. The old
web browser is variably known as 'Android Browser', 'AOSP browser', 'stock browser',
'native browser', and 'default browser' (from the time it was always the default). Starting
 with Android 4.4 KitKat, Google has begun licensing Google Chrome (a proprietary
software) separately from Android, but usually bundled with (what most device vendors
did). Since Android 5.0 Lollipop, the WebView browser that apps can use to display web
content without leaving the app has been separated from the rest of the Android firmware
in order to facilitate separate security updates by Google.

4. Voice-based features
Google search through voice has been available since initial release. Voice actions for
calling, texting, navigation, etc. are supported on Android 2.2 onwards. As of Android
4.1, Google has expanded Voice Actions with ability to talk back and read answers from
Google's Knowledge Graph when queried with specific commands. The ability to control
hardware has not yet been implemented.

5. Multi-touch
Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in
handsets such as the HTC Hero. The feature was originally disabled at the kernel level
(possibly to avoid infringing Apple's patents on touch-screen technology at the time).
Google has since released an update for the Nexus One and the Motorola Droid which
enables multi-touch natively.

6. Multitasking
Multitasking of applications, with unique handling of memory allocation, is available.

7. Screen capture
Android supports capturing a screenshot by pressing the power and home-screen
buttons at the same time. Prior to Android 4.0, the only methods of capturing a screenshot
were through manufacturer and third-party customizations (apps), or otherwise by using a
PC connection (DDMS developer's tool). These alternative methods are still available
with the latest Android.

8. TV recording
Android TV supports capturing video and replaying it.

9. Video calling
Android does not support native video calling, but some handsets have a customized
version of the operating system that supports it, either via the UMTS network (like
the Samsung Galaxy S) or over IP. Video calling through Google Talk is available in
Android 2.3.4 (Gingerbread) and later. Gingerbread allows Nexus S to place Internet calls
with a SIP account. This allows for enhanced VoIP dialing to other SIP accounts and even
phone numbers. Skype 2.1 offers video calling in Android 2.3, including front camera
support. Users with the Google+ Android app can perform video chat with other Google+
users through Hangouts.

10. Multiple language support

Android supports multiple languages.
 CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
OBJECTIVES OF ANDROID
1) Near Field Communication (NFC)
Most Android devices support NFC, which allows electronic devices to easily interact across
short distances. The main aim here is to create a payment option that is simpler than carrying credit
cards or cash, and while the market hasn’t exploded as many experts had predicted, there may be
an alternative in the works, in the form of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).

2) Alternate Keyboards
Android supports multiple keyboards and makes them easy to install; the SwiftKey, Skype, and
8pen apps all offer ways to quickly change up your keyboard style. Other mobile operating systems
either don’t permit extra keyboards at all, or the process to install and use them are tedious and
time-consuming.

3) Infrared Transmission
The Android operating system supports a built-in infrared transmitter, allowing you to use your
phone or tablet as a remote control.

4) No-Touch Control
Using Android apps such as Wave Control, users can control their phones touch-free, using only
gestures. Have messy hands but need to turn off your screen or change a song? Simple. This could
prove especially useful if you’re driving, so you can keep both eyes on the road.

5) Automation
The Tasker app lets you not only control app permissions but also automate them. Do you only
want your location services to be active during the day? Want to create a customized way to start
your music—for example, with a voice command and at a certain volume? Tasker can help.

6) Wireless App Downloads

Accessing app stores on any mobile device can be frustrating, but iOS makes it a little more
difficult—download an app on your computer, and it won’t sync to your mobile device until you
plug in and access iTunes. Using the Android Market or third-party options like AppBrain,
meanwhile, let you download apps on your PC and then automatically sync them your Droid, no
plugging required.

7) Storage and Battery Swap

Android phones also have unique hardware capabilities. Google’s OS makes it possible to
remove and upgrade your battery or to replace one that no longer holds a charge. In addition,
Android phones come with SD card slots for expandable storage.

8) Custom Home Screens

While it’s possible to hack certain phones to customize the home screen, Android comes with
this capability from the get-go. Download a third-party launcher like Nova, Apex or Slide and you
can add gestures, new shortcuts, or even performance enhancements for older-model devices.
9) Widgets
Apps are versatile, but sometimes you want information at a glance instead of having to open an
app and wait for it to load. Android widgets let you display just about any feature you choose, right
on the home screen—including weather apps, music widgets, or productivity tools that helpfully
remind you of upcoming meetings or approaching deadlines.

10) Custom ROMs

This is a big one. Because the Android operating system is open source, developers can tweak
the current OS and build their own versions, which users can download and install in place of the
stock OS. Some are filled with features, while others change the look and feel of a device. Chances
are if there’s a feature you want, someone has already built a custom ROM for it.

HYPOTHESIS
To carry out my research it was essential for us to know the usage patter of application stores
available in iOS and android and which store does the consumer feels comfortable using
Thus the hypothesis set is
H0 - Android applications are easier to use than iPhone
H1 - Android applications are not easy to use than iPhone

 The research was carried out from two points of views

 Customer point of view

Retailers point of viewThe research required studying both primary as well as secondary data.
For the primary data target audience wasof Delhi and NCR and the study employed structured
interviews with a sample size of 200 for the consumers of Androidand iOS while from retailers
point of view an informal and unstructured questionnaire was prepared so as to study thefactors
which influence the consumers at the point of purchase which further helped us in developing the
structured questionnaire.
The research design required both exploratory and descriptive research. The exploratory
research was carried outwith the help of an informal questionnaire where in few retailers of Android
and iOS were interviewed and factors affecting the consumers purchase decisions were accessed
and hence data was extracted for preparing a structuredquestionnaire. Descriptive research was
carried out with the help of a well-structured questionnaire in order to check the consumer
preferences and purchase decisions towards Android and iPhone.

TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS
 The tool used for the Hypothesis analysis was paired T test and the Factors on the basis of which
the hypothesis was tested were

 Usability
 Variety available
 File size
 Number of Free applications available
 How many times do you download the suggestive applications?
According to Paired T-test, if significant value is greater than .05 then no statistically significant
difference between your two conditions. While if significant value is less than .05 there is a
statistically significant difference between your two conditions.
According to pair t test at confidence level 95% null hypothesis is accepted when p value in more
than .05.
In this case for the various pairs the values derived are
 Usability - .874
 Variety Available - .074
 Application size- .320
 Number of free applications - .620
 Number of useful application - .000
Thus according to the values derived it was seen that the Null Hypothesis was accepted. That is
Android applications are easier to use than Apple IOS

Paired Sample Test

Paired Differences

95% confidence interval

difference

Mean Std. Std. error Lower Upper T df Sig.

deviation Mean 2-
tailed

Pair1 Usability .029 1.847 .180 .386 .329 .158 104 .874
android-usability
ios

Pair2 Android (variety .286 1.621 .158 .028 .600 1.806 104 .074
available) –
ios(variety
available)

Pair3 Android(app .124 1.269 .124 .369 .122 1.000 104 .320
size) – ios(app
size)

Pair4 Android(no of .067 1.375 .134 .333 .199 .497 104 .620
free app
available) –
ios(no of free app
available)

Pair5 Android(no of .714 1.621 .158 1.028 .400 4.514 104 .000
useful apps for
you) – ios(no of
useful apps for
you)
FINDINGS
The other key findings to achieve the objectives were

 According to the respondent maximum of the users are highly satisfied with the touch
screen quality and featureswhich apple iOS provides to its users while on the other hand
Android users also like the touch screen quality andthe features but not that as much as of
Apple iOS users

 On comparing the above two data it is seen that Apple iOS has more number of useful
free applications thanAndroid but Android has better categorization of applications and
better user interface than Apple iOS.

 For judging the consumer perception towards the two operating giants Apple user prefer
iOS because of the user friendly criteria followed by prestige and brand name and since
they are using iOS they feel comfortable with itthus when compared to Google Android
60% users opted for Apple iOS only.

 Consumer perception towards Google Android is mainly towards the user friendly
approach and value for money.The user don’t feel that it’s a prestige value when they use
Android based cell phones. Thus when Android wascompared to Apple iOS and Android
user were asked as to which operating system they would prefer, preferencewas given to
Apple iOS but a difference of only 2% was there.

 Before using Apple iOS maximum users used Nokia Symbian operating system which
due to its obsoleteoperating system and lack of features made it lose its market share.
Thus while purchasing an Apple iOS it is theoperating system and the features which are
taken it utmost priority.

 Maximum Android users before switching over to Android based phones used Nokia cell
phone followed by fewBlackberry cell phone users. The reason for the shift is seen in the
purchasing decision where in due to lack of features and a user friendly operating system
they wanted to go in for Android based cell phones.

 For Apple iOS users, numbers of useful applications are more due to which the
percentage of weeklydownloadable applications are more. The users mainly download
applications once in a week.

SCOPE

 Good script - The game covers of the existing “POU APP” app and this shall
allow to be converted to potchi with a different story line script is jumping to attain the
targets.
  Scoring features - This allows to view the score of the hits of the character and a level per
level data in a way that it is being target by the character as theytargeted the object.
 Game category selections - This allows the user to choose and view the gamehow is it
being done and play by the users/ gamers.

 Appearance / Lifestyle and fashion = this will allows the user to change the outfitof the
character daily or even from to time.

 Level up game features - The game covers a level by level game features thatallows the
gamers to get challenge from it.

 And exciting PET app features - This features the exciting pet caring softwarethat allows
them, and requires the user to take care, feed the pet in order to getthe food and targets for
playing.

LIMITATIONS OF ANDROID

 Connected to the Internet: Android can be said is in need of an active internet connection.
At least there should be a GPRS internet connection in your area, so that the device is
ready to go online to suit our needs.

 Sometimes slow device company issued an official version of Android your own.

 Android Market is less control of the manager, sometimes there are malware.

 As direct service providers, users sometimes have very difficulty to connect with the
Google.

 Sometimes there are ads, because it is easy and free, sometimes often a lot of advertising.
In appearance it does not interfere with the performance of the application itself, as it
sometimes is in the top or bottom of the application.

 Wasteful Batteries, This is because the OS is a lot of "process" in the background causing
the battery quickly drains.

 The system cannot be implemented in pc based system.

 It is software created only for touch screen pads, or touchscreen phones.

 This is not compatible except for android phones and smart phones.
SIGNIFICANCE OF ANDROID
The proponents aim to develop the potchi apps to provide enjoyable application software available in the most
android phone system and android system. This shall aim to be able to give user application software that would
remind the user of the most significant terms and history of the Philippines.
The proposed system will be most significant to the following:
Common users
 This shall be able to address the enjoyment of the user by playing the androidgame potchi Apps
AMA University
 This shall serve as the reference of the students in terms of developing acomputer system application
program using android system.
Proponents
 This is very helpful to the proponents, allows giving deep knowledge aboutresearch, and about the overall
functionality of the program which is thepotchiapps
Future Researchers
 This shall address as the references of other upcoming program developer of theandroid system
implemented software.