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15 Oct 90
)
1 O'
ED
~ .......
'' ......
''
'l:
(!)
2
"
lei
D
3
1. 4596 KSF
SE a = 44. 302°
)
R
PE
SU
) 2-7
ETL 1110-2 - 322
15 Oct 90
EXAMPLE 4
12. The lateral earth pressures for the driving side will be computed by the
simplified pressure coefficient method for the problem shown in the figure
below.
ED
20' 22'
V = - 1/2X0.12X20X8 4' 18'
-= - 9.GK
-----,-,- -- - - - -
· Y= 0.
'II co
'Y. - 0.125
<p • 35° K
IJ... •SMF = 2/3 13 .43'
D
O co ¢d .. TAN . 1 (2/3 TAN¢ ..
t- C') 6 = 0 :·. ·· · · ·
J:: II c = 0 :::-,: .· .
(!) lJJ Yw = 0 .0625 KCF ,:.:: -~ ·-
~ ffi - - ~ - -- A ?:.-_'. .·
i~ :.
SE [i·. 1
::1.:·•
~ - -.. - -"·~·~;-~--""'-'~·llil·....
i::_,:::..,.·.
:-'.....
· ·._.:..:::...·
·.::__.:.:,...
:.:.... <.:.·:'.._.,_""T-___~.......
'-...._FOUNDATION:
R
13. The water pressures are calculated using the line of creep method.
16 + 22 + 6 = 44 ft
. . 10 ft
S eepage gra d ient 1 = ft 0.2273
44
14. The buoyant unit weights of the soil may now be calculated.
2-8
ETL 1110-2 - 322
15 Oct 90
ED
'YbL 'Ys - 'Ywe 0.125 - 0.0483 0.0767 kcf
D
'YbR 'Ys - 'Y we 0.125 - 0.0767 0.0483 kcf
1
V - (0.12)(20)(8) = - 9.6 kips
2
A tan efia -
-yh2
0 . 610454
2-9
)
ETL 1110-2-322
15 Oct 90
2 tan 2 <pd
A
ED
2 tan 2 25°
0 . 610454
0.712398
tan <pd
Cz
A
D
tan 25°
0.610454
0.763871
0. 39927
SU
16. The earth pressures may now be calculated for the points shown in the
figure on the following page.
2 - 10
ETL 1110-2-322
15 Oct 90
ED
\\ 0
C\I \ \
C\I
C\J (0
C\J
C\I C\I
C\I C\I \\
0
C\I \\ """
D
co
C')
\\
.
""" PEE "' 27 . 398 KIPS
Pvt • 0.12(20.222)
....(0
P v :1
- 2.4266 KSF
P v2 • 0.12(22) + 0 .767(4)
~ 2.9468 KSF
SE
• 0.12(22) + 0.0767(16)
• 3 .8672 KSF
"" Kpv3
)
R
PE
SU
) 2-11
ETL 1110-2-322
15 Oct 90
1. Effective Horizontal Earth Force. Given the following driving wedge which
ED
possesses both a c and a ~ , an equation for PEE , the horizontal effec-
tive earth force, will be derived.
D
SE
)
R
PE
N' 0 (1)
Enclosure 3 3-1
ETL 1110-2-322
15 Oct 90
ED
Solving for T yields,
T (2)
D
T N' tan <P + cL (3)
Pn: -
sin a tan¢+ sin a tan 6 + cos a - cos a tan 6 tan¢
(4)
Utan¢ cL
cos a cos a
PEE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1 + tan a tan¢+ tan 6 (tan a - tan¢)
SU
The total effective earth force acts at an angle 5 with respect to the
horizontal. The total effective earth force is defined as
PEE
p
cos 5
3-2
ETL 1110- 2- 322
) 15 Oct 90
2. Soil Parameters . The horizontal effective earth force for a particular
SMF can be calculated by inserting the factored soil parameters ~d and ca
into Equation 5. This yields,
ED
. Utan ¢d
(W + V)(tan a - tan ¢d) + (HL - HR - Pw)Cl + tan a tan ¢d) + - - - -
cos a cos a
(5)
1 + tan a tan ¢d + tan o (tan a - tan ¢d)
D
SE
)
R
PE
SU
) 3-3
ETL 1110-2-322
) 15 Oct 90
ED
1 . The following examples demonstrate the method of computing earth pressures
using the simplified pressure coefficient method described in paragraph Sc of
this ETL. The effect of wall friction is taken into account. The equations
for the critical slip plane angle and the pressure coefficients are defined in
paragraphs 6c and 6d.
2 . Ex ample 1 is taken from EM 1110 -2- 2502, Example 2, page M-5. Example 2 in
this enclosure is the same as example 4 in Enclosure 2 with the addition of
D
wall friction.
SE
)
R
PE
SU
EXAMPLE 1
3 . The earth pressures will be calculated for the soil geometry and proper-
ties given in the figure below. The earth pressure coefficients will be com-
puted using pressure coefficients and compared against Coulomb's equation.
ED
The effects of wall friction will be taken into account in this example.
Since the value of wall friction is affected by a number of factors, as
described in paragraph 6a of this ETL, the value assigned to the wall friction
was selected to demonstrate the mechanics of the procedure. Recommended
values of wall friction will be addressed in subsequent engineering guidance.
STRUCTURAL
.
D
,:Q_
C:
tS ~
C:
~
~
C:
"',,:
-C:
'
tS
SE
'Y=0.120KSF
cf> = 30 °
C a 0
.
(>:)
Ii
SMF 2/3
N
,~ d 21 o
tanp = 0.25
6=10.5°
R
B
0.5510
4-2
ETL 1110-2-322
) 15 Oct 90
1 1
PEE = K0 -Yh 2 = ( 0 . 5 510 ) ( 0 . 12 ) ( 20 ) 2 13. 224 kips/ft
2 2
ED
The vertical shear force is equal to
5. The pressures and forces will now be computed using the simplified
coefficient method. The critical slip plane angle is calculated using
Equations 4 through 7 of this ETL as shown below.
D
A= tan ¢d + tan 5 = tan 21° + tan 10.5° 0.569203
0.122480
PE
1 - tan ¢d cot a
K
SU
0 . 3985
4-3
)
ETL 1110-2 - 322
15 Oct 90
tan a
K •
tan a - tang
ED
tan 42.092° - tan 14°
0.5510
D
(0.5510)(0.12)(20) 2 = 13.224 kips/ft
2
0.12
w 36.7357 kips/ft
2(tan a - tang) 2(tan 42.092° - tan 14°)
R
W(tan a - tan ~d)
1 + tan a tan ~d + tan o (tan a - tan ~d)
1 + tan 42.092° tan 21° + tan 10.5° (tan 42.092° - tan 21°)
= 13 . 224 kips/ft
calculated . The pressures are calculated for two of the points shown on the
following figure . The pressures can be calculated using the simplified method
as follows:
4-4
ETL 1110-2-322
) 15 Oct 90
ED
.
tl.~
....
~ Zs
.,
In
"'
D
SE 1.3224
KSF
C
Since the pressure diagram is linear down to point C, the value for the
pressure at point B may be calculated by proportions as follows :
) Phc
28
= 1 . 322 (18/20) = 1.190 ksf
Zc
R
PE
SU
4-5
)
ETL 1110-2-322
15 Oct 90
EXAMPLE 2
9. The earth pressures will be calculated for the soil geometry and proper-
ties given in the figure below. The earth pressures will be computed using
ED
the simplified coefficient method. The effects of wall friction will be taken
into account in this example. Since the value of wall friction is affected by
a number of factors, as described in paragraph 6a of this ETL, the value
assigned to the wall friction was selected to demonstrate the mechanics of the
procedure. Recommended values of wall friction will be addressed in subse-
quent engineering guidance.
20' 22'
D
4' 18'
V,; _ 1/2X0. 12X20XB
--------,
· ,, ~ V = -9 . 5K I
Q)
I
CT)
'Y .. o. 1 20 KCF I
-~
Q)
a
II
LU
(!)
LU
CT) (.)
'Ye• 0 . 125 KCF
SMF
rp =
<Pd =
C
=
3 5°
2/3
TAN·1(213 TAN,P)
6 = 12 .50°
= 0
SE 25°
13.43'
LL
----~----":_::
0 'I>
R
17
f- (0
J:
(!)
Gj t,. y'
II)
J: ..r:::
PE
4-6
ETL 1110-2-322
15 Oct 90
)
2V(l + tan 2 ,j,d)
A tan ,j,d + tan 5 -
-yh2
ED
tan 25° + tan 12 . 5° -
2
0.1123(38)
0.832149
D
2 tan 25° (tan 25° + tan 12 . 5°)
0.771067
0 . 832149
Cz
SE
tan ,j,d (1 - tan ,j,d tan 5)
A
0 . 35465
4- 7
ETL 1110-2-322
15 Oct 90
12. The lateral earth pressure distribution may now be calculated. The
pressures are calculated for the points shown on the figure on the following
page. The pressures are calculated as follows:
ED
Pvl 0.12(21.067) = 2 . 5280 ksf
D
Phz Kpvz 0.35465(2.7818) 0.9866 ksf
Pv = PEE tan o
SE
= 24.702 tan 12.5°
20 '
5 . 476 kips
2.5
Q)
R
"'"' ~1
0
C\j
C\J
0)
'<t
Q)
~
i--..
<o
,.-; .,._
"'""'' "'
PE
~
C\J C\J
"""'"'"'
!')
1.849 '
'il
"'"'
ex
ex - - - - - - - - - 0.8966 = Kp.,
~~----------------_.._-..,___J-+.._---- 0. 9866 = KPv2
-------t--- p EE = 24.702K
<o Pvt m 0.12(21 .067) 2.5280 KSF
SU
3
Kpv 3 1.3715KSF
4-8
ETL 1110-2-322
15 Oct 90
The following tables indicate the appropriate SMF value to use in Coulomb's
ED
equation (or the general wedge equation) to compute a K0 that is close to
the value computed from the Danish Code Equation. The last two columns
centain the recommended SMF and the corresponding K0 value calculated using
Coulomb's equation. Note that a row of asterisks denotes the condition
t > ~d ; Coulomb's equation is not valid for this condition.
D
PHI 26 . 00°
l?.
~
15.00
SE
Ka/3
(Danish)
0.7070
Ka
(SMF=l)
0 . 4822
Ka
(SMF=2/3)
0.7086
Recommended
Ka
0.7086
SMF
0.6667
16 . 00 0. 7164 0 . 4920 0 . 7390 0. 7164 0.6865
) 17.00 0 . 7258 0 . 5026 0.7818
0,8895
0.7257 0 . 7070
18.00 0. 7352 0.5143 0. 7351 0. 7296
19.00 0.7445 0. 5273 ****** 0.7444 0.7546
R
20.00 0 . 7537 0.5420 ****** 0.7536 0.7821
21.00 0.7629 0.5589 ****** 0.7628 0.8120
22.00 0. 7720 0.5786 ****** 0. 7719 0.8444
23.00 0. 7811 0.6026 ****** 0.7810 0.8793
PE
Enclosure 5 5-1
)
ETL 1110-2-322
15 Oct 90
PHI 27.00°
Recommended
ED
.l?, Ka/3 Ka Ka
(Danish) (SMF=l) (SMF=2/3) Ka SMF
.D2m
15.00 0.6873 0.4608 0.6805 0.6805 0.6667
16.00 0.6965 0.4696 0.7059 0.6965 0.6756
17.00 0.7056 0.4792 0.7387 0.7056 0.6937
18.00 0.7147 0.4897 0.7874 0.7147 0. 7139
19.00 0. 7238 0.5012 ****** 0. 7237 0.7362
20.00 0. 7328 0.5141 ****** 0. 7327 0.7608
D
21.00 0.7417 0.5286 ****** 0.7416 0.7876
22.00 0.7505 0.5453 ****** 0.7505 0.8168
23.00 0.7594 0.5649 ****** 0.7593 0.8484
24.00 0.7681 0.5887 ****** 0.7681 0.8825
25.00 0. 7768 0 . 6193
SE ****** 0. 7769 0.9190
26.00 0.7854 0,6635 ****** 0.7855 0.9582
PHI 28.00°
Recommended
.l?, Ka/3 Ka Ka
Ka
R
.D2m (Danish) (SMF=l) (SMF=2/3) SMF
5-2