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SECTION
CHAPTER 1
2 spaces
INTRODUCTION
3 spaces
about the topic being studied, such as, highlighting and expanding upon
events that inform why and in what ways the research problem exists, or
things. (Describe here the present condition or scenario to show that there’s
and recent data. Make it sure that you will be able to convince your panel
some data that will justify your study. Just make sure that sources of your
supporting data must properly cited and as much as possible your sources
information or related literatures and recent findings about the topic. It may
not be that long, some of the detailed information may be placed in the
literature review.
dependent variables; this is actually repetition of your title which states the
depends in your topic. The following questions below are just examples of
(This is just a sample; this may be more complex depending on the interplay
of variables and the objectives you want to achieve. A Conceptual
Framework tells us the relationship between our variables specifically the
relationship between IV and DV. Explain the relationship in one paragraph.)
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What is the problem or what is the research all about? (INTRODUCE THE PROBLEM)
Why is it necessary to solve the problem or work?/ Why is the problem/work important?
(IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY)
What were the findings of previous authors who worked on it? (DEVELOP THE
BACKGROUND)
between…
difference between…
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variables should also be -specified here and should be explained when will
be observed or measured. State here also (in general) the materials and
paragraph is all about the scope or the inclusions of the study. The scope
sets the boundaries of your research. You may also include here the
the study. This paragraph is all about the limitations or the exclusions of
the study.
here, you may include here some of the expected results of your study.
You may cite some of the groups or direct beneficiaries from your
study and explain also how your findings would give them some benefits.
EXAMPLE:
Students. _____________________________________________.
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Community. __________________________________________.
Farmers. ______________________________________________.
3 spaces
by topics. There is no limit to the number of cited references but all should
be relevant to the objectives of the research study. Just make sure that
sources of your supporting data must properly cited using the CSE format
and as much as possible your sources should not be older than 5 years
ago.
3 spaces
by topics. There is no limit to the number of cited references but all should
one should be based on the focus of your experiment. For example: focus
Example:
MALUNGAY
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___________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________.
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________________________________________.
BANANA PEELS
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
ALUGBATI
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__________.
YOU NEED TO CITE HERE WHERE DID YOU GET THE INFORMATION
at the end of statement or sentence.) DO NOT paste here the “LINK” of your
sentences or information. Add related studies as many as you can. You may
JOURNAL #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, #6, #7, #8, #9, #10…)
According to
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_____________.
(Author,Year)________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
__.________________________________________________________
____________________________________________.
One should integrate and synthesize all local and foreign related
studies coherently to link the past studies to the current study being
undertaken. Just make sure that sources of your supporting data must
properly cited and as much as possible your sources should not be older
NOTE: The RRL should be more analytical and evaluative in approach, not
merely descriptive/narrative of the findings of other authors.
Sample :
After studying residents and staff from two intermediate care facilities in
Calgary, Alberta, Smith (2000) came to the conclusion that except for the amount of
personal privacy available to residents, the physical environment of these
institutions had minimal if any effect on their perceptions of control (autonomy).
However, French (1998) and Haroon (2000) found that availability of private areas
is not the only aspect of the physical environment that determines residents’
autonomy. Haroon interviewed 115 residents from 32 different nursing homes
known to have different levels of autonomy (2000). It was found that physical
structures, such as standardized furniture, heating that could not be individually
regulated, and no possession of a house key for residents limited their feelings of
independence. Moreover, Hope (2002), who interviewed 225 residents from
various nursing homes, substantiates the claim that characteristics of the
institutional environment such as the extent of resources in the facility, as well as
its location, are features which residents have indicated as being of great
importance to their independence.
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
the different levels/sets of groups under study and your sampling design.
conducted. Explicitly describe also the sampling sites. This portion may
Procedure 1
Explain here how you will be doing this particular step in a way that
your reader can replicate your work by just following this particular part.
acknowledge your source or basis using the CSE format or in-text citation
(Author, Year).
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Procedure 2
Explain here in detail how would go about this particular step of your
methodology.
Procedure 3
Explain here in detail how would go about this particular step of your
For each objective/question, enumerate here all data that you will
gather and how they will be analyzed. This paragraph should contain the
specific statistical tool that you employed in the analysis and interpretation
Allen C, Prior P, Hayward AC. 2005. Bacterial wilt: the disease and the
Ralstonia solanacearum species complex. St. Paul (MN): APS Press 508
p.