Lab 10-Impedance Relay

Power System Protection
( EL- 434)
LABORATORY MANUAL
Fall 2019
LAB 10
Design of a simple Impedance relay and analysis of its
working on MATLAB/SIMULINK
Muhammad Awais
________________________________________ __________ ___

STUDENT NAME ROLL NO SEC DATE
______________________________________
LAB ENGINEER SIGNATURE & DATE
MARKS AWARDED: /10

________________________________________________________________
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER AND EMERGING SCIENCES (NUCES),
ISLAMABAD
Prepared by: Muhammad Awais Version: 1.00

Last Edited by: Muhammad Awais Date: Oct 21, 2019
Verified by: Dr. Muhammad Jafar Date: Oct 21, 2019
Design of a simple Impedance relay and analysis of its working on MATLAB/SIMULINK LAB:10
LAB: 10 Design of a simple Impedance relay and analysis of its working on MATLAB/SIMULINK
Learning Objectives:
1) Design and implementation of a simple impedance relay.

2) Utilization of MATLAB/SIMULINK platform.
3) Generation of tripping signals under abnormal operating conditions.
Overcurrent Relay Disadvantages
Fault current is dependent upon the fault location, fault type and fault impedance. For this purpose the
fault current is not a reliable source for detection and protection of transmission lines. Also elaborated in
Fig. 1 and 2 shown below:
Fig. 1 Reach variation of Over current relay distance from source
Fig. 2 Reach variation of an Over current relay in impedance domain

Power system Protection using Under and NUCES, ISLAMABAD Page 2 of 12
Over Current Numerical Relay
Distance relays or Impedance relays
Impedance relays have plug settings that are dependent upon the ratios of Fault voltage and Fault currents
rather than direct proportionality of fault current. Fig. 3 represents an impedance relay function.
Fig. 3 Impedance relay

Disadvantages of Impedance Relay
A simple impedance relay always under reaches because of resistive nature of arcing fault. The arc
resistance is observed as line impedance to the relay, hence under reaches. The under reach percentage is
defined by the following equation:
𝑈𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑈𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ =
𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠
Task 1
Design and implement an impedance relay on MATLAB/SIMULINK as shown below in the Fig. 4. Use
MATLAB function code to program the relay. Generate the fault conditions at 0.2 seconds for all enlisted
faults below and check if the relay operates properly.
1) L-G fault.
2) L-L fault.
3) L-L-G fault.
4) L-L-L fault.
5) L-L-L-G fault.
The relay must operate for all these types of faults to ensure reliable operation.

Fig. 4 Impedance Relay Setup

Results
Plot graphs in the space provided in given sections:
1) L-G Fault results
Voltages and Currents

Tripping Signal
Impedances

2) L-L Fault Results
Tripping Signal

Impedances
3) L-L-G Fault Results


Tripping Signal
Impedances

4) L-L-L Fault Results
Tripping Signal

Impedances
5) L-L-L-G Fault Results


Tripping Signal
Impedances

Appendix-A
Relay Code
function [Signal, Za, Zb, Zc] = Impedance(Ia, Ib, Ic, Va, Vb, Vc)
Vnom=66e3;
Pnom=1e6;
Inom=Pnom/Vnom;
Zps=0.8*(Vnom/Inom);
Za=Va/Ia;
Zb=Vb/Ib;
Zc=Vc/Ic;
persistent counter;
if isempty (counter)
counter=0;
end
if ( Za>Zps && Zb>Zps && Zc>Zps && counter==0 )
Signal=1;
else
Signal=0;
counter=1;
end
end


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Power System Protection

________________________________ _

MARKS AWARDED: /10

Prepared by: Muhammad Awais Version: 1.00

1) Design and implementation of a simple impedance relay.

Fig. 1 Reach variation of Over current relay distance from source

Fig. 2 Reach variation of an Over current relay in impedance domain

Fig. 3 Impedance relay

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Fig. 4 Impedance Relay Setup

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3) L-L-G Fault Results

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5) L-L-L-G Fault Results

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