Terrorism and 9-11 Terror

Attacks

Reported by:

Postrado, Caselyn R.

Tuazon, Jillian Erika S.

Videña, Angelica Ella Deanne B.

IS 204
Report Outline:

I. Terrorism
 Definition
 Brief History
 Types
 Causes
 Purpose
 Effects
 Types According to Scope

II. 9-11 Terror Attacks

 Introduction
 Terrorist Who Initiated the Attacks
 Mode of the Attack
 Planes used in the Attacks
 Places of the Attack
 Affected by the Attacks
 Effects of 9-11
I. Terrorism
 Definition
o Terrorism is the use of violent acts to frighten the people in an area as a
way of trying to achieve a goal generally political, religious and
ideological.

 Brief History
o The term “Terrorism” was coined during the French revolution’s reign of
terror (1793-1794).
 Types of Terrorism
o State Terrorism- systematic use of terror by a government in order to
control its population.
o Religious Terrorism- involves terrorist groups which are extremely
religiously motivated.
o Criminal Terrorism- terrorists acts used to aid in crime and criminal profit.
o Terrorists and the Left and Right - involves groups rooted in political
ideology.
o Dissent terrorism- involves terrorist groups which have rebelled against
their government.
 Causes of Terrorism
o Social Reasons: Minority groups are given insufficient rights.
o Nationalism: Trying to gain independence and right to self determination.
o Religious reasons: When Religious freedoms are being violated, groups
often resort to the use of terror tactics to try and address issues.
o ROOT CAUSES: Hate, Anger, killings, Revenge, abuse, etc.
 Purpose of Terrorism
o Publicity
o Recruitment
o Threaten other actors
o Enforce power against other actors
 Effects of Terrorism
o Fear
o Destruction
o Panic
o Chaos
o Death
o War
 Types According to Scope
o Domestic Terrorism
 Occurs primarily on the territorial jurisdiction of a state
 Terrorist activities are directed to the government without foreign
involvement
o International Terrorism
 Occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the state
 involves groups whose terrorist activities are foreign-based and/or
directed by countries or groups outside the state
o Commonality
 Involve violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that violate
federal or state law
 Appear to be intended
 to intimidate or coerce a civilian population;
 to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion;
or
 to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction,
assassination, or kidnapping
II. The 9-11 Terror Attacks
 Introduction
o The event that made Former American President George W. Bush’s 1st
term in the office of presidency “Global War on Terrorism”
o Most planned, surprising, destructive and deadliest attack in the history of
America
o With a sum total of 2,996 deaths and billions of dollars lost because of
infrastructure destruction
o When: September 11, 2001
o Where: Shanks Ville, Pennsylvania; New York, City & Arlington,
Virginia
 Terrorist Who Initiated the Attacks
o Al Qaeda
 Terrorist group who managed to initiate 9-11 attacks
 Means The Base, The Foundation or The Fundament in Arabic
 Broad-based militant Islamist extremist organization
 Founded in 1988
 Motto: “Centralization of decision and decentralization of
execution”
o Osama bin Laden/ Usama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden
 The “emir”, leader, mastermind, commander, founder & senior
operations chief of Al Qaeda
 Denied that Al Qaeda was behind the attacks but admitted it in
2003
o The Hijackers
 19 hijackers
 Mostly are from Saudi Arabia and other are from Egypt and
Lebannon
 All are trained pilots
 Mode of the Attack
o Airplanes are used as missiles
o Airfuel is used as explosives
 Planes used in the Attacks
o American Airlines Flight no. 11
 Crashed at the North Tower of the World Trade Center Twin
Towers
o United Airlines Flight no. 175
 Crashed at the South Tower of the World Trade Center Twin
Towers
o American Airlines Flight no. 77
 Crashed at west wing of Pentagon
o United Airlines Flight no. 93
 Crashed at Shanksville, Pennsylvania
 Places of the Attacks
o Shanksville, Pennsylvania
 United Airlines Flight No. 93; Depart: 8:42 am and crashed at
10:021m
 Unsuccessful attack
 Passengers got a clue that the terrorists was targeting the White
House so they fought with the hijackers
 Original Target: White House
o Pentagon (Arlington, Virginia)
 American Airlines Flight no. 77; Depart: 8:20 am and crashed at
9:37am
 Headquarters of the US Department of Defense
 Hard target because it is a low-lying building
 Target was the artillery or the weapon storage to blow-up the
whole Pentagon
 Substantial damage was caused to the E-C ring, West Wing of
Pentagon
 o World Trade Center Twin Towers
 Most devastated and fatal of the attacks
 Symbol of the 9-11 attacks and also terrorism
 North Tower- hit by American Airlines Flight no. 11 which
crashed on the 94th to 98th floors at 8:46 am and collapsed at 10:28
am
 South Tower- hit by United Airlines Flight no. 175 which crashed
on the 78th -84th floors at 9:03 am and collapsed at 9:59 am
 Symbol of America’s power and influence
 One of the landmarks and tallest towers of New York City with
North Tower ( 1,368 ft.) & South Tower (1,362 ft.) both having
110 floors
 North Tower has a total of 1,402 deaths and South Tower with 614
deaths
 Most devastated Companies: Cantor Fitzgerald(658 deaths), Marsh
& McLennan Companies(355 deaths) & Aon Corporation(175) all
are financial insurance companies
 Most of the deaths are firefighters, employees and civilians
 Affected by the Attacks
o Buildings
 World Trade Center 4
 World Trade Center 5
 World Trade Center 6
 Word Trade Center 7
o Human Life
 Rescue and Recovery Workers
 Residents
 Children
 City Employees
 Others Affected
 Effects of 9-11
o Afghanistan War
 Al Qaeda
 Taliban
 NATO
o The Impact of the Physical Health of the US Citizens
 Carcinogens
 A study nearly 30-40 % of the workers who suffered impaired lung
function still show little or no improvement of symptoms
o Psychological Impact
 Fear, anger, trauma and intolerance
 Harrasments and hate crimes (muslims in the US)
o Airports
 Time of check in
 Restrictions on what travelers can bring
 Type of bags that they can use
 Intense screenings
o Airplanes
 Hardened cockpit doors
 Federal air marshals
 “No fly list”