ISSN 0036-0244, Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2018, Vol. 92, No. 5, pp. 1041–1042. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

, 2018.
Original Russian Text © R.Kh. Dadashev, R.S. Dzhambulatov, V.Kh. Mezhidov, D.Z. Elimkhanov, 2018, published in Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 2018, Vol. 92, No. 5, pp. 843–
845.

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COMMUNICATIONS

Concentration Dependences of the Surface Tension and Density

of Solutions of Acetone–Ethanol–Water Systems at 293 K
R. Kh. Dadasheva, R. S. Dzhambulatovb, V. Kh. Mezhidovb, and D. Z. Elimkhanova,*
a
Chechen State University, Grozny, 366007 Russia
bIbragimov Complex Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Grozny, 364906 Russia
*e-mail: edzhabrail@mail.ru
Received July 27, 2017

Abstract—Concentration dependences of the surface tension and density of solutions of three-component

acetone–ethanol–water systems and the bounding binary systems at 273 K are studied. The molar volume,
adsorption, and composition of surface layers are calculated. Experimental data and calculations show that
three-component solutions are close to ideal ones. The surface tensions of these solutions are calculated using
semi-empirical and theoretical equations. Theoretical equations qualitatively convey the concentration
dependence of surface tension. A semi-empirical method based on the Köhler equation allows us to predict
the concentration dependence of surface tension within the experimental error.

Keywords: surface tension, adsorption, solutions, multicomponent systems, concentration dependence,

Köhler equation
DOI: 10.1134/S0036024418050060

INTRODUCTION The experimental data were used to calculate molar

volumes (Fig. 1).
Available experimental data on the surface tension
(σ) of solutions refer primarily to pure components The isotherms of molar volumes in binary solu-
and binary systems [1–5]. Theoretical equations allow tions, and in the radial sections of three-component
us to describe the concentration dependences of sur- systems, are straight lines without any features, indi-
face tension for a large number of binary systems [6, cating these solutions are close to ideal ones.
7]. Against this background, theoretical description The surface tension of the test samples was deter-
and experimental investigation of the surface proper- mined using the drop shape method (DSA 100 tensio-
ties of multicomponent systems lags far behind.
A great many theoretical equations have been pro-
posed in the scientific literature for describing the VM
concentration dependence of σ for multicomponent 75 3
systems [8–10]. However, these equations either do
not describe the concentration dependence of σ for 1
real multicomponent systems or they contain experi- 4
mentally indeterminate physical quantities. Experi- 55
mental and theoretical investigation of the surface 5
properties of multicomponent systems thus remains a 2
problem of interest. 35

EXPERIMENTAL 15
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Concentration dependences of the density and sur- XH2O
face tension of aqueous solutions of organic sub-
stances were studied experimentally in this work. The
density was measured using the vibrational method Fig. 1. Isotherms of the molar volumes of acetone–etha-
nol–water systems: (1) acetone–water, (2) ethanol–water,
(VIP–2MP). The experimental data on the density for (3) acetone–ethanol–water (acetone : ethanol = 1 : 1),
the bounding binary systems within the experimental (4) acetone–ethanol–water (acetone : ethanol = 3 : 1),
error coincided with the ones in the literature [11, 12]. (5) acetone–ethanol–water (acetone : ethanol = 1 : 3).

1041
1042 DADASHEV et al.

Table 1. Surface tension of acetone–ethanol–water solutions RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Acetone– Acetone– Acetone– Analysis of the obtained isotherms of the molar
Water ethanol ethanol ethanol volumes of our acetone–ethanol–water systems (1 : 3,
1:1 1:3 3:1 1 : 1, 3 : 1) showed that the surface tension isotherms
along the radial sections contained no qualitatively
0 22.9 23 23.4
new features, compared to the σ isotherms for the
0.1 23.9 23.8 25.4 bounding binary systems.
0.2 25 24.6 26.4 Our experimental data on the concentration
0.3 25.8 25.4 27.3 dependence of the surface tension of three-compo-
0.4 26.9 26 28.4 nent acetone–ethanol–water systems confirm the
0.5 28 27.5 29.4 conclusion reached earlier that the concentration
dependence of σ of multicomponent solutions exhibits
0.6 29 29 30.3 no features that do not somehow appear on the iso-
0.7 31.5 30.8 32.5 therms of the surface tension for the bounding binary
0.8 33.5 32.6 34.5 systems [14]. This indicates we can predict theoreti-
0.9 40 39 42.5 cally the properties of three-component systems from
the properties of the bounding binary systems.
1 72.7 72.7 72.7

meter) [13]. All reagents were of analytical grade
purity. Our results are presented in Table 1.
The σ isotherms have the classical shape; i.e., water
is inactive both in pure components (acetone, etha-
nol) and in solutions of the three-component system.
The σ isotherms for the acetone–ethanol–water
systems are smooth curves along the radial sections. A
monotonically rising value of σ up to 0.85 molar frac-
tion of water is observed in the experimental isotherms
for the studied sections. With a further rise in the water
concentration, there is more intense increase in sur-
face tension, up to the value of surface tension of
water.
Figure 2 shows the theoretical isotherms of surface
tension, calculated using the obtained equations [9,
14], which only qualitatively describe the experimental
isotherms. However, the semi-empirical prediction
method proposed in [14] describes the experimental
isotherm within the experimental error.
σ, mN/m
70
3 Balk. Knizh. Izdat., Nal’chik, 1965), p. 46 [in Russian].
50 4
30
2 1
10
C3HO : C2H5OH 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Fig. 2. Isotherms of the surface tension of a three-compo-
nent acetone–ethanol–water system (acetone : ethanol =
1 : 3): (1) experimental data, (2) predicted data [12], (3)
calculations using the equation in [12], (4) calculations
using the Zhukhovitsky equation [9].
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Translated by E. Stepanova

RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A Vol. 92 No. 5 2018