BIT INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE

100 GALLARES STREET, TAGBILARAN CITY, BOHOL, PHILIPPINES

TEL. NO.: 411 – 4856 (PLDT) / 501 – 8640 (GLOBELINES)

COLLEGE OF PARAMEDICS
HEALTH TEACHING
AREA OF EXPOSURE: MEDICAL - SURGICAL
DATE: JANUARY 23, 2020
NAME: ZENYJEAN GALLEGOS

TITLE: Proper Ways to Control Diabetes

PURPOSE: To teach the family the nature of diabetes, its cause, its complications,
prevention and treatment

RATIONALE: The client will have a broader knowledge about the disease. They will
also learn ways on how to properly manage their daily meals and activities.

CONTENTS: Diabetes is a disease that affects the way your body uses food. Most of
the food you eat changes into glucose, or sugar, for your body to use as energy. The
pancreas, an organ near the stomach, makes a hormone called insulin, which helps
sugar get into the body's cells. The cells use sugar for energy. When you have diabetes,
your body either doesn't make enough insulin or it can't use the insulin that it makes.
This causes you to have high blood sugar. There are two types of diabetes-type 1 and
type 2. In type 1 diabetes, the body doesn't make insulin. This type of diabetes often
develops before age 30. Most people with diabetes have type 2, which usually develops
in adults over age 40. With type 2 diabetes, the body still makes insulin but the cells
can't use it. The cause of diabetes isn't known, but you may be more likely to have it if
someone else in your family does.

How will diabetes be treated?

Diet and lifestyle changes can help keep your blood sugar at a normal level and prevent
other problems, such as blindness and kidney damage. Your healthcare provider may
also prescribe medicine (see How does my diabetes medicine help me?). Some people
with type 2 diabetes need to inject insulin if these changes don't control their blood
sugar level. Your healthcare provider may tell you to check your blood sugar level at
home using a blood sugar meter. He'll tell you when and how often to check and what
your level should be. Keep a daily record of your levels. If they're too high or too low, let
your healthcare provider know.

What are the possible complications? Low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia, can occur in
people taking medications for diabetes. Severe hypoglycemia can be dangerous
because you may pass out. Signs to watch out for are feeling dizzy, nervous, weak, and
shaky. You may also sweat, feel sleepy, confused, or hungry, or have trouble speaking.
If your blood sugar level is 70 mg/dL or lower, eating or drinking any of these foods can
help: * one-half cup (4 ounces) of any fruit juice * one-half cup (4 ounces) of a regular
(not diet) soft drink * one cup (8 ounces) of milk * one or two crackers * five or six pieces
of hard candy * one or two teaspoons of sugar or honey. You can check your blood
sugar level again after about 15 minutes, and if it's still too low, have another serving.
You should always carry one of these foods with you. Another possible complication of
diabetes is hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar. It can cause poor vision, slow-healing
cuts and sores, vaginal and skin infections, and nerve damage. Early signs include
increased thirst, headaches, trouble concentrating, blurred vision, frequent urination,
weight loss, and feeling weak and tired.

INTERVENTIONS/RATIONALE:

INTERVENTIONS RATIONALE
1. Change your Diet 1. To decrease blood pressure
-Plan meals should be low in fat,
salt, sugar and cholesterol
-Limit alcohol intake
2. Stop smoking 2. Smoking raises your blood sugar level.
It also damages your heart and kidneys

3. Exercise regularly 3. A balance rest and exercise can help

stable your blood sugar level.

4. Take medications as prescribed 4. To properly manage the disease

5. Have a complete eye exam once a 5. Having a high sugar level can damage
year your eyes

6. Take care of your teeth 6. Having diabetes have higher risk of

cavities and gum disease.

7. Check your feet 7. Diabetes damages your nerves in the

feet
AUDIENCE: The client and the family
VENUE: At the house of the client
MATERIALS USED: Visual aid
MEMBERS OF GROUP: Zenyjean Gallegos

EVALUATION:

MRS. REBECCA C. SARMIENTO

CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR