9/4/12 valve leakage

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42 Diaphragm
Valves
Types of Leakage Reliable, Drip-Free
There are two types of leakage from a valve, namely; fugitive emissions from the Performance.
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valve to atmosphere, and leakage through the valve but contained within the Today!
piping system. www.nordsonefd.com…

Fugitive emissions can both be detrimental to the environment and a potential

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safety hazard. Valves are considered to be the major contributors to fugitive Fixed Gas
Detection
emission losses.
for all Applications &
Leakage through the valve can also be a safety hazard, and can be detrimental to Industries. Proven
the process. and Reliable
Products
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Reasons that Valves Leak
Common causes of valve leakage include: Oil refinery
- Valve is not fully closed. This can be due to various reasons, including; Search Largest
China Supplier
- Valve seat is prevented from closing fully due to dirt, rust, or line debris Base. Verified
- Insufficient actuator travel Global Exporters-
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- The seat is damaged, e.g. scored
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- The seal is damaged
Rotary Valves
Standards for Acceptable Rates of Valve Leakage Rotary Airlocks and
There are many standards for leakage rates e.g. DIN EN 917 covers Feeders for all
Industries and
Thermoplastics valves, BS 6364 covers cryogenic valves, however the three Applications.
standards used most in the oil and gas, and petrochemical industry are API 598, www.anval.net
ANSI FCI 70-2 and MSS-SP-61. Seee below for further details.

American Petroleum Institute

The Americam Petroleum Institute standard 598 covers the testing and inspection
requirements for gate, globe, check, ball, plug & butterfly valves. It has
acceptable leakage rates for liquid as well as gas testing. All valves built to the
various API standards are required to meet API-598 leakage criteria prior to Further Reading
shipment from the manufacturer or supplier.

API598 states for shell and backseat tests, no visible leakage is permitted. If the
fluid is a liquid, there shall be no visible evidence of drops or wetting of the
external surfaces (no visible leakage through the body, body liner, if any, and

body-to-bonnet joint and no structural damage). If the test fluid is air or gas, no
leakage shall be revealed by the established detection method. For both the low-
Online
Engineering pressure closure test and the high-pressure closure test, visual evidence of
Degree leakage through the disk, behind the seat rings, or past the shaft seals (of valves
Earn an Online that have this feature) is not permitted (Plastic deformation of resilient seats and
Engineering Degree
Accredited & seals is not considered structural damage). The allowable rate for leakage of test
Affordable. Call fluid past the seats, for the duration of the tests, is listed in the following table: Valve Handbook.
24x7. 3rd Edition
OnlineAffordableDeg… All Metal-Seated Valves Metal-Seated
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9/4/12 valve leakage
OnlineAffordableDeg… All Metal-Seated Valves Metal-Seated
All Resilient (except Check Valves) Check Valves
Valve
Ball valve for Seated
Size Liquid Test Gas Test Liquid Test Gas Test
sale Valves
Here are various of (drops/min.) (bubbles/min.) (drops/min.) (bubbles/min.)
ball valve. Low price,
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2.5&-
0 12 24 (c) (d)
6"
Electraulic
Actuators 8" -
0 20 40 (c) (d)
Self-contained 12"
electro-hydraulic
actuators & drives >= Valve Selection
by REXA. 0 28 56 (c) (d)
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14" Handbook:
Engineering
where Fundamentals for
Easy-Forex® (a) 1 milliliter is considered equivalent to 16 drops Selecting the
Trading (b) There shall be no leakage for the minimum specified test duration. For liquid Right Valve Design
USD | EUR | GBP | for Every Industrial
Oil | Gold & More
test, 0 drop means no visible leakage per minimum specified test duration. For
Flow Application
Up/Down-You Could gas test, 0 bubble means less then 1 bubble per minimum specified test duration.
Benefit Both Ways (c) The maximum permissible leakage rate shall be 0.18 cubic inch (3 cubic
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centimeters) per minute per inch of nominal pipe size.
(d) The maximum permissible leakage rates shall be 1.5 standard cubic feet
(0.042 cubic meter) of gas per hour per inch of nominal pipe size.
(e) For check valves larger than NPS 24, the allowable leakage rate shall be per
agreement between purchaser and manufacturer.

Manufacturer's Standardisation Society

The US based Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) of the Valve and
Fittings Industry is a non-profit technical association organised for development
and improvement of industry, national and international codes and standards for, Piping and Valves:
Fundamentals for
amongst other things, valves.
the Water and
Section 5 of their Pressure Testing of Steel Valves, MSS-SP-61 1999 relates to Wastewater
seat closure tests, and defines the following leakage rates: Maintenance
- GATE, GLOBE, BALL VALVES: 10 cc/hr per inch of nominal pipe diameter. Operator
(Example: A 6" globe valve is allowed to leak 60 cc/hr in a test)
- CHECK VALVES: 40 cc/hr per inch of nominal pipe diameter
All shutoff or isolation valves specified to MSS-SP-61 must pass the above
standards. The seat closure test must be performed at a fluid (liquid or gas)
pressure no less than 1.1 times the 1000°F (380°C) rating rounded to the next 5

psi (0.5 bar).

Xylem | Water
Pumps American National Standards Institute
Boost Your Water ANSI FCI 70-2 supercedes ANSI B16.104 and specifies six different seat
Pressure To Meet
Design Flow And
leakage classifications; class 1 to class VI.
Improve Efficiency. Class I is also know as dust tight and can refer to metal or resilient seated valves.
Lowara.com/me/Boos… Class IV is also known as metal to metal. It is the kind of leakage rate you can
expect from a valve with a metal shut-off disc and metal seat.
Hudson Float Class Vl is known as a soft seat classification. Soft Seat Valves are those where
Valve Valve Handbook
For tank, trough, the seat or shut-off disc or both are made from some kind of resilient material
sump, pool, etc. such as Teflon.
Compact, durable,
no moving parts Maximum
Leakage Test Test
www.hudsonvalve.com Leakage Test Procedure
Class Medium Pressure
Allowable
Oil and Gas
Exploration No test required,
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9/4/12 valve leakage
Exploration No test required,
Solutions that I --- --- --- as long as purchaser and vendor
improve business both agree.
performance and
cut CO2 emissions! 45-60
siemens.ae/oil-and-g… Pressure applied to valve inlet with
psig or Control Valves: A
Air or outlet open to atmosphere or
0.5% of max. User's Guide
Flow Control water at connected to a low head loss
Supply of II rated operating
50-125°F measuring device full normal
penstocks, stop capacity differential
logs and flap valves (10-52°) closing thrust provided by
whichever
for the water actuator.
industry is lower
www.waterfrontengser…
0.1% of
III rated As above As above As above
capacity
0.01% of
IV rated As above As above As above
capacity Valve Selection
Handbook:
Max Engineering
service Fundamentals for
0.0005 ml Pressure applied to valve inlet Selecting Manual
pressure
per minute after filling entire body cavity and Valves, Check
drop Valves, Pressure
of water Water at connected piping with water and
across Relief Valves, and
per inch of 50 to stroking valve plug closed. Use
V valve plug, Rupture Discs
port 125°F (10 net specified max actuator thrust,
not to
diameter to 52°C) but no more, even if available
exceed
per psi during test. Allow time for leakage
ANSI
differential flow to stabilize.
body
rating.
Not to
exceed 50 psig or
max rated Actuator should be adjusted to
amounts Air or differential operating conditions specified with
shown in nitrogen at pressure full normal closing thrust applied to
VI following 50 to 125 across valve plug seat. Allow time for
table F valve plug leakage flow to stabilize and use
based on (10to52C) whichever suitable measuring device.
port is lower.
diameter.

CONTROL VALVE SEAT LEAKAGE CLASSIFICATIONS

Nominal Port Diameter Nominal Port Diameter Leak Rate Leak Rate
Inches mm ml/min bubbles/min
3 76 0.9 6
4 102 1.7 11
6 152 4 27
8 203 6.75 45
10 254 9 63
12 305 11.5 81
Bubbles per minute as tabulated are a suggested alternative based on a suitable
calibrated measuring device, in this case a 0.25-inch OD X 0.032-inch wall tube
submerged in water to a depth of from 1/8 to 1/4 inch. The tube end shall be cut
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9/4/12 valve leakage

submerged in water to a depth of from 1/8 to 1/4 inch. The tube end shall be cut
square and smooth with no chamfers or burrs. The tube axis shall be
perpendicular to the surface of the water. Other measuring devices may be
constructed and the number of bubbles per minute may differ from those shown
as long as they correctly indicate the flow in milliliters per minute.

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