Transient Analysis of

Synchronous Generator

Name : R.M.T.O.Rajapaksha
Index No : 080398V
Field : EE
Date Of Per : 15/11/2010
Date of Sub : / /
Step 1
a. Obtaining of short circuit armature current oscillogram
 Armature cuurent I( peak)
 T(ms) (A)
0 8.00
10 7.00
20 6.80
30 7.20
40 6.40
50 6.00
60 5.70
70 5.40
80 5.00
90 4.80
100 4.70
110 4.40
120 4.20
130 4.15
140 4.05
150 3.93
160 3.90
170 3.85
180 3.80
190 3.75
200 3.75
210 3.75
220 3.70
230 3.65
240 3.65
250 3.62
260 3.62
270 3.62
280 3.62
290 3.62
300 3.62
 9

8
f(x) = − 0 x³ + 0 x² − 0.05 x + 7.91

6
Armature cuurent I( peak)(A)

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Time (ms)
The polynomial obtained for the general is

y = -2*10-7*x3 + 0.000x2 - 0.047x + 7.906

Where y=Ia peak value & X=time in seconds

Vs=25/√ 3 =14.434V
From the graph

A=8
B=3.62
Hence
√ 2V s
X d= =5 .6373
B

√ 2V s
X 'd' = =2. 55 1
A
Step2
 T(ms) Ia Δx
0 8.00 4.38
10 7.00 3.38
20 6.80 3.18
30 7.20 3.58
40 6.40 2.78
50 6.00 2.38
60 5.70 2.08
70 5.40 1.78
80 5.00 1.38
90 4.80 1.18
100 4.70 1.08
110 4.40 0.78
120 4.20 0.58
130 4.15 0.53
140 4.05 0.43
150 3.93 0.31
160 3.90 0.28
170 3.85 0.23
180 3.80 0.18
190 3.75 0.13
200 3.75 0.13
210 3.75 0.13
220 3.70 0.08
230 3.65 0.03
240 3.65 0.03
250 3.62 0
260 3.62 0
270 3.62 0
280 3.62 0
290 3.62 0
300 3.62 0
 5

4.5

4 f(x) = 0 x⁵ − 0 x⁴ + 0 x³ − 0 x² − 0.03 x + 4.11

3.5

3
Delta (x)

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Time (ms)

92

1
X ' d=
1
+
C ; T 'd=D
X d √2 V s

C = 4.38
C/e = 1.6113 Hence D=T ' d = 92 ms

Step 3
 
 T(ms) ∆y
0 3.98
10 2.98
20 2.78
30 3.18
40 2.38
50 1.98
60 1.68
70 1.38
80 0.98
90 0.78
100 0.68
110 0.38
120 0.18
130 0.13
140 0.03
 4.5

3.5

2.5
Delta (y)

1.3795 1.5

0.5

0 74
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Time (ms)

E=3.75
E/e=

Td”=F=74 ms
T ' d∗X d
T ' ' d=
X 'd

' T 'd∗X d
T =
do
X 'd

Step 4
 18

16

14

12
Ia +ve Peak + Ia -ve Peak

10

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Time (ms)

G=15
G/e =5.52

Ta= H=166 ms
(ii)
X d− X ' d
I f =I f 0 + I f 0 ¿
Xd

T kd
As we assume that there is no damping,
T ''d is negligible,

8 .21−2. 1320 −t/25 −t /44

∴ I f =0. 2+0 . 2 x ( ) {e −e }
8 . 21
∴ I f =0. 2+0 . 148 { e−t/25−e−t /44 }
Practical
Theoretical
iii) Sudden Open Circuit Voltage

[ X d− X ' d ] −t
T do [ X d− X ' ' d ] −t
T ' do
V a =√ 2 V s cos ( ωt +θ 0 )−√ 2V s e cos ( ωt+ θ0 )−¿ √2 V s e cos ( ωt+θ 0 ) ¿
X ' 'd X ' 'd

Let assume θ0 =0 ;

[ X d −X 'd ] −t
T ' do [ X 'd −X ' ' d ] −t
T ' ' do
V a =√ 2 V s cos ( ωt )− √2 V s e cos ( ωt ) −¿ √ 2 V s e cos ( ωt ) ¿
X ' 'd Xd

V a =cos ( ωt ) ¿

V a=cos(314.16t)*(√ 2∗54.27 )*(1-(8.21-2.132)/2.1329 e-t/96.36-(2.1320-2.131926)/8.21)

−t/25. 87
V a= cos(314.16t)(76.74-218.678 e-t/96.36 -0.0006916 e )
DISCUSSION

1) Compare the parameter values computed using Short circuit

current oscillogram, open circuit voltage oscillogram.

When compare the practical and theoretical curves of armature open circuit voltage,
there is a small difference in steady state and it implies that the calculated values are not
accurate.
Theoretical Value =
Practical Value =

2) Compare the agreement of theoretical and observed oscillogram,

of short circuit field current and open circuit line voltage.
Both theoretical and the practical graphs that has drawn gives the same shape but the only
difference is that in practical graph there exists a delay in acquiring the steady state,
compared to other.This may be because the presence of natural damping effect.

3) Features of Short Circuit Oscillogram

 In short circuit oscillogram we can identify 4 components in the transient behaviour.
(1) Transient component
(2) Sub transient component
(3) DC offset component
(4) Steady state component
Transient and sub transient components rapidly vary with the time, but transient component
takes much time to decay than sub transient component.
When we observe the short circuit oscillogram, four components in field current can
be noticed. They are sub transient , transient , DC offset and steady state
componenets.Generally sub transient period lasts for 3-4 cycles of current. However
transient period is long and lasts for some hundreds of cycles.
DC offset current is caused due to the armature reaction. Before the short circuit,
armature flux is zero. With the short circuit, armature reaction flux is forced to be
established. i.e. sudden armature current tends to be established. Depending on the field
flux, the phase 'a' winding is receiving at the instant of the short circuit, phase 'a' coil
establishes a DC current to maintain the same flux following the short circuit causing the DC
offset term.

4) Importance of short circuit test

For the safety of the generator certain steps has to be followed so,to do this precisely we
need to know certain parameters of the generator such as Synchronous
Reactance,Transient Reactance,Sub transient reactance , etc.So by performing the sudden
open circuit test, these parameters can be determined.Therefore it is important to do the
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST.