The reproductive system is a system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of sexual

reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the
reproductive system. Unlike most organ systems, the sexes of differentiated species often have significant differences. These
differences allow for a combination of genetic material between two individuals, which allows for the possibility of greater genetic fitness
of the offspring.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

The male reproductive system is a series of organs located outside of the body and around the pelvic region of a male that
contribute towards the reproduction process. The primary direct function of the male reproductive system is to provide the male sperm
for fertilization of the ovum.

PARTS FUNCTIONS
EXTERNAL
STRUCTURES
Penis A male organ used in sexual intercourse.
Scrotum A loose pouch-like sac of skin that contains testicles. It also acts as a “climate control system” for the
testes.
Testicles (testes) Oval organs that are responsible for making testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, and for
generating sperm.
Dartos Acts to regulate the temperature of the testicles, which promotes spermatogenesis.
INTERNAL ORGANS/
ACCESSORY ORGANS
Epididymis A long, coiled tube that transports and stores sperm cells that are produced in testes. It also brings
the sperm to maturity, since the sperm that emerge from the testes are immature and incapable of
fertilization.
Vas deferens A long, muscular tube that transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.
Ejaculatory ducts They empty into the urethra.
Urethra A tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body. In males, it has the additional
function of ejaculating semen when the man reaches the orgasm.
Seminal vesicles Sac-like pouches that produce a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) which make the provide sperm with a
source of energy to help them move .
Prostate gland A walnut-sized structure that contributes additional fluid to ejaculate. Prostate fluids also help to
nourish the sperm.
Bulbourethral glands Also called as Cowper’s glands, are pea-sized structures that produce a clear, slippery fluid that
empties directly into the urethra. This fluid serves to lubricate the urethra and to neutralize any acidity
that may be present due to residual drops of urine in the urethra.
Bulbospongiosus muscle Expels the remaining urine from the urethra after the bladder has completed its emptying. In males, it
also aids in the final stages of erection by compressing the veins within the bulb of the penis to
maintain tumescence.
Spermatic cord It facilitates the passage of semen.
Prepuce A specialized, junctional mucocutaneous tissue which marks the boundary between mucosa and skin
or provides them adequately to cover the entire penis during erection.
Corpus cavernosum It contains spongy erectile tissue. It also facilitates penile erections.
Scrotal septum It divides the scrotum into its two areas. It also protects the testes and to keep them at a temperature
several degrees below the normal body temperature.
Corpus spongiosum During erection, it prevents the urethra from pinching closed, thereby maintaining the urethra as a
viable channel for ejaculation.
Penile Suspensory Ligament It supports and maintains the erect penis in an upright position during sexual intercourse. It also
(PSL) maintains the base of the penis in front of the pubis and acts as a major point of support for the erect
penis during sexual intercourse.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The human female reproductive system is a series of organs primarily located inside of the body and around the pelvic region
of a female that contribute towards the reproductive process. The breasts are involved during the parenting stage of reproduction, but
in most classifications they are not considered to be part of the female reproductive system. The primary function of female
reproductive system is to provide and produce egg cells and new life.

PARTS FUNCTIONS
EXTERNAL
STRUCTURES
Labia majora Literally translated as “large lips,” encloses and protects the other external reproductive organs.
Labia minora Literally translated as “small lips,” surrounds the openings to the vagina and urethra.
Bartholin’s glands Located beside the vaginal opening and produce a fluid (mucus) secretion.
Clitoris A small, sensitive, protrusion but has no function in reproduction.
INTERNAL ORGANS/
ACCESSORY ORGANS
Vagina A canal that joins the cervix to the outside of the body. It also is known as the birth canal.
Uterus (womb) A hollow, pear-shaped organ that is the home to a developing fetus.
Ovaries Small, oval-shaped glands that produce eggs and hormones.
Fallopian tubes Narrow tubes that serve as tunnels for the ova (egg cells) to travel from ovaries to the uterus. Also,
this is where fertilization occurs.
Fimbria Finger-like projections that do not touch the ovary but rather hover very close by, activated by
hormones to catch a released egg and move it down into the fallopian tube.
Cervix Allows the flow of menstrual blood from uterus into the vagina, and direct the sperms into the uterus
during intercourse.
Endometrium Prevents adhesions between the opposed walls of the myometrium, thereby maintaining the patency
of the uterine cavity.
External os of uterus Opens to allow passage between the uterus and vagina.
Mons pubis Covers the pubic bone in both males and females, though it tends to be more prominent in females.
Its important role is to secrete pheromones responsible for sexual attraction.
Suspensory ligament of It connects the ovary to the side of the uterus.
ovary
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 The respiratory system also called the gas exchange system.
 There are three major parts of the respiratory system: the airway, the lungs, and the muscles of respiration.
 The respiratory system consists of all the organs involved in breathing. These include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchi and lungs.

IMPORTANCE OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

 The respiratory system is responsible for obtaining oxygen which we need for our cells to live and function properly
 Getting rid of carbon dioxide which is a waste product of cellular function
 Aiding in speech production and in sensing odors.

PARTS FUNCTIONS

NASAL CAVITY It protects the the nasal passages and other regions of
the respiratory tract.

PHARYNX serves as passageway for both food, water and air.

LARYNX main site for sound production.

TRACHEA It filters the air we inhale and branches into the bronchi.

BRONCHI AND BRONCHIOLES are two tubes that carry air from the trachea into the
lungs.

ALVEOLI the alveoli increase the surface of the lungs for greater
exchange of gases to collect more oxygen.

It also protects the lungs from bacteria and other harmful

microorganisms.

LUNGS The main organ of the respiratory system.

this is the site where oxygen is taken in and carbon

dioxide is expelled out.

DIAPHRAM a dome-shape muscle that controls breathing located at the

bottom of the lungs.