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Endoscope
s
1. Introduction.
2. System
Components.
3. Principle f
(1): introduction
The name endoscope is derived from two Greek words which
are endom (within) and skopein (view). The endoscope is
an optical instrument used for viewing internal organs through
natural openings (ear, throat, rectum, etc.) or through a
small incision in the skin.
(2): components
All flexible endoscopes have a light guide plug, an umbilical
cable (cord), a control head and an insertion tube.
THE LIGHT GUIDE PLUG.
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By students: Sid Ahmed Abayazid & Mohammed Abdumonim_4 BME
The light guide plug fits into the light source. The air/water and
suction channels have ports in the light guide plug. The light
guide plug of a video endoscope is heavier than that of a non-
video endoscope and needs to be handled with care. The
terminals in the light guide plug of the video endoscope are not
waterproof and must be covered by the cap supplied with the
instrument prior to cleaning .
11. Eye shield. Used as a cup for the eye or a diameter for the
attachment of video camera equipment.
Figure 1 endoscope
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By students: Sid Ahmed Abayazid & Mohammed Abdumonim_4 BME
Internal Features :
. ANGULATION SYSTEM :
The angulation system is what makes the tip articulate when the
control handles on the control head are rotated and it can be
broken down into three areas:
· control mechanism :
· coil pipes :
· bending section :
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By students: Sid Ahmed Abayazid & Mohammed Abdumonim_4 BME
· SUCTION/BIOPSY CHANNEL:
The suction/biopsy channel is basically a length of tubing
running from one end of the endoscope to the other with an
on/off valve in the middle and attachments to stainless
steel connectors at the ends. This tubing is required to be
extremely flexible and pliable as well as stiff and strong.
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By students: Sid Ahmed Abayazid & Mohammed Abdumonim_4 BME
system.
Lighting
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By students: Sid Ahmed Abayazid & Mohammed Abdumonim_4 BME
· Lens systems:
All endoscopes have lenses in both the lighting and
image systems. A non-video endoscope has a lens system in
the eyepiece that focuses on the end of the fiber bundle
and magnifies the image.
All flexible endoscopes use an objective lens system at the
distal tip. This reduces and focuses the image onto the
surface of the image guide fiber bundle or the electronic
chip. Another lens system at the distal tip focuses light onto
the area being examined to provide evenly distributed
lighting. It is important to protect these lenses from
scratching or other trauma.
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By students: Sid Ahmed Abayazid & Mohammed Abdumonim_4 BME
· Grounding system :
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By students: Sid Ahmed Abayazid & Mohammed Abdumonim_4 BME
Pr
oxi
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al
en
d
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By students: Sid Ahmed Abayazid & Mohammed Abdumonim_4 BME
Fig1: endoscope block diagram
Air\water
Light
guide Por
t
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