INTEGRATED MONTESSORI CENTER

High School Department

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)

Program of Activities

I. Culminating Activity: Creative Portfolio

Objectives: The aim of the creative portfolio is to showcase the selected fields related to
the Humanities and Social Sciences strand. Each activity represents at least two or more
handled previous and/or current concepts/ideas taught to the HUMSS students which
seek to inspire the audience into understanding. This is to promote the academic strand of
HUMSS while educating the lower years with the curriculum of the SHS students. Some
activities also uplift the concepts and importance of reading and writing​—​two core skills
within the strand.

Date: March 12-13, 2020

Venue: AMWSLAI
Materials: Speakers, Laptop, Extension cord, and other decorative materials
In-charge: All HUMSS 12 students
Samuel Blasco
Emir Concepcion
Chadrick Delamide
Janna Ladao
Emilia Ogues
Winona Tulayan
Angela Yap

Procedure/ Specifications:
1. The HUMSS 12 students shall decorate the AMWSLAI under the
supervision of their adviser, T. Daisy P. Sibanta in their free time.
2. The accomplished school works from the student’s own personal work and
ideas.
3. The chairs and tables will be faced towards the wall wherever the
projector would face.

A. Exhibits

a. Filipino Mythologies and Folklore

Objectives: Teach and inform the students of the rich culture and heritage of the
Filipinos by reading different stories based on local myths.
Date: March 12, 2020
Venue: AWMSLAI (Rm. A103)
Materials: Speakers, Laptop, Puppets, Flashlight, and Curtains
In-charge: Emilia Ogues, Samuel Blasco, Janna Ladao, and Winona Tulayan
Procedure/ Specifications:
1. The assigned host/s and/or tour guide shall group the visitors by groups
and arrange them in the room according to the blueprint of each
presentations’ set-ups.
2. For each mythology presented, visual aid shall be provided by using
homemade shadow puppets (inspired by the Indonesian ​“Wayang Kulit”​)
for added entertainment.
3. The story shall be read from a series of compiled and authenticated stories
from different regions in the Philippines.
4. While the session is ongoing, the storyteller may provide additional
information or insights regarding the similarities and/or contrasting factors
of local and Western mythologies (e.g. Greek).
5. Afterward, the students shall line up and be transferred to the next part of
the museum.

b. Filipino Folklore and Superstitions

Objectives: Immerse Junior High School students and refresh their knowledge
regarding certain Filipino folklore and superstitions through music.
Date: March 12, 2020
Venue: AWMSLAI (Rm. 104)
Materials: Speakers, Laptop, Extension cord, and Projector
In-charge: Samuel Blasco, Emir Concepcion, Chadrick Delamide, and Winona
Tulayan
Procedure/ Specifications:
1. A video will be played to the audience (Filipino Mythical Creatures Rap
by Mikey Bustos) as the exposition to the presentation.
2. The assigned Grade 12 students shall feature the different Filipino
folklore, legends, and superstitions that are tied to Filipino culture and
heritage.
3. The featured Filipino folklore and superstitions will be sourced from the
internet and Philippine history, culture, and values academic books.

c. Cinematic Sensory Experience

Objectives: Present the written outputs of the Grade 12-HUMSS students through a
roleplay and Powerpoint presentation for their ​Malikhaing Pagsulat ​project and
encourage the Junior High to engage in promoting nationalism. This is also for them to
ignite their passion for preserving the Filipino language.
Date: March 12, 2020
Venue: AWMSLAI (Rm. A102)
Materials: Speakers, Laptop, Projector, and Extension Cord
In-charge: All Grade 12-HUMSS Students
Procedure/ Specifications:
1. All HUMSS students will conduct a roleplay as citizens of the fictional
city of Imperial Manila based on the book ​“Bahag-hari” ​and ​“Ulan”​.
2. HUMSS students will also present a PowerPoint presentation that explores
and gives an in-depth analysis of the novels’ world and characters.

B. Compilation Works

1. HUMANLILIKHA: A Compilation of works by the 12-HUMSS

Objectives: This project shall showcase the literary works made by the Grade 12
HUMSS students under the Humanities and Social Sciences strand that they wrote for
the compilation. This allows other students to form a concept of the specialties of the
strand.
Date: March, 2020
Venue: AWMSLAI (Lobby)
Materials: Big Scrapbook, Colored paper, design materials, the original books written
by the HUMSS students
In-charge: All Grade 12-HUMSS students
Procedure/ Specifications:
1. The HUMSS students will be assigned a literary category and compose an
original piece
2. The literary works will be printed and then pasted on a scrapbook. Afterward,
a short biography of each HUMSS student will be added inside the
scrapbook.
3. The scrapbook will be designed and showcased at the entrance of the
AMWSLAI building.
4. Two other books will be added; the final requirement for their ​“Pagsulat sa
Piling Larang”​ subject will be displayed as well.
5. Once the students enter, Winona Tulayan will shortly discuss the contents of
each book before they proceed with the main exhibition.

2. Galleria
Objectives: This project shall showcase the artistic works made by the Grade 12
HUMSS students under the Humanities and Social Sciences strand that they made in
their classes from grades 11 and 12. This allows other students to form a concept of
the specialties of the strand.
Date: March 9-10, 2020
Venue: AWMSLAI (Lobby and hallway)
Materials: Collection of artistic outputs by the Grade 12 students
In-charge: All Grade 12-HUMSS students
Procedure/ Specifications:
1. The supervisor shall find and compile artworks from the previous SHS
batches then create and design labels for each to be printed during the last
week of February.
2. These artworks shall decorate the halls of the AWMSLAI and transform it
into a “museum” with the details of each piece underneath them.

D. Seminars

a. Photojournalism seminar
Objectives: this project will help students, especially those who want to pursue
photography, produce better results with the lecture from a guest speaker.
Date: March 10, 2020
Venue: AWMSLAI (Rm. A102)
Materials: Speakers, Laptop, Extension Cord, Projector, and Microphone
Guest speaker:
In-charge: Samuel Blasco, Chadrick Delamide, and Emilia Ogues
Procedure/ Specifications:
1. The Grade 12 HUMSS students will give an introduction about the basics
of understanding and enriching their psyche with the usage of a
Powerpoint presentation.
2. The Guest speaker will then continue the lecture, with their own provided
materials for their presentation.

b. Moving up: Preparing for Grade 12

Objectives: Familiarize the Grade 11 students with the daily lives of their seniors by
catering to their inquiries and speculations on what to expect for their final year in
High School; this also includes questions related to their College Entrance Tests
(CETs) for the year ahead.
Date: March 10, 2020
Venue: AWMSLAI (Rm. A103)
Materials: Speakers, Laptop, Extension Cord, Projector, and Microphone
In-charge: Emir Concepcion, Janna Ladao, and Angela Yap
Procedure/ Specifications:
1. The Grade 12 HUMSS students will first start a forum wherein the
participants shall mention their expectations for the twelfth grade.
2. Afterward, a Powerpoint shall be displayed using a projector and the key
speakers shall provide objective answers; clarifying any deemed
misconceptions and such.
3. The Powerpoint shall tackle the different relevant topics that may help the
Grade 11 Students prepare for their next school year (e.g. CETs).
4. If ever there would be other questions raised, the HUMSS students would
try to answer them as much as possible.
 Humanities and Social Sciences Culminating Activity

March 9-10, 2020

Guidelines and Descriptions of Activities

CULMINATING GUIDELINES DESCRIPTION

ACTIVITY: CREATIVE
PORTFOLIO (AWMSLAI)

Senior High School Talk A. Both presentations A. A laptop and projector

shall discuss the shall be stationed with
expected situations both presentations’
and decisions the respectively at the
Junior High School back of the room
students may opt for B. The presentations’ key
when moving up to goals are to let the
Senior High School Junior High School
B. The speakers shall students be further
also give their informed about the
experiences in details of Senior High
Integrated Montessori School.
Center’s SHS C. The seminar shall
program further discuss how to
C. A detailed account of prepare for the
the events that activities they shall
transpired within their face during their
SHS lives would also twelfth year: CETs,
be shared with the Work Immersion, et
audience cetera.

Philippine Mythology, A. Two classrooms of A. The students will have

Folklores, and Superstitions the AWMSLAI a further discussion
building will be used regarding the
for the Philippine Philippine Myths,
Mythology and folktales, and
Philippine Folklore, superstitions in a
and Superstitions, ‘camping’ -like set-up
respectively. organized by the
B. For Filipino HUMSS.
Mythology, there will B. The assigned Grade
be two HUMSS 12 students shall
students present to present the selected
discuss with the local myths, folklores,
children about the and superstitions
heritage of the through a performance
Filipinos using encased with wonder
puppetry. and awe.
C. There will be a need
for a flashlight and a
dark room for
Filipino Mythology.
D. For the Philippine
Folktales and
Superstitions, there
will be two HUMSS
students present to
discuss with the
 children about the
heritage of the
Filipinos with the aid
of music.
E. The students will sit
on the blankets and
pillows provided by
the HUMSS students.

Cinematic Experience A. Room A102 shall be A. The students will be

transformed into a given a tour, via
“mini-theater” with a PowerPoint
projector stationed presentation, about the
behind the audience written and published
and decorated to its work of the HUMSS:
theme. “​Bahag-hari”​ and
B. The cast shall then “​Ulan”​
present the concepts B. The speakers will
and ideas related to dress like the
their novels of choice. characters in the story
and discuss the
contents of the story.

Galleria A. There will be a A. The artworks will be

showcase of paintings hung at the walls with
and selective thesis in specified captions of
the hallway of the artwork.
AWMSLAI. B. The Big Book shall be
B. The guide will displayed at the
introduce and entrance and will be
describe the works open for the students
further. to interact with.

HUMANLILIKHA: A A. The HUMSS students A. The books shall be

Compilation of Literary will write literary presented at the front
Works pieces, each one entrance of the
different from the AWMSLAI HUMSS
other. Interactive Museum.
B. They will also present B. The HUMSS students
their projects from the shall print the selected
first semester named works on an A4 sheet
“​Bahag-hari”​ and of paper (​8.26" by
“​Ulan”​ 11.69").
C. One representative
from the HUMSS will
give a brief
discussion about the
three literary pieces to
the audience at the
start of the activity.
D. Only the participating
Junior and Senior
High School students
are allowed to open
and read it.
 HUMSS CREATIVE PORTFOLIO FLOOR PLAN

March 9-10, 2020

AWMSLAI

The figure below illustrates the overview of the designated rooms in the AWMSLAI building to
be used and includes the presentation to be executed in each.

Empty Floor Plan (w/ Labels of The Activities)

Day 1 & 2

Day 3
Floor Plan w/ Seating Arrangements
 INTEGRATED MONTESSORI CENTER
High School Department

Senior High School Week

HUMSS TASK ASSIGNMENT

I. AWMSLAI Decorations
Chairperson: Samuel Blasco _____________________________
Members: Emir Concepcion _____________________________
Chadrick Delamide _____________________________
Janna Ladao _____________________________
Emilia Ogues _____________________________
Winona Tulayan _____________________________
Angela Yap _____________________________

A. Philippine Mythologies
Chairperson: Emilia Ogues _____________________________
Samuel Blasco _____________________________
Janna Ladao _____________________________
Winona Tulayan _____________________________

B. Philippine Folklore and Superstitions

Chairperson: Samuel Blasco _____________________________
Emir Concepcion _____________________________
Chadrick Delamide _____________________________
Winona Tulayan _____________________________

C. Cinematic Experience
Chairperson: Emir Concepcion _____________________________
Samuel Blasco _____________________________
Chadrick Delamide _____________________________
Janna Ladao _____________________________
Emilia Ogues _____________________________
Winona Tulayan _____________________________
Angela Yap _____________________________

D. HUMANLILIKHA: a Compilation of Works

Chairperson: Winona Tulayan ____________________________
Members: Samuel Blasco _____________________________
Chadrick Delamide _____________________________
Emir Concepcion _____________________________
Janna Ladao _____________________________
Emilia Ogues _____________________________
Angela Yap _____________________________

E. Photojournalism seminar
Chairperson: Chadrick Delamide _____________________________
Samuel Blasco _____________________________
Emilia Ogues _____________________________
F. Moving up: Preparing for Grade 12
Chairperson: Angela Yap _____________________________
Emir Concepcion _____________________________
Janna Ladao _____________________________
 SCHEDULE OF HUMSS CULMINATING ACTIVITY: CREATIVE PORTFOLIO

March 9-10, 2020

AWMSLAI

DAY 1

Date Time Activity Scheduled Students Teachers in-

Audience In-Charge Charge

March 12, 8:20 - 9:20 Interactive 7- Neon 12-HUMSS T. Aisy

2020 Museum (Hand
Picked, max.
Of 10)

8-Argon
(Hand
Picked, max.
Of 10)

11- STEM
(Hand
Picked, max.
of 10)

9:20 - 9:40 Break 12-HUMSS T.Aisy

9:45 - 10:45 Interactive 7-Helium 12-HUMSS T.Aisy

Museum (Hand
Picked, max.
Of 10)

7- Platinum
(Hand
Picked, max.
Of 10)

11- ABM
(Hand
Picked, max.
of 10)

10:50-11:50 Interactive 9-Xenon 12-HUMSS T.Aisy

Museum (Hand
Picked, max.
Of 10)

9- Zinc
(Hand
Picked, max.
Of 10)

9- Radon
(Hand
Picked, max.
of 10)
 11:50-12:20 Break 12-HUMSS T.Aisy

12:25-1:25 Interactive 10- 12-HUMSS T.Aisy

Museum Magnesium
(Hand
Picked, max.
Of 10)

10-
Manganese
(Hand
Picked, max.
Of 10)

DAY 2

Date Time Activity Scheduled Students Teachers in-

Audience In-Charge Charge

March 13, 8:15 - 9:15 Introductory 9- Radon 12-HUMSS T.Aisy

2020 Guide to SHS (Voluntary,
10 students)

9- Xenon
(Voluntary,
10 students)

9-Zinc
(Voluntary,
10 students)

9:20 - 10:20 Introductory 10- 12-HUMSS T.Aisy

Guide to SHS Manganese
(Voluntary,
10 students)

10-
Magnesium
(Voluntary,
10 students)

10:45 - 11:45 Moving up: 11-Uranium 12-HUMSS T.Aisy

Preparing for
Grade 12
 ACTIVITY REFERENCE SHEET

This page specifies on which subjects the activities to be conducted reference to.

SUBJECT ACTIVITY

21st Century Literature Interactive exhibit

DISS
Pagbasa at Pagsulat

Contemporary Arts Artist’s Galleria

Malikhaing Pagsulat Humanlikha: A Compilation of Written

Pagsulat sa Piling Larang Works

Media and Information Literature Cinematic Experience

Empowerment technology

SUBJECT EXHIBITS

DISS Filipino Mythology

21st Century Literature

DISS Filipino Folklore and Superstitions

SUBJECT SEMINAR

Moving up: Preparation for Grade 12

Photojournalism
 LAYOUT OF DECORATIONS

Venue: Room A103

Materials: Assorted cloth, cartolina, crepe paper, and
colored paper

Description: The scenery would be inspired by a campfire

scene wherein the students shall be seated on pillows to be
provided by the presenters, giving the atmosphere a hint of
comfortability and/or warmth as the stories of the
Greek/Filipino Gods and Goddesses are told.

Venue: Room A104

Materials: Assorted cloth, crepe paper, colored paper, and
related props

Description: Inspired by the Harry Potter franchise’s class

known as “Divination” and “Defense against the Dark
Arts” wherein there is a feeling of mysticism and wonder
which will be the primary focus on how the presenters will
showcase the Filipino superstitions and Folklore to the
Junior High School Students.

Venue: Room A102

Materials: Assorted cloth, crepe paper, cartolina, and
colored paper

Description: The room will be made into a mini-theater

that promotes the design of the fictional world known as
Imperial Manila ​within the Grade 12-HUMSS' books
named ​"Bahag-hari" a​ nd ​"Ulan"​.
 FILIPINO MYTHOLOGY

In Greek Mythology, the main gods were as we know them. The Olympians, the minor gods, the
Titans, etc. And they were as is. Yes, they had direct Roman counterparts, however, the
counterparts are still closely related. Direct counterparts would be like Zeus and Jupiter; their
names had only changed. Although there are cases as well wherein they are not direct. It was
rather easy to identify the gods of the Romans and Greeks since their lands were close to one
another.

But for the Filipinos, we had multiple deities. There are 23 deities, for almost all regions of the
country. The Greeks only had deities regarding their seasons, elements, land etc.; For this topic
though, we will mostly be using Tagalog Deities and compare them with the Greek Gods.

For the presentation, we had decided to use Tagalog Deities with direct comparisons with the
Greek Gods so that it will be easier to understand and differentiate both myths. We found ten
gods who are similar to one another and we will describe each.

FILIPINO GODS GREEK GODS

Aman Sinaya The primordial deity Poseidon God of the sea, rivers,
of the ocean and floods, droughts, and
protector of earthquakes. He is a
fishermen. The deity son of ​Cronus and
was one of the five Rhea, and one of the
original deities along six Gods and
with Bathala, Goddesses.
Amihan, and the two
first deities met by
Bathala.

Amihan A genderless deity Eirene A minor goddess of

who was said to have peace. Said to be the
stopped the war daughter of Zeus and
between Bathala and Themis.
Aman Sinaya, and
from there Amihan
had been regarded as
the god of peace.

Diyan Masantala Goddess of love, Aphrodite Goddess of Love and

conception and, Beauty married
childbirth and the Hephaestus but chose
protector of lovers. to be with Ares. She
She was in good came out of the
relations with seafoam from the
Lakapati, who chopped up pieces of
presided over the Cronus, the Titan of
fertility of mankind, Time and the father
the second stage to be of the six Gods and
determined after love Goddesses.
and before
conception.
Ikapati Goddess of cultivated Demeter
land, was the most
understanding and
kind among the
deities of Bathala.
Her gift to man was
agriculture. As the
benevolent giver of
food and prosperity,
she was respected and
loved by the people.
Goddess of grain,
agriculture, harvest,
growth, and
nourishment​. She is
also the daughter of
Cronus and Rhea, and
one of the six Gods
and Goddesses
Cronus swallowed.

Hannan Goddess of the Hemera The minor goddess of

morning, one of the day
three daughters of
Bathala with a mortal
woman.

Mayari Goddess of the moon, Artemis Goddess of the moon,

one of the daughters
of Bathala from a
mortal woman.
twin sister of Apollo.
She is the daughter of
Zeus and Leto, a
mortal princess. She
is also known as the
virgin goddess of the
hunt, animals,
wilderness and young
girls.

Mapulon The god of seasons. Apollo God of the Sun, and

He is also sometimes the twin brother of
associated with a Artemis. He is the
deity of good health son of Zeus and Leto,
and medicine. a mortal princess.
Mapulon is known as Apollo is also known
one of the kindest as the god of music,
deities to the manly beauty,
Tagalogs. He gave healing, plague,
good seasons and prophecy, poetry and,
health to mankind, arts.
and whenever a
person is ill,
medicinal herbs grow
due to his prowess of
commanding the
seasons, providing
men with something
to heal themselves
with.

Bighari Goddess of rainbows. Iris Goddess of rainbows.

She is the daughter of She is also known as
Bathala, known to be the messenger of the
tardy and Olympians.
floral-loving.

Manggagaway Sitan’s first agent; the Achlys Goddess of poison,

goddess of diseases. and the
personification of
misery and sadness.
 Apolaki God of wisdom, Athena Goddess of reason,
strategy and the wisdom, intelligence,
patron god of chiefs. skill, peace, warfare,
He is also known as battle strategy, and
the god of the sun, handicrafts.
and a peaceful deity. According to most
traditions, she was
born from Zeus's
forehead, fully
formed and armored.
She is depicted as
being crowned with a
crested helm, armed
with shield and spear,
and wearing the ​aegis
over a long dress.

THE CREATION STORY (TAGALOG MYTH)

When the world first began there was no land, but only the sea and the sky, and between them
was a kite (a bird something like a hawk). One day the bird which had nowhere to light grew
tired of flying about, so she stirred up the sea until it threw its waters against the sky. The sky, in
order to restrain the sea, showered upon it many islands until it could no longer rise, but ran back
and forth. Then the sky ordered the kite to light on one of the islands to build her nest and to
leave the sea and the sky in peace.

Now at this time the land breeze and the sea breeze were married, and they had a child which
was a bamboo. One day when this bamboo was floating about on the water, it struck the feet of
the kite which was on the beach. The bird, angry that anything should strike it, pecked at the
bamboo, and out of one section came a man and from the other a woman.

Then the earthquake called on all the birds and fish to see what should be done with these two,
and it was decided that they should marry. Many children were born to the couple, and from
them came all the different races of people.

After a while the parents grew very tired of having so many idle and useless children around, and
they wished to be rid of them, but they knew of no place to send them to. Time went on and the
children became so numerous that the parents enjoyed no peace. One day, in desperation, the
father seized a stick and began beating them on all sides.

This so frightened the children that they fled in different directions, seeking hidden rooms in the
house -- some concealed themselves in the walls, some ran outside, while others hid in the
fireplace, and several fled to the sea.

Now it happened that those who went into the hidden rooms of the house later became the chiefs
of the islands, and those who concealed themselves in the walls became slaves. Those who ran
outside were free men; those who hid in the fireplace became negroes; while those who fled to
the sea were gone many years, and when their children came back they were the white people.

Source: Mabel Cook Cole, ​Philippine Folk Tales (Chicago: A. C. McClurg and Company, 1916),
pp. 187-188.
 PHILIPPINE FOLKLORE
Aside from the gods and goddesses of the Philippine Islands, there are also creatures and other
deities dwelling amongst us. Below are twenty creatures the HUMSS students chose to present.

PHILIPPINE CREATURES

Mangkukulam Tagalog version of a witch. ​The

mangkukulam ​is often depicted as a being that
uses and abuses his or her power to advance
his or her evil intentions. They may not have
fangs or claws but they are more than capable
of doing harm.

Multo One of the most famous creatures in the

Philippine folklore; the multo has many
version such as the ​pasatsat​, souls of those
who died during the Japanese Era

Kapre The ​kapre is often depicted as a large, burly,

and hairy creature with glowing red eyes, and
it loves lounging on trees and enjoying his
fine cigar that never burns out. Its scariness
depends on your age as the ​kapre is often
used exclusively to scare kids who enjoy
staying out late.

Nuno The ​nuno is a goblin easily angered and will

do harm to those who damage or disturb his
mound. If an invader destroys the nuno's
home by kicking it, the offender's foot will
become swollen. ​Nuno sa punso are also
believed to inhabit places such as underneath
large rocks, trees, riverbanks, caves, or a
backyard.

Tikbalang It has the head and limbs of a horse and the

body of a man, so it's more accurate to call the
tikbalang a 1/3 man, 2/3 horse hybrid instead
of the usual half-and-half description. The
tikbalang enjoys getting people lost, giving
them hallucinations, and, from time to time,
driving them totally insane. ​It travels at night
to rape female mortals. The raped women will
then give birth to more ​tikbalang​.

Tiyanak The ​tiyanak or demon-babies-from-hell are

creatures that use the cuteness of normal
human babies to lure people so it can then
 reveal its true demon baby form before
devouring those unfortunate enough to fall
for its trick.

TikTik, WakWak and Ekek They can't split their body in two unlike the
infamous ​manananggal,​ but they have the
same dietary preferences, so call them
manananggal​-lite. The ​tiktik,​ wakwak,​ and
ekek are bird-like creatures of death that
prowl the night in search of food. Their diet
consists mainly of fetuses because that's
probably the human equivalent of veal or
something, and they're really finicky eaters.
But some say they prey on full-grown human
beings, which they scoop up with their
powerful legs. To tell them apart, remember
that the ​tiktik and ​wakwak got their names
from the sounds they make while they
approach their victims. The ​ekek has a beak
rather than a mouth. It's a good thing it doesn't
make "ek ek ek" sounds as it approaches.

Manananggal The ​manananggal is the most famous

variation of the ​aswang that the term can
almost be used interchangeably. Half pair of
normal lady legs and half
winged-flying-nightmare-fodder

Sigbin Inarguably the local version of Latin

America’s ​chupacabra,​ sigbin has varying
descriptions linked to its name. Some folk
tales depict sigbin as a wild animal with a size
of a small bear and a row of spines embedded
from neck to tail.

Batibat The ​batibat usually attacks people who sleep

near the post of the house made from the tree
that used to be her home (you could say she
has a hard time letting go of things). She is
often depicted as a fat, old hag and her
preferred way of dispatching her victims is by
sitting on their chest while they sleep.

Mambabarang Cebuano version of a sorcerer/sorceress. The

name is derived from the word ​barang,​
meaning sorcery or malignant magic.

Duwende For the Latin Americans and Filipinos,

duendes are dwarves. However, their
description varies as the Latin Americans see
the ​duendes are helpers of lost travellers. But
for the Filipinos, the ​duende can be seen as
 good or bad depending on the color of their
skin. They often play with children, who are
believed to be more capable of seeing them
than adults.

Sirena/Magindara fierce water creatures with the upper body of

attractive women and the lower body of
multicolored fishes. They lure men to drown
them.

Kurita A Maguindanao amphibious animal that

survives on land and sea and lives at Mount
Kabanan, and eats humans and exterminates
all life near it.

Bakunawa Serpent being present in various distinct

mythologies; a beautiful sea goddess who
turned into a serpent deity after her love was
sourced in Bicolano and Panay
mythologies.The ​Bakunawa is believed to be
the causes of eclipses, earthquakes, rains and
wind.

Lobo A large dog which guards the entrance in the

underworld in Ilokano mythologies

Bungisngis Bungisngis is the Philippine equivalent of

Greek mythology’s Cyclops. This one-eyed
monster allegedly inhabited Orion, Bataan
where it was known for its unique laugh,
hence the name. In fact, “bungisngis” came
from the Filipino root word ‘ngisi‘​ which
means ​“to giggle.” B​ ut don’t let the name
fool you: According to legends, ​Bungisngis is
a cannibal giant with horrifying features to
boot. Aside from a single eye on the middle
forehead, Bungisngis also have huge upper
lips, humongous teeth and two long tusks
resembling that of African elephants.

Gawigawen Gawigawen is a fierce, six-headed giant that

owns equally gigantic weapons of war. While
a ​gawigawen has six heads, it actually has one
brain. This brain of which is not stored in any
of the heads but instead inside the large hump
that the heads rest on. The ​gawigawen's hump
is actually a large bone reinforced container
that encases and protects its entire brain. It is
basically like a large skull. The six heads of a
gawigawen are therefore not entirely heads
but are more like external body parts that
relay senses to the brain. They are in essence
kinda like the eyes on a regular person's head.
Sarangay Sarangay is a half-man, half-bull mythical
creature of Ibanag origin. It dwells in the
wilderness and uses its scary reputation to
protect its habitat from invaders. Apart from
its devilish countenance and prominent horns,
Sarangay also has sacred jewels hanging in its
ears. These gems purportedly possess
superpowers and if anyone tries to steal them,
the thief is guaranteed of a gory death.

Diwata are lesser gods and goddesses. Some are

dryads who guard natural creations such as
forests, seas, mountains, land and air. Diwatas
have been colloquialized in modern times as
fairies or ​enchantresses​. ​Diwatas are
described as fair-skinned, good-looking and,
sometimes, blonde-haired. They are said to
reside in large trees, such as ​acacia and ​balete​.
They tend to be resentful of humanity's
intrusion into their realm.They also bring
blessings upon those who do good to the
forests and mountains, and curses upon those
who harm them.

Aswang are shapeshifters, believed to appear

human-like by day but transform into
different monstrous forms to harass and eat
awake humans at night or day, especially
pregnant women who are about to give birth.
Aswang can change from human to animal
form, typically as a large black bird with a
long tongue (​tiktik)​ , as a half-bodied monster
(​manananggal​), as a bat, a cat, a pig or a
black dog. Some ​aswang can change form at
will, others through the use of foul oils
concocted by good magicians (​albularyo​,
manggagaway​, ​manghihilot)​ . ​Aswang appear
at night (rarely during the day) to prey upon
unwary travelers or sleeping people. It is said
that they have a peculiar liking for the taste of
human liver.

Engkanto are mythical environmental ​spirits that are

said to have the ability to appear in human
form. They are often associated with the
spirits of ancestors in the ​Philippines​. They
are also characterized as spirit sorts like
sirens, dark beings, elves, and more. ​Belief in
their existence has likely existed for
 centuries,​[4]​ and continues to this day.

THE TALE OF MARIA MAKILING

One superstition is that every so often, men would disappear into the forests of the mountain. It
is said that Makiling has fallen in love with that particular man, and has taken him to her house
to be her husband, there to spend his days in matrimonial bliss.

In many other stories, Makiling is characterized as a spurned lover.

In one story, she fell in love with a hunter who had wandered into her kingdom. Soon the two
became lovers, with the hunter coming up the mountain every day. They promised to love each
other forever. When Maria discovered that he had met, fell in love with, and married a mortal
woman, she was deeply hurt. Realizing that she could not trust townspeople because she was so
different from them and that they were just using her, she became angry and refused to give
fruits to the trees, let animals and birds roam the forests for hunters to catch, and let fish abound
in the lake. People seldom saw her, and those times when she could be seen were often only
during pale moonlit nights.

Source: ​Maria Makiling​. Retrieved from https://monster.fandom.com/wiki/Maria_Makiling