737593-1-4P AID: 1825 | 03/01/2020

Show the element with unidirectional tensile stress and the axes as below in the Figure
(1).

Express the stress vector corresponding to the stress acting on the element as below.
 σ x   0 MPa 
   
 σ y   10 MPa  …… (1)
 τ   0 MPa 
 xy   

Show the element with second combination of unidirectional tensile stress and the axes as
below in the Figure (2).

Express the transformation equations with regard to the plane stress along the x1
direction as below;
σ  σ y σx  σ y
σ x1  x  cos 2  τ xy sin 2
2 2

Substitute 0 for σ x1 and 60 for 

σx  σ y σx  σ y
0   0.8660τ xy
2 4
σ x 3σ y
0   0.8660τ xy …… (2)
4 4

Express the transformation equations with regard to the plane stress along the y1
direction as below;
σ  σ y σx  σ y
σ y1  x  cos 2  τ xy sin 2
2 2

Substitute 10 for σ y1 and 60 for 

σx  σ y  σx  σ y 
10    +0.866τ xy
2  4 
3σ x σ y
10   +0.866τ xy …… (3)
4 4

Express the transformation equations with regard to the plane shear stress acting over the
x1y1 plane as below;

τ x1 y1  
 σ x  σ y  sin 2  τ cos 2
xy
2

Substitute 0 for τ x1 y1 and 60 for 

0  0.866
σ x  σy 
 0.5τ xy
2
0  0.433σ x  0.433σ y  0.5τ xy …… (4)

Solve the equations (2) (3) and (4) to get the solutions as below.
 σ x   7.5 MPa 
   
 σ y    2.5 MPa  …… (5)
 τ   4.3302 MPa 
 xy   
Show the element with third combination of unidirectional tensile stress and the axes as
below in the Figure (3).

Express the transformation equations with regard to the plane stress along the x1
direction as below;

σx  σ y σx  σ y
σ x1   cos 2  τ xy sin 2
2 2

Substitute 0 for σ x1 and 60 for 

σx  σ y σx  σ y
0   0.8660τ xy
2 4
σ x 3σ y
0   0.8660τ xy …… (6)
4 4

Express the transformation equations with regard to the plane stress along the y1
direction as below;

σx  σ y σx  σ y
σ y1   cos 2  τ xy sin 2
2 2

Substitute 10 for σ y1 and 60 for 

σx  σ y  σx  σ y 
10     0.866τ xy
2  4 
3σ x σ y
10    0.866τ xy …… (7)
4 4

Express the transformation equations with regard to the plane shear stress acting over the
x1y1 plane as below;

τ x1 y1  
σ x  σy 
sin 2  τ xy cos 2
2

Substitute 0 for τ x1 y1 and 60 for 

0  0.866
σ  σy 
 0.5τ xy
x

2
0  0.433σ x  0.433σ y  0.5τ xy …… (8)

Solve the equations (6) (7) and (8) to get the solutions as below.
 σ x   7.5 MPa 
   
 σ y    2.5 MPa  …… (9)
 τ   4.3302 MPa 
 xy   

Add the results of stress vector in equation (1) (5) and (9) to get the total stress at the
point as below.
 σ x  15 MPa 
   
 σ y   15 MPa 
 τ   0 MPa 
 xy   

Calculate the value of major principal stress, σ I using the expression;

σx  σ y 1
σ  σ y   4τ 2xy
2
σI   x
2 2

Substitute the value of 15 N mm2 for σ x , 15 N mm2 for σ y and 0 N mm2 for τ xy .

15  15 1
σI    0  4  02
2

2 2
 15 N mm2

Hence, the value of major principal stress is equal to 15 N mm 2 .

Calculate the value of minor principal stress, σ II using the expression;
σx  σ y 1
σ  σ y   4τ 2xy
2
σ II   x
2 2

Substitute the value of 15 N mm2 for σ x , 15 N mm2 for σ y and 0 N mm2 for τ xy .

15  15 1
σ II    0  4  02
2

2 2
 15 N mm2

Hence, the value of minor principal stress is equal to 15 N mm 2 .

Use the relation to obtain the angles made by principal planes as below.
2τ xy
tan 2θ 
 x  y

Substitute the value of 15 N mm2 for σ x , 15 N mm2 for σ y and 0 N mm2 for τ xy .

2 0
tan 2θ 
15  15

There can be infinite number of principal planes for this condition.

Hence, all the directions are principal directions.