Mineral deposits are naturally occurring accumulations or concentrations of metals or minerals of sufficient size and

concentration that might, under favourable circumstances,

have economic value. Economic concentrations of metals or other mineral commodities are known as ore.

Ore Deposits : An ore is a natural occurrence of rock or sediment that contains sufficient minerals with economically
important elements, typically metals, that can be economically extracted from the deposit. . The ores must be
processed to extract the elements of interest from the waste rock and from the ore minerals

ore genesis Process by which a mineral deposit forms.

Various theories of ore genesis explain how the various types of mineral deposits form within the Earth's crust. Ore-genesis
theories vary depending on the mineral or commodity examined.
Ore-genesis theories generally involve three components: source, transport or conduit, and trap. (This also applies to
the petroleum industry: petroleum geologists originated this analysis.)

 Source is required because metal must come from somewhere, and be liberated by some process.
 Transport is required first to move the metal-bearing fluids or solid minerals into their current position, and refers to the act of
physically moving the metal, as well as to chemical or physical phenomenon which encourage movement.
 Trapping is required to concentrate the metal via some physical, chemical, or geological mechanism into a concentration
which forms mineable ore.
The biggest deposits form when the source is large, the transport mechanism is efficient, and the trap is active and ready at the right
time.

Deposits may be classified according to their processes of formation into igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
(see METAMORPHISM), or hydrothermal

Metalliferous mineral deposits may be syngenetic (formed at the same time as the host rocks) or

epigenetic (deposited later than the host rocks)..

Base matels : Base metals are any nonferrous (they contain no iron) metals that are neither precious metals nor
noble metals. The most common base metals are copper, lead, nickel, tin, aluminum, and zinc. Base metals are
more common and more readily extracted than precious metals, which include gold, silver, platinum, and palladium.

Pure base metals oxidize relatively easily. Except for copper, they all react with hydrochloric acid to form
hydrogen gas

1. Iron is a mineral that our bodies need for many functions. For example, iron is part of hemoglobin, a protein which
carries oxygen from our lungs throughout our bodies. It helps our muscles store and use oxygen. Iron is also part of
many other proteins and enzymes. Your body needs the right amount of iron

-58.6% of children, 53 % of women

Australia, Brazil, China, India and Russia are the largest producers

magnetite

hematite
limonite

siderite
 Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and Goa, with Odisha contributing ~50% of India's total production

2. Manganese Mn and atomic number 25. is a mineral that is found in several foods including nuts, legumes, seeds,
tea, whole grains, and leafy green vegetables. It is considered an essential nutrient, because the body requires it to
function properly. People use manganese as medicine. Manganese is taken by mouth for manganese deficiency

Rust and corrosion prevention on steel

india is the world's fifth largest producer after China, Gabon, South Africa and Australia.

Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka

pyrolusite

3. Aluminium )is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, non-
magnetic and ductile metal in the boron group.

 bauxite.
 magnetite.
 haematite.
 monazite.
about 8% of the Earth's crust, it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon

Orissa, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Maharashtra

4.Chromium is important in the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates. It stimulates fatty acid and cholesterol
synthesis. They are important for brain function and other body processes. Chromium also aids in insulin action
and glucose breakdown.

Chromium is the main additive in stainless steel

Sukinda is a town in Jajpur district, Odisha, India.

mafic-ultramafic igneous intrusions

hromium is also highly valued as a metal that is able to be highly polished while resisting tarnishing.
Polished chromium reflects almost 70% of the visible spectrum, with almost 90% of infrared
light being reflected

leading minerals of common chrome ores are

chromium spinelides
5. Nikle A silvery metal that resists corrosion even at high temperatures. Nickel resists corrosion and is used to plate
other metals to protect them. It is, however, mainly used in making alloys such as stainless steel.

Nichrome is an alloy of nickel and chromium with small amounts of silicon, manganese and iron
6. Molybdenum is a silvery-white metal that is ductile and highly resistant to corrosion. It has one of the highest
melting points of all pure elements — only the elements tantalum and tungsten have higher melting
points. Molybdenum is also a micronutrient essential for life

Some electrical filaments are also made from molybdenum. The metal is used to make some missile and aircraft
parts and is used in the nuclear power industry. Molybdenum is also used as a catalyst in the refining of
petroleum. Molybdenum is primarily used as an alloying agent in steel

7.Silver is a soft, white metal that usually occurs in nature in one of four forms: 1) as a native element; 2) as a
primary constituent in silver minerals; 3) as a natural alloy with other metals; and, 4) as a trace to minor constituent
in the ores of other metals. Most of the silver produced today is a product of the fourth type of occurrence.

The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native silver"), as an alloy with gold and
other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper,
gold, lead, and zinc refining. Silver has long been valued as a precious metal.