Technological Institute of the Philippines

ION EXCHANGE
UNIT
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

ION EXCHANGE TANKS SPECIFICATION SHEET

TECHNICAL DATA
Equipment Tag No. I-601
Type Ion Exchange Bed
Material of Construction Stainless Steel 316L
Mass Flowrate 9169.28 kg/hr
Working Pressure 1 atm
Design Pressure 1.1 atm
DESIGN DIMENSIONS
Inside Diameter 1.0011 m
Outside Diameter 1.1037 m
Shell Thickness 0.0044 m
Height of Tanks 1.0243 m
Height of Resins 1.0137 m
Head and Bottom Thickness 0.0063 m
Crown Radius 0.8613 m
Knuckle Radius 0.0608 m
ACTUAL DIMENSIONS
Inside Diameter 0.971 m
Outside Diameter 0.962 m
Shell Thickness 0.009 m
Height of Tanks 1.83 m
Height of Resins 0.005
Head and Bottom Thickness 0.971
Crown Radius 0.971 m
Knuckle Radius 0.05826 m

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Data Assumptions:
● Process and regeneration time is 8 hrs

Operating Parameters:
Operating Temperature: 303.15 K
Operating Pressure: 1 atm

Design Tank Volume:

For 12 hour holdup:

𝑚3
𝑉 = 8 ℎ𝑟 (9.277786 )
ℎ𝑟

𝑉 = 74.2229 𝑚3
Assuming volume allowance of 20% (Pressure Vessel of Chemical Process
Equipment by Couper)
𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 1.2 𝑥 𝑉
𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 1.2 𝑥 74.2229 𝑚3
𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 89.0675 𝑚3
𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 1 = 89.0675 𝑚3
𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 2 = 89.0675 𝑚3
𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 0.6(𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 )
𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 53.4405 𝑚3

Solving for the diameter using torispherical head (Silla, 2003):

𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 0.0809𝐷3
𝜋 2
𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 𝐷 𝐻 + 2(0.0809𝐷3 )
4

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The vessel-straight-side-height to diameter ratio is 0.75 – 1.5 (Perry, 2008). For

this, use H/D=15

𝜋 2
𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 𝐷 (1.5𝐷) + 2(0.0809𝐷3 )
4
𝜋
89.0675 = 𝐷2 (1.5𝐷) + 2(0.0809𝐷3 )
4

𝐷 = 4.0508𝑚
Tank Height:
𝐻𝑇 = 1.5𝐷
𝐻𝑇 = 1.5 𝑋 4.0508 𝑚
𝐻𝑇 = 6.0762 𝑚
Computing for Resin Height in Tanks:
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2
𝑉
ℎ=
𝜋𝑟 2
(53.4405)
ℎ=
𝜋(2.0254)2
ℎ = 4.1993 𝑚
DESIGN FOR SHELL THICKNESS:
𝑃𝐷
𝑡𝑠 = +𝐶
2𝑆𝐸 − 𝑃
Where: ts= thickness of the shell
P = Internal Pressure
D = Internal Diameter
E = Efficiency of the joint
S = Maximum Allowable Stress
C = Corrosion Allowance

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Design Pressure:
The design pressure is 5-10% of the working pressure (Sinnott, 2005).
P = 101.325 kPa (1.10)
P = 111.4575 kPa
Substituting values to the shell thickness equation:

(111.4575 𝑘𝑃𝑎)(4.0508 𝑚)
𝑡𝑠 = + 0.004 𝑚
2(88,900 𝑘𝑃𝑎)(1.0) − (111.4575 𝑘𝑃𝑎)
𝑡𝑠 = 0.00654 𝑚 ≈ 6.54 𝑚𝑚
The outside diameter of the cylinder is:
𝐷𝑜 = 𝐷𝑡 + 2𝑡𝑠
𝐷𝑜 = 4.0508 𝑚 + 2(0.00654)
𝐷𝑜 = 4.0508 𝑚 + 2 (0.00654)
𝐷𝑜 = 4.0639 𝑚

DESIGN FOR HEAD AND BOTTOM THICKNESS:

Crown Radius:
𝑅𝑐 = 𝐷𝑜 − 6 𝑖𝑛
39.37 𝑖𝑛
𝑅𝑐 = 4.0639 𝑚 ( ) − 6 𝑖𝑛
1𝑚
𝑅𝑐 = 153.9957 𝑖𝑛 ≈ 3.9115 𝑚
Knuckle Radius:
𝑅𝑘 = 0.06 𝐷𝑜
𝑅𝑘 = 0.06(4.0639 𝑚)
𝑅𝑘 = 0.2438 𝑚
The equation for torispherical head and bottom thickness is (Sinott, 2005):
𝑃𝑅𝑐 𝑐𝑆
𝑡ℎ𝑏 = +𝐶
2𝑆𝐸 + 𝑃(𝑐𝑆 − 0.2)

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Where: th = Head and bottom thickness

P = Internal Pressure
𝑅𝑐 = Crown Radius
E = Efficiency of the joint
S = Maximum Allowable Stress
C = Corrosion Allowance
𝐶𝑠 = Stress concentration factor for torispherical head
1 𝑅
𝐶𝑠 = 4 (3 + √𝑅 𝑐 )
𝑘

1 3.9115
𝐶𝑠 = 4 (3 + √0.2438)

𝐶𝑠 = 1.75

Substituting the values to the head and bottom thickness equation:

(111.4575 𝑘𝑃𝑎)(3.9115 𝑚)(1.75)
𝑡ℎ𝑏 = + 4𝑥10−3 𝑚
2(88,900 𝑘𝑃𝑎)(1) + (111.4575 𝑘𝑃𝑎)(1.75 − 0.2)
𝑡ℎ𝑏 = 0.0083 𝑚 ≈ 8.3 𝑚𝑚
To check for head thickness, 𝑡ℎ𝑏 must be less than or equal to 0.356 of internal
shell radius.
𝑡ℎ𝑏 ≤ 0.356𝑟𝑡
1.0355 𝑚 10000𝑚𝑚
5 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 0.356 ( )( )
2 1𝑚
5 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 184.319 𝑚𝑚

Computations for the Final Dimension of the tank

Basis: The standard measurement available for steel plate is (20ft by 6ft)
𝐷𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 4.0639 𝑚
Circumference of the tank:
Circumference = 𝜋𝐷𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝜋 𝑥 4.0639 𝑚 = 12.7671 𝑚

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Number of plates required for the circumference of the tank:

3.28 𝑓𝑡 1 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒
No. of Plates = 12.7671 𝑥 𝑥 = 2.0938 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 ≈ 3 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠
1𝑚 20 𝑓𝑡

Computations for the Actual Dimensions of the tank:

20𝑓𝑡 1𝑚
Actual Circumference of the tank = 3 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑥 1 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑥 3.28 𝑓𝑡 = 18.2927 𝑚

Actual Diameter:
18.2927 𝑚
Actual tank diameter = = 5.8227 𝑚
𝜋

Actual Inside Di:

Actual Di = 5.8227 m – 0.009 m = 5.8137 m
Number of plates required for the height of Tank:
3.28𝑓𝑡 1𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒
No. of Plates = 5.8137 ( )( ) = 3.178 ≈ 4 𝐿𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟
1𝑚 6𝑓𝑡

Actual Tank Height:

6𝑓𝑡 1𝑚
Actual tank height = (4 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑥 1 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑥 3.28 𝑓𝑡)

Actual Column Height = 10.9756 m

Actual Surface Area
Solving for the actual surface area of the torispherical head and bottom
𝐴 = 0.264𝜋𝐷2
A = 0.264𝜋(5.8137)2
A = 28.0327 𝑚2 = 301.7415 𝑓𝑡 2
Number of plates needed for the surface area of the torispherical head
1𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒
No. of Plates = 2 𝑥 301.7475 𝑓𝑡 2 𝑥 (6 𝑓𝑡 𝑥 20𝑓𝑡)

No. of plates = 5.0291 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 ≈ 6 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒

Actual Crown Radius
𝑅𝑐 = 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖 = 5.8227 𝑚

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Actual Knuckle Head

𝑅𝑘 = 0.06𝑅𝑐 = 0.06(5.8227𝑚)
𝑅𝑘 = 0.3494 𝑚

Total number of plates for the shell

Total No. of plates (Shell) = no. of plates for circumference x no. of plates for
tank height
Total No. of plates (Shell) = 6x1
Total No. of plates (Shell) = 6 plates
Total number of plates for the tank:
Total No. of plates = no. of plates for shell + no. of plates for head + no. of
plates for the bottom
Total No. of plate (tank) = 1 + 0.5 + 0.5
Total No. of plate (tank) = plates

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