National aerospace university

named after N.E Zhukovsky “Khai”

LABORATORY WORK 3
Aviation fuel and lubricants materials
TYPES AND PROPERTIES OF AVIATION OILS

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 LABORATORY WORK
TYPES AND PROPERTIES OF AVIATION OILS

Aviation oils divided by purpose:

1 Aviation Piston Engine Oils
2 Aviation Turbine Engine Oils
3 Aviation Hydraulic Oils
4 Aviation Greases

AVIATION PISTON ENGINE OILS

Straight mineral oils are blended from selected high viscosity index base stocks. These
oils do not contain additives except for a small quantity of pourpoint depressant (which is
added when improved fluidity at very low temperature is required) and an anti- oxidant.
The suffix for each grade corresponds to the viscosity of the oil at 210°F in Saybolt
Universal Seconds.
The appropriate grades of these AeroShell Oils are approved for use in four-stroke
(four- cycle) certified aircraft reciprocating piston engines (except Porsche) and other aircraft
radial engines which use oil to specification SAE J-1966 (MIL-L-6082) and which do not
require use of an oil containing a dispersant additive. AeroShell Oils are used primarily
during break-in of most new or recently overhauled four-stroke aviation piston engines. The
duration and lubrication recommendations for break-in vary, so operators should refer to the
original engine manufacturer and/or overhaul facility for specific recommendations.
SPECIFICATIONS
The U.S. Specification SAE J-1966 replaces MIL-L-6082E.
Although it was planned to replace the British Specification DERD 2472 with a DEF
STAN specification this has now been put into suspension and instead the SAE specification
has been adopted.

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AeroShell 65 80 100 120
U.S. Approved J- Approved J- Approved J-1966 Approved J-
1966 1966 SAE Grade 50 1966
SAE Grade SAE Grade SAE Grade
British 30
- 40
Approved J- Approved J-1966 60
-
1966 SAE Grade 50
SAE Grade
40

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 AVIATION TURBINE ENGINE OILS
The name, Appointment and
№ The short description The basic characteristics
analogues area applications

Used in turbojet
Mobil Turbo Kinematic viscosity, cSt:
airplane engines with
319A-2 High quality - at 100°С, mm 2/s, min
the oil temperature
Mobil Jet Oil II synthetic diester oil 3,2;
(at outcome) up to
AeroShell Turbine with additives, - at minus 40°С,mm 2/s,
175°C. Also applied
Oil 390 which increase wear- max 2000;
1 in turborefrigerating
AeroShell Turbine protection Open flash point, °С, min
conditioning systems
Oil 560 characteristics and 210;
and in aviation gas-
TURBONICOIL thermal-oxidative Pour Point °С, max -60;
turbine engines of
210A stability. Density at 20°С, kg/m3,
gas-pumping
VNII NP-50-1-4F max 926;
aggregations.
Kinematic viscosity, cSt:
Mobil Avrex S High quality - at 100°С, mm 2/s, min
Used in turbojet
Turbo 256 synthetic diester oil 3,2;
airplane engines with
BP Turbo Oil 2380 with additives, - at minus 40°С, mm 2/s,
the oil temperature
BP Turbo Oil 2389 which increase wear- max 2700;
2 (at outcome) up to
Castrol 325 protection Open flash point, °С, min
200°С with
TURBONICOIL characteristics and 204;
overheating up to
210A thermal-oxidative Pour Point °С, max -60;
225°С.
VNII NP-50-1-4U stability. Density at 20°С, kg/m3,
max 928;
3 Mobil Turbo Used in gas turbine A petroleum-based Kinematic viscosity, cSt:
319A-2 engines of subsonic oil with a package of - at 50°С, mm 2/s, min
TURBONICOIL and supersonic high-performance 8,0;
321 airplanes with oil additives. - at minus 40°С,mm 2/s,
MS-8P temperature (at the max 4000;
outcome) up to Open flash point, °С, min
+150°С and also for 145;
preservation of oil Pour Point °С, max -55;
systems of Density at 15°С, kg/m3,
aeroengines. Used max 878,4;

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 also in ship gas
turbine plants and
gas pumping
aggregations.
Kinematic viscosity, cSt:
- at 50°С, mm 2/s, min 8,0
Made from deeply ;
Mobil Turbo
Used for for refined base with - at minus 40°С,mm 2/s,
319A-2
lubrication and antioxidant, wear- max 5000;
4 TURBONICOIL
preservation of preventive and Open flash point, °С, min
321
aeroengines. anticorrosive 145;
MS-8RK
additives. Pour Point °С, max -55;
Density at 15°С, kg/m3,
max 900;
Kinematic viscosity, cSt:
- at 100°С, mm 2/s, min
4,3-4,7;
Mixture of aviation
- at minus 40°С,mm 2/s,
Used in airplanes oils MS-8p and MS-
max 5000;
5 SM-4.5 with turboprop 20 in proportion
Open flash point, °С, min
engines. 75:25 ( mass portion,
138;
%).
Pour Point °С, max -35;
Density at 15°С, kg/m3,
max 860;

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 HYDRAULIC FLUID
The primary function of a hydraulic fluid is to convey power. In use, however, there
are other important functions of hydraulic fluid such as protection of the hydraulic machine
components. The table below lists the major functions of a hydraulic fluid and the properties of a fluid that
affect its ability to perform that function

Function Property
 Non compressible (high bulk modulus)
Medium for power transfer  Fast air release
and control  Low foaming tendency
 Low volatility
Medium for heat transfer  Good thermal capacity and conductivity
 Adequate viscosity and viscosity index
Sealing Medium
 Shear stability
 Viscosity for film maintenance
 Low temperature fluidity
 Thermal and oxidative stability
 Hydrolytic stability / water tolerance
Lubricant
 Cleanliness and filterability
 Demulsibility
 Antiwear characteristics
 Corrosion control
 Proper viscosity to minimize internal leakage
Pump efficiency
 High viscosity index
 Fire resistance
Special function  Friction modifications
 Radiation resistance
 Low toxicity when new or decomposed
Environmental impact
 Biodegradability
Functioning life  Material compatibility
AMG-10 is used in aircraft and land-based equipment hydraulic systems, which work
in the environment temperature range from - 60°C to +55°C.
Gidronikoil of FH 51 — working liquid for hydraulic systems according to the MIL-
PRF-5606 H Amd.1 specification (U.S.S), an analog of AMG-10 (AMG-10) according to the
specification GOST 6794-75 Oil Gidronikoil of FH 51 is intended for hydraulic systems of
the aircraft and land equipment working in the range of ambient temperatures from-60 to 55
°C. It can be applied in hydraulic systems of the industrial equipment. It is developed on the
basis of the glubokodearamatizirovanny low-stiffening fraction received from products of
hydrocracking of the paraffinic nefty and consisting from naphthenic and isoparaffin
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hydrocarbons. Contains zagushchayushchy and anti-oxidizing additives, and also distinctive
organic dye. It is approved for application: in hydraulic systems and racks of the chassis of
planes and helicopters, and also for dampers, jet hydraulic systems, reducers. FH-51 liquid is
produced by NYCO according to the AIR 3520/B specification (France), is approved on
compliance by the MIL-H-5606F specifications of department of air forces of the USA, DEF
STAN 91-48/1 of Management on a quality assurance of the Ministry of Defence of Great
Britain and meets standards of technical requirements of GOST 6794 on working AMG-10
liquid (hydraulic AMG-10 oil).
AeroShell Fluid 41 – mineral hydraulic liquid which provides very high level of
purity and has the improved low-temperature fluidity. AeroShell Fluid 41 contains additives
which also improve antiwear, anticorrosive properties and stability to shift. Besides,
deactivators of metals and antifoam additives also are a part of a product that is necessary for
effective work of hydraulic systems. AeroShell Fluid 41 has the wide temperature range of
application. The product is painted in red color. AeroShell Fluid 41 – the hydraulic liquid
intended for use in all hydraulic systems of the modern aircraft equipment demanding liquids
on a mineral basis. AeroShell Fluid 41 is especially recommended to be applied where use of
"superpure" liquid can increase reliability of work of systems. The product is efficient in the
range of temperatures from -54 °C to 90 °C in untight systems and from -54 °C to 135 °C in
tight systems. AeroShell Fluid 41 should be used in systems with sealing materials from
synthetic rubber and it is not admissible – in the systems containing natural rubber. AeroShell
Fluid 41 is compatible to AeroShell Fluid 4, 31, 51, 61, 71 and SSF/LGF. It is not necessary
to use the chlorinated hydrocarbons as solvents for cleaning of components of hydraulic
systems in which AeroShell Fluid 41 is used. The remains of solvent pollute hydraulic liquid
and can lead to corrosion.
Mobil Hy Jet IV-A + - effective fire-resistant hydraulic liquid on the basis of
phosphoric acid, which purpose of use in electrohydraulic systems control of steam turbines
and in other hydraulic, and also lubricant systems which require use of fire-resistant liquids.
Advantages of Mobil Hy Jet IV plus magnificent low-temperature properties, the increased
fire safety, reliable protection of the equipment thanks to magnificent antiwear properties, the
increased service life.

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 AVIATION GREASES

Mobil Aviation Grease SHC 100 (Synthetic Aviation Grease_

Mobil Aviation Grease SHC 100 is a supreme performance synthetic grease which
combines the unique features of a polyalphaolefin (PAO) synthetic base fluid with those of a
high quality lithium complex soap thickener. The thickener system provides a high dropping
point, excellent resistance to water wash, and a tenacious structural stability. The unique
physical properties of the synthetic base oil, combined with selected additives, provide
outstanding protection against wear, rust, corrosion, and high temperature degradation. The
wax-free feature of the synthetic base oil allows for low-temperature mobility/pumpability
and low starting and running torque values. Also, the traction property of the synthetic base
fluid is considerably lower than mineral, allowing for temperature reductions in the load zone
of rolling element bearings. Mobil Aviation Grease SHC 100 is the product of choice for
aircraft wheel bearing applications.
Features and Benefits
A key factor in the development of Mobil Aviation Grease SHC 100 was the close
contact between ExxonMobil product engineers and key OEMs to ensure that the lubricant
would provide exceptional performance in aircraft wheel bearings. This work has helped to
confirm the results from ExxonMobil laboratory tests showing the exceptional performance
of Mobil Aviation Grease SHC 100 including long grease life, enhanced bearing protection
and bearing life in aircraft wheels, and wide temperature range of application.
To combat high thermal exposure of the oil, ExxonMobil product formulators chose
proprietary synthetic base oils for Mobil Aviation Grease SHC 100 because of their
exceptional thermal/oxidative resistance potential. A state-of-the-art lithium complex
thickener technology was developed and used specific additives to enhance performance.
Mobil Aviation Grease SHC 100 offers the following features and benefits:

Features Advantages and Potential Benefits

Wide application temperature ranges, with
High viscosity index (VI) base stock with no
excellent protection at high temperatures and
wax content
low torque, easy start-up at low temperatures.
Outstanding high temperature and low
Thicker fluid films protecting against wear of
temperature performance
equipment parts operating at high temperature

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 Reduced downtime and maintenance costs
Excellent protection against wear, rust, and
because of reduced replacement of equipment
corrosion
parts
Excellent structural stability and oxidation Long intervals between re-lubrication and
resistance improved bearing life
Outstanding structural stability in the presence Excellent grease retention on parts in hostile
of water wet environments
Low volatility Little loss of lubricating oil
Mobil Aviation Grease SHC 100 is recommended for aviation applications which need a
lubricant that can perform normal functions, yet go far beyond in terms of high and low
temperatures and long-life performance. It is a NLGI Grade 2/ISO VG 100 grease having
the cold-temperature pumping resistance of most mineral-oil NLGI Grade 0 greases. It
provides outstanding protection at operating temperatures from –54 ºC (-65 ºF) to 177 ºC
(350 ºF).
Mobil Aviation grease SHC 100 is recommended for high speed, heavy load
applications such as wheel bearings, as well as for slower speed, high load applications such
as landing gear bearings, slides, and joints.
Mobil Aviation Grease SHC 100 is approved as a wheel bearing grease by all major
aircraft wheel manufacturers.
Mobil Aviation Grease SHC 100 Approved as a wheel bearing grease: ABSC (Meggitt)
Dunlop (Meggitt) Goodrich Honeywell (formerly AlliedSignal) Messier-Bugatti
Parker-Cleveland Typical Properties
Mobil Aviation
Test Method Grease SHC Spec Limit
100 (1)
NLGI Grade 2
Lithium
Soap Type
Complex
Smooth;
Structure Visual
Slight Tack
Color Visual Red
Base Oil Viscosity, cSt ASTM D 445
at 40 ºC 100
at 100 ºC 14.5
Penetration at 25ºC (77ºF), 60 Stroke
ASTM D 217 278 255 - 300
Worked, mm/10

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Extended Worked Stability, 100,000 strokes FTM 313 315 350 max
246 (475)
Dropping Point, ºC (ºF) ASTM D 2265 280 (536)
min
Copper Strip Corrosion, 24 Hrs at 100ºC ASTM D 4048 Pass 1b max
Four-Ball Wear, Scar dia, mm ASTM D 2266 0.5 0.8 max
Four-Ball EP, Weld Load, kgf ASTM D 2596 250
Four-ball EP, Load Wear Index, kgf ASTM D 2596 40
Water Washout, wt % ASTM D 1264
1 Hr at 79ºC (175ºF) 7
1 Hr at 41ºC (105ºF) 3 20 max
Rust Protection, 48 Hrs at 125ºF, ›1mm dia 0 in 2 out of
ASTM D 1743 Pass
Corrosion Spots 3 bearings
Bomb Oxidation, pressure drop in psi ASTM D 942
100 hr at 99ºC (210ºF) 3
500 hr at 99ºC (210ºF) 5
Oil Separation, 30 Hrs at 177ºC, wt % ASTM D 6184 7 12 max
Evaporation, 30 Hrs at 177ºC, wt % ASTM D 972 5
Dirt Count, Particles/mL FTM 3005
25-125 Micron Pass 1000 Max
Larger than 125 Micron Pass 0
Low Temp. Torque @ -54ºC (-65ºF), Nm (g-
ASTM D 1478
cm)
Starting 0.5 (5100) 2.0 (20400)
Running 0.1 (1020) 0.5 (5100)

(1) Values may vary within modest ranges

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