CS317869

CAD Standards: An Essential Element of the AutoCAD

Workflow
Shaun Bryant
CADFMconsultants

Learning Objectives
• Learn why and how you should develop a CAD standard, and discover the
methodology to implement it
• Learn how to bring internal stakeholders into the mix, gaining valuable input
and buy-in where necessary
• Learn how to build up specific elements of your CAD standard as you develop
it, and then keep them updated
• Learn how to make your CAD standard a work in progress, all day, every day,
as it evolves with your organization

Description
A functioning CAD standard is a must. Not enough of us (or our organizations) use CAD
standards in our daily AutoCAD workflows. A CAD standard must be developed,
documented, and, more importantly, used every day. An ever-decreasing amount of time—
and the hard work it takes to make that CAD standard into an entity—gets in the way.
LinkedIn Learning [in]structor Shaun Bryant (CadJedi) will show you how to implement a
CAD standard and develop it to suit your team, and identify which CAD standards are
needed (BS1192, NCS, AIA, and so on). Once built and agreed, it then needs to be
deployed. You will learn some of the tips and tricks you’ll need to get you through this
rigorous process of CAD standardization, and, more importantly, you’ll discover how to
document the process to ensure that milestones are met, and that your CAD standard
becomes second nature for your CAD team.

Speaker(s)
Shaun Bryant is an Autodesk Certified Instructor in both AutoCAD and Revit with over 31
years of industry experience. Shaun has worked as a consultant, trainer, manager, and
user, with the earlier years of his CAD career in sales, pre-sales, and business

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development as a CAD manager/user. Shaun has been a director on the board of Autodesk
User Group International (AUGI) and he is also the author of the reputable CAD blog, Not
Just Cad! He is a seasoned Autodesk University AU speaker and was the AutoCAD expert
at the inaugural Autodesk University London in June 2017. He is also an Autodesk
University Speaker Mentor, an AutoCAD Influencer and an Autodesk Expert Elite. He
recently authored the Wiley title, 'Tinkercad For Dummies'. Known to dabble in a bit of
rock 'n' roll as an established singer/songwriter, Shaun lives in Norwich in the UK and is
the owner and director of CADFMconsultants Limited.

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Introduction
Some of you may know me as the AutoCAD guy who does all the AutoCAD video learning
over at LinkedIn Learning (previously Lynda.com). I often get the “Are you the LinkedIn
guy?” or “Are you the Lynda.com guy?” and its normally because they recognize my voice
before they recognize me physically, which (sometimes) can feel a bit strange!

I’m also the owner of the blog, Not Just CAD!, which you will find here: -

http://cadfmconsult.wordpress.com

I often blog about all things CAD and sometimes other stuff, and this class is loosely
based on my experiences with CAD standards back in the days when I was young and
foolish, and a CAD manager of a small CAD department of a global petro-chemical
company based in the UK.

I was honored to be part of the Autodesk CAD Manager Forum way back when we were
invited out to the Autodesk HQ in San Francisco to a video recorded roundtable of global
CAD managers and consultants. Numerous tips and tricks videos and valuable insights
from the event were placed on the website: https://www.autodesk.co.uk/cad-manager.

Maybe check out these articles for future reference, as the CAD manager role is often
fraught with CAD standards and other methodologies that require adoption.

In the meantime, let’s get going, shall we? And get you up and learning about CAD
standards as an essential part of the AutoCAD workflow.

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1. Learn why and how you should develop a CAD standard, and discover
the methodology to implement it

The WHY you should be using a CAD standard

So why a CAD standard? Why do we need them? Why do they have to be used? How do we
use a CAD standard?

The answers are simple. The why is CONSISTENCY. The how is TO COLLABORATE our
designs and COMMUNICATE our design intent. Everything should be the same, in every
drawing. The one scenario where boring and regular is GOOD.

I’ll give you a great example from my AutoCAD history (which is now at 32 years – yep, I
started with AutoCAD for MS-DOS at a green 18 years old, and I turned 50 this year).

Decades ago, I was working for a local government department as their CAD consultant,
manager and trainer. To give you an idea of how long it takes to get a full CAD standard in
place, it was a role that lasted nearly a year, as a freelance consultant at the time. I was
responsible for everything; CAD upgrades, installs, training, standards, you name it, I had
to do it. I was also the chairman of their CAD standards committee.

One of the lovely ladies I was working with was called Julie, and she was originally a
board ‘tracer’, with no recognized AutoCAD training. She had taught herself how to use
AutoCAD and was a very competent user, apart from one thing. Her layer naming skills.
Here’s a screenshot of her Layer Properties Manager (shown in AutoCAD 2020 – back then
it was AutoCAD 2002).

Julie’s layer naming skills left a lot to be desired. This is where a CAD standard is needed.

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As you can see, the layer naming philosophy that Julie was using did not conform to any
CAD standard in use at the time, nor did it describe what information was on any of the
layers. Even if they did not conform to a current CAD standard, layer names such as Wall,
Door and Window would have helped as they would DESCRIBE what was actually on each
layer, but because they did not even do that, the layer names JULIExxx were meaningless
to anyone apart from Julie.

This is EXACTLY why a CAD standard is always needed, even for the simplest of drawings.

If Julie had left the organization, there was no way anyone could have deciphered her
layer names without a lot of work being done to search for drawing objects on each layer,
then having to rename each layer. Not much fun if there were hundreds of layers in one of
Julie’s DWG files, right?

Your AutoCAD workflow MUST incorporate a CAD standard, and not just for ease of use
either (as in Julie’s case). In a professional capacity, a project will (normally) need to
conform to a standard. That standard might be a company standard, a national standard
or a project standard, or all the above. This allows for EFFECTIVE COLLABORATION
between all the stakeholders on that project, such as the architect, engineer, builder,
electrician and so on.

Over the years that CAD has been on the planet, standards have been developed for that
reason. These standards allow for that collaboration to happen. Can you imagine a life
without CAD standards? A life where you receive third party drawings with Julie’s layer
naming? That’s nearly as bad as everything left on the default layer 0 (zero), right? Ugh.

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The HOW you should be using a CAD standard

CAD standards come in many shapes and forms. They can be subjective, objective and
even downright contentious. Sitting on a CAD standards committee as chairman was
interesting. The arguments you got about how a layer should be named, what color it
should be, whether a chair block should have the word ‘chair’ in its block name. The list
was endless.

The big question often asked though, was HOW do we use a CAD standard? HOW do we
make it effective to use?

If you jump on Wikipedia and look up “CAD standards” and go to the AEC section, you will
see the information below: -

Wikipedia: CAD standards – the AEC section on the page

The Wikipedia page lists some of the most common standards available, but it is not
exhaustive. It also shows some samples of common standardized layers too. Those
samples show you HOW you would implement those standards, by using specific layer
naming philosophies. As you can see, they are somewhat more detailed that the layer
naming Julie used.

As I am the token Brit in the room, I am going to use a standard I know well from my
AutoCAD work in the UK, which is the CAD standard BS 1192. BS stands for British
Standard and I have used BS 1192 for most of my AutoCAD career, in numerous shapes

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and forms. BS 1192 is officially used for Construction Drawing Practice. Part 5 of the
standard (BS1192-5:1998) concerns the Guide for structuring and exchange of CAD data.

Overall, BS 1192 sets out how you are supposed to name everything in a project;
documents, drawings, models and data files. I am just going to concentrate on the file
naming in AutoCAD for this class, otherwise we could be here for some time!

So how exactly would you utilize BS 1192 to create a DWG file name?

A file name in BS 1192 (with its full nomenclature) would look like this: -

PR1-XYZ-V1-01-M3-A-15:05:15-0001-S1-P02

It looks somewhat complicated, but the areas shown in red with a grey background are
optional, so that does reduce the length of the file name, which does make it seem less
‘heavy’.

PR1-XYZ-V1-01-M3-A-0001

So, what do all these letters and numbers mean? Right now, they seem like gobbledygook,
but all of them serve an important purpose. They DEFINE exactly what is on that drawing
and HOW you utilize the BS 1192 CAD standard.

PROJECT (2-6 characters)

PR1-XYZ-V1-01-M3-A-0001
The first part of the file name is the PROJECT code. This must be used by ALL parties on
the project to maintain consistency. It allows for easy recognition for all drawing files
used in all the project drawings. This code is normally 2-6 characters in length, using
letters and/or numbers.

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ORIGINATOR (3-6 characters)

PR1-XYZ-V1-01-M3-A-0001
The second part of the file name is the ORIGINATOR code. This code identifies your
organization or company and acts as an individual identifier, allowing anyone looking at
the AutoCAD DWG file to recognize which company or organization is using that file for
their drawing elements and/or annotation. This code is normally 3-6 characters in length,
using letters and/or numbers.

VOLUME/SYSTEM (1-2 characters)

PR1-XYZ-V1-01-M3-A-0001
The third part of the file name is the VOLUME or SYSTEM code. This code must always be
used even if there is only one volume/system in the project. It references a logical portion
of the work. So, if your project is broken down into component parts, such as west wing,
east wing, atrium and mezzanine, each volume/system code will identify each of those
component parts. If the drawing data or the model represents all the volumes/systems in
a project, it should be given the reference 00 (zero zero). The volume or system
designation can be one or two characters in length and, again, it can be letters or
numbers.

LEVEL/LOCATION (2 characters)

PR1-XYZ-V1-01-M3-A-0001
The fourth part of the file name is the LEVEL or LOCATION code. This code is always two
characters of letters and/or numbers. If multiple levels or locations are involved, then the
code ZZ should be used. If no levels/locations are applicable, then the code XX should be
used.

Other examples of these codes are as follows: -

GF – Ground Floor
00 – Base Level (or linear asset) of a building
01 – First Floor

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02 – Second Floor
M1 – Mezzanine above Level 1
B1 – Basement Floor 1
B2 – Basement Floor 2

The above list is by no means exhaustive either. There can be numerous iterations and
combinations of these codes, which can be project specific.

INFORMATION TYPE (2 characters)

PR1-XYZ-V1-01-M3-A-0001
The fifth part of the file name is the INFORMATION TYPE code. This code is always
hardcoded to a specific type of information provided in the project. The specific
information codes for drawings and models are as follows: -

AF – Animation file (of a model)

CM – Combined model (combined multi-discipline model)
CR – Specific for the clash detection process
DR – 2D drawing
M2 – 2D model file
M3 – 3D model file
MR – Model rendition file (for other renditions, such as thermal analysis)
VS – Visualization file (of a model)

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Other codes can be used for other document types here too, which whilst not totally
relevant in this class, give you an idea of how consistency is very important when
utilizing the WHOLE standard and not just the CAD standard itself. The codes are as
follows: -

BQ – Bill of quantities PR – Programme

CO – Correspondence
CP - Cost plan
DB – Database
FN – File note
HS – Health and safety
IE – Information exchange file
MI – Minutes/action notes
MS – Method statement
PP - Presentation
RD – Room data sheet
RI – Request for information
RP – Report
SA – Schedule of accommodation
CA – Calculations
SH – Schedule
SN – Snagging list
SP – Specification
SU - Survey

As you can see, this code is always formed with two numbers/letters.

ROLE (1 character)

PR1-XYZ-V1-01-M3-A-0001
The sixth part of the file name is the ROLE, which is what your company or organization
does. Each company or organization must be allocated at least one or more roles within a
project, and the codes are as follows: -

A – Architect L – Landscape architect

B – Building surveyor
C – Civil engineer
D – Drainage, highways engineer
E – Electrical engineer
F – Facilities manager
G – Geographical and land surveyor
H – Heating and ventilation designer
I – Interior designer
K - Client
M – Mechanical engineer
P – Public health engineer
Q – Quantity surveyor
S – Structural engineer
T – Town and country planner
W – Contractor
X – Subcontractor
Y – Specialist designer
Z – General (non-disciplinary)

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 Here’s a Takeaway Tip for you.
Remember that you might have several different architectural companies working on
a larger project. If this is the case, the second code (the ORIGINATOR code) defines
the individual COMPANY or ORGANIZATION, and the ROLE code defines the FUNCTION
of the company or organization within the project. Don’t get these confused. If you do,
it will get complicated!!

NUMBER (4 characters)

PR1-XYZ-V1-01-M3-A-0001
The seventh part of the file name is the NUMBER, which is always used sequentially, with
the leading zeroes shown (as above). This would be your file number, so Drawing 1 in the
project, using BS 1192, would be shown as 0001, as shown above.

This can be extended to five characters if required (that would be A LOT of drawings!) but
if that was the case, the change must be noted somewhere in the project documents, so
that all the project stakeholders are fully aware of the new nomenclature.

The optional elements (mentioned earlier)

PR1-XYZ-V1-01-M3-A-15:05:15-0001-S1-P02
Whilst the optional elements of a BS 1192 file name are not essential, they should be
mentioned.

The first of the optional elements is the CLASSIFICATION, so this could relate to the likes
of UNICLASS 1.4, or possibly UNICLASS 2015 (above in red).

The second of the optional elements (above in red) is the SUITABILITY STATUS and the
REVISION STATUS of the file name in the project.

There are numerous codes for suitability and in this class, we don’t really have the time to
go through them all. An example of suitability codes would be for Work In Progress (WIP),
where the initial suitability status would be S0 (with a zero, not O) which represents the

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file in its first WIP phase, all the way up to S7, which represents that the drawing is
‘suitable for sharing’ with other project stakeholders. You can look up all the suitability
codes in the BS 1192 standard if you are interested.

The revision status is also self-explanatory too. All preliminary revisions have a P prefix,
such as P01 (with a leading zero) and upwards; P02, P03 etc. During WIP, a decimal point
and a suffix can be used to indicate items going through more detailed approvals
processes, and would look like this; P01.01, P01.02 and so on.

All completed work would use the C prefix (which represents CONSTRUCTION status) and
would be shown as C01, C02 etc, again, with a leading zero.

Implementing your CAD standard (using BS 1192)

PR1-XYZ-V1-01-M3-A-15:05:15-0001-S1-P02
The above nomenclature represents a sample filename using BS 1192, which you now
know how to use effectively. So, how do you implement this on a new project?

Here’s a simple checklist: -

1. Effective folder structure – server, cloud, suitable file storage.

2. Effective team communication – correct drawing revision procedure followed by

the whole CAD team. This can be reinforced by regular progress meetings.

3. Effective procedural discipline – making sure that the whole team follows the
standard (BS 1192) for ALL their work.

Going all the way back to Julie and her layer naming, you now fully understand the need
for project consistency and a functioning CAD standard. Not only does it provide s
structured approach to all CAD work, but it also allows for effective communication with
other stakeholders on a project, regardless of whether the project is a small country
house refurb, or a new skyscraper for a global corporate organization.

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2. Learn how to bring internal stakeholders into the mix
OK, so you now have an effective CAD standard in place. For continuity, we will stick with
the BS 1192 standard we worked with for the first objective.

You now need to bring internal stakeholders into the mix, gaining valuable input and buy-
in where necessary. How do you do that? How do you get that buy-in?

In my experience, there’s a simple route to follow: -

1. Research – consult your CAD team. Find out what they need and what they want in
a CAD standard. Have meetings and get a consensus.

2. Involve – get the CAD team onboard with the new standard. They’re the ones who
will be using it EVERY day. It needs to be functional and easy to use.

3. Prototype – create a ‘standardized’ project that is NOT live but demonstrates what
is required. Get opinions from the CAD team on how well it works.

4. Performance – work with the prototype. Get the CAD team to test the standard and
get their opinions on what works and what doesn’t.

5. Results – record your findings with the CAD team. Create a draft CAD standard
procedural document.

6. Present – approach higher management and present exactly why a CAD standard is
needed. Use the ‘Julie’ example in your presentation. Present the draft CAD
standard and explain how it is imperative to maintain standards to demonstrate
professionalism, make for easier collaboration, and thus, become more effective
and profitable.

It is normally at this point that your higher-level management realise that a CAD standard
is EXACTLY what is needed. As soon as profitability becomes part of the equation, they
see that not only will a CAD standard improve internal processes and make the CAD
function a slicker part of the overall ‘machine’, but they also see that a functional CAD
standard can increase revenue by making the company or organization more efficient
overall.

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Going back to the local government organization I was working for, where I discovered
Julie’s unique layer naming process, we were able to improve drawing quality by over
27%, and drawing efficiency by 31%, making sure that drawings were sent to project
stakeholders more promptly, thus adhering to project benchmarks much more easily.

In a corporate environment, this would lead to larger profit margins on commercial

projects, thus allowing the company or organization to generate more revenue on
projects that they might not have realized without a CAD standard in place. More profit, in
turn, can then be invested in the CAD function (and CAD standards), which leads to more
opportunities such as new CAD workstations, more external CAD training, and an increase
in visibility for the (now) efficient, functional CAD team with their new shiny CAD
standard.

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3. Learn how to build up specific elements of your CAD standard
Up until now, we have been working with the generic standard BS 1192. Whilst this is a
superb foundation structure to use, both internally and externally, there is ALWAYS room
for improvement and refinement. You can ALWAYS take a standard such as BS 1192 and
ADD your own elements and processes to it, making it your own.

Drawing Templates (DWT)

AutoCAD DWT files are a great way to maintain a CAD standard and ensure that all the
CAD team utilize the appropriate template files for both new and existing drawings on a
project. A DWT file can be pre-loaded with the following drawing data, ensuring the
erroneous information is kept to a minimum: -

Titleblocks

A titleblock for each sheet size can be created and made into the appropriate
AutoCAD block with attributes. This would reside in the layout tab of each DWT file
and should titleblock information require editing, the Enhanced Attribute Editor in
AutoCAD can be used.

The AutoCAD Enhanced Attribute Editor, showing attribute tags available for editing in a titleblock

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Layers

A DWT file can be pre-loaded with the necessary layers that conform to your CAD
standard, whatever that may be. Whilst the pre-installed layers are not exhaustive,
it provides a full layer set that is ready for use, thus reducing the need for a CAD
user to have to develop a whole set of new layers in a new drawing.

Referring to BS 1192, layer naming is another part of the BS 1192 standard, which
allows you to standardize layer naming in your CAD standard, ensuring a
consistent layer naming philosophy (unlike Julie).

Layers are fundamental to AutoCAD, and act as a foundation to ALL your project
drawings. It is imperative that the whole CAD team maintain that consistency
across EVERY project that uses the CAD standard.

The AutoCAD Layer Properties Manager, showing layers available for in a drawing created from a DWT file
(NOTE: The layers shown are NOT configured to BS 1192)

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 Blocks

Blocks can easily be added to a DWT file too. This is another great way to maintain
consistency in a standardized CAD environment, making sure that your CAD team
only use the blocks provided and don’t add any new ones that are non-standard.
The new Blocks palette in AutoCAD 2020 is a superb way of utilizing these blocks.

The AutoCAD Blocks palette, showing some blocks available

in a drawing created from a DWT file

Another way of utilizing blocks for a project is to build AutoCAD tool palettes for
the block libraries you want used on a project. Tool palettes can be exported and
imported by AutoCAD users, thus reducing the need for block creation and saving
valuable drafting time. I won’t go into detail here as there are already several past
AU classes on using tool palettes in this way! Just check them out on the AU
website!

Your drawing template files can be stored in a central location too. This can be server
based or cloud based, it’s entirely up to you and will normally be based on how you utilize
your server infrastructure. Many companies and organizations are moving into the cloud
and this does then reduce the need for more traditional storage solutions.

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When you do set up a location for your standardized template files, you can then specify
the new default location in the Options in AutoCAD. This can be automated when AutoCAD
is installed using network licences too.

Changing the template file locations is easy and is located under the Files tab in the
Options dialog box: -

The AutoCAD Options dialog box, showing the Files tab with the template file locations displayed.

Working with project collaborators and third parties

As your CAD standard develops, you can let it go external too. Once it becomes a
procedural document, you can make sure that any companies or organizations that are
collaborating with you on a project are also using your CAD standard as well. Third parties
will have to submit drawings created to your CAD standard, thus saving time and effort
internally.

This, however, is a perfect world scenario. Collaborators and third parties sometimes
don’t adhere to your CAD standard, and there are functions in AutoCAD that allow you to
change certain parts of an external drawing quickly to your standard.

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Layer Translator

One of these is the Layer Translator function in AutoCAD. You can set up translation
settings that translate specific layers to your required layers in your CAD standard. A
typical example is shown below: -

The AutoCAD Layer Translator, showing layers ready to be translated.

In the case above, you can see that the layers DIM and DIMENSION are going to be
mapped to the new layer Dimensions. This then translates the existing layers to the new
layer name that you need as part of your CAD standard. Notice the Load command where
you can load layers from an existing drawing. This is where you bring in YOUR layers that
need to be mapped to.

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Drawing Standards (DWS)

AutoCAD DWS files are a great way to maintain a CAD standard too. You simply save an
existing drawing (DWG) or drawing template (DWT) out as a drawing standard file (DWS).

All you then need to do configure a DWS file to the DWG file and run the DWS file against
the non-standard drawing, as shown below.

The Check Standards dialog box, showing layers being checked.

In the Check Standards dialog box, any problems discovered can be fixed and this
includes replacing layers, dimension styles and numerous other settings in an AutoCAD
drawing. Problems can also be ignored and referred to later, or you can just move on to
the next problem if required.

You can find the CAD Standards panel on the Manage tab on the AutoCAD ribbon.

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4. Learn how to make your CAD standard a work in progress
Ideally, as you strive to standardize your CAD processes in AutoCAD, you will want to
make your CAD standard a work in progress, all day, every day, as it evolves with your
company or organization.

It’s REAL simple. You will NEVER be finished. A CAD standard EVOLVES and grows every
day, to incorporate changes internally and to adapt to external changes. We are using BS
1192. There are other global CAD standards out there, and you may need to adapt to
another standard, or adapt your existing processes using BS 1192 to a different type of
project.

For this to work, certain working processes need to be adapted.

1. Coordination – your CAD standard needs to be integrated into the day-to-day CAD
processes the CAD team must work through. In order to do this effectively, it
would be a great idea to have a designated standards coordinator, who ensures
that all staff, existing and new, are fully aware of the CAD standard and how it
works within the company or organization.

2. Updates – all CAD standards need to be updated from time to time. That will
sometimes be planned, or even reactive, depending on the circumstances. It is
always a good idea to keep abreast of any changes to any external standards you
are using (in our case BS 1192) and arrange for a regular update frequency. When I
worked as a CAD manager, this was normally an annual update. Once this update
was complete, the appropriate internal communications were sent out, informing
all internal stakeholders of the changes made. External communications were also
sent out to any external project collaborators or third parties as well.

3. Effectiveness – a good working CAD standard relies on how well it works when
being used by the CAD team. Listen to your CAD jockeys. They drive AutoCAD
EVERY day, using the standard you have created. If something doesn’t work, they
WILL let you know! I used to have a Monday morning meeting each week, before
the working week started, to ascertain what was working and what wasn’t, plus
gain insights into current projects that were ongoing by way of progress. These
meetings were normally incentivized with good coffee and donuts, or a decent
English bacon sandwich for each CAD team member. Trust me, every CAD jockey I
know LOVES a decent donut or a good English bacon sandwich with which to start
their working week!

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4. Training – making sure your CAD team are up to speed with the latest AutoCAD
software is ESSENTIAL. This can be done externally, or perhaps with online
learning using the likes of LinkedIn Learning (http://www.linkedin.com/learning).
Of course, I will promote LinkedIn Learning, but there are many other online
learning possibilities out there too. An empowered, knowledgeable CAD team will
embrace a CAD standard more easily than a CAD team who are not.

Always remember this important piece of CAD manager knowledge: -

“What happens if we train them and they leave?”
The CAD manager’s response, “What happens if we DON’T train them and they STAY?”

Conclusion

Your CAD standard is a professional representation of you and your company or

organization. It represents how diligent you are and how thorough you are. Build it well,
and it will work. Be patient with your CAD team and be willing to listen to their opinions
and views on how to move forward. They are the people using that CAD standard every
day, so appreciate that they want the easiest way forward, just as you do.

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AutoCAD needs YOU!

Want to be featured by AutoCAD?

We want to hear your story!

Go to: autode.sk/autocadstory

The AutoCAD team is looking for more stories from customers like you to share on
the website, blog, and in marketing materials. I’m sure all of you here can think of
a cool project you’ve worked on using AutoCAD that could be featured. Get out
your phone and put in this link: autode.sk/autocadstory to submit your project.
AutoCAD is looking for a variety of stories from all different parts of the world, so I
encourage you to fill out the link and get your work featured.

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Thank you for attending my class!

My contact details are as follows: -

Shaun Bryant
Director – CADFMconsultants Limited, UK

Email: shaun.bryant@cadfmconsult.co.uk
Skype: shaunbryant
Cell: +44 (0)7951 945179
Web: www.cadfmconsult.co.uk
Twitter: @notjustcad
Instagram: notjustcad

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