STATE GOAL 16: Understand events, trends, individuals and movements shaping

the history of Illinois, the United States and other nations.

Why This Goal Is Important: George Santayana said "those who cannot remember the past
are condemned to repeat it." In a broader sense, students who can examine and analyze the
events of the past have a powerful tool for understanding the events of today and the future.
They develop an understanding of how people, nations, actions and interactions have led to
today's realities. In the process, they can better define their own roles as participating citizens.

HISTORICAL ERAS
Local, State and United States History (US)
• Early history in the Americas to 1620
• Colonial history and settlement to 1763
• The American Revolution and early national period to 1820s
• National expansion from 1815 to 1850
• The Civil War and Reconstruction from 1850 to 1877
• Development of the industrial United States from 1865 to 1914
• The emergence of the United States as a world power from 1890 to 1920
• Prosperity, depression, the New Deal and World War II from 1920 to 1945
• Post World War II and the Cold War from 1945 to 1968
• Contemporary United States from 1968 to present

World History (W)

• Prehistory to 2000 BCE
• Early civilizations, nonwestern empires, and tropical civilizations
• The rise of pastoral peoples to 1000 BCE
• Classical civilizations from 1000 BCE to 500 CE
• Fragmentation and interaction of civilizations from 500 to 1100 CE
• Centralization of power in different regions from 1000 to 1500 CE
• Early modern world from 1450 to 1800
• Global unrest, change and revolution from 1750 to 1850
• Global encounters and imperialism and their effects from 1850 to 1914
• The twentieth century to 1945
• The contemporary world from 1945 to the present

A. Apply the skills of historical analysis and interpretation.

EARLY LATE MIDDLE/JUNIOR EARLY HIGH LATE HIGH
ELEMENTARY ELEMENTARY HIGH SCHOOL SCHOOL SCHOOL
16.A.1a Explain the 16.A.2a Read 16.A.3a Describe how 16.A.4a Analyze and 16.A.5a Analyze
difference between historical stories and historians use models report historical events historical and
past, present and determine events for organizing to determine cause- contemporary
future time; place which influenced their historical interpretation and-effect developments using
themselves in time. writing. (e.g., biographies, relationships. methods of historical
political events, issues inquiry (pose
and conflicts). questions, collect and
analyze data, make
and support inferences
with evidence, report
findings).
16.A.1b Ask historical 16.A.2b Compare 16.A.3b Make 16.A.4b Compare 16.A.5b Explain the
questions and seek different stories about inferences about competing historical tentative nature of
out answers from a historical figure or historical events and interpretations of an historical
historical sources event and analyze eras using historical event. interpretations.
(e.g., myths, differences in the maps and other
biographies, stories, portrayals and historical sources.
old photographs, perspectives they
artwork, other visual or present.
electronic sources).
16.A.1c Describe how 16.A.2c Ask 16.A.3c Identify the
people in different questions and seek differences between
times and places answers by collecting historical fact and
viewed the world in and analyzing data interpretation.
different ways. from historic
documents, images
and other literary and
non-literary sources.

B. Understand the development of significant political events.

EARLY LATE MIDDLE/JUNIOR EARLY HIGH LATE HIGH
ELEMENTARY ELEMENTARY HIGH SCHOOL SCHOOL SCHOOL
16.B.1a (US) Identify 16.B.2a (US) 16.B.3a (US) 16.B.4 (US) Identify 16.B.5a (US)
key individuals and Describe how the Describe how different political ideas that Describe how modern
events in the European colonies in groups competed for have dominated political positions are
development of the North America power within the United States historical affected by differences
local community (e.g., developed politically. colonies and how that eras (e.g., Federalist, in ideologies and
Founders days, names competition led to the Jacksonian, viewpoints that have
of parks, streets, development of Progressivist, New developed over time
public buildings). political institutions Deal, New (e.g., political parties’
during the early Conservative). positions on
national period. government
intervention in the
economy).
16.B.1b (US) Explain 16.B.2b (US) Identify 16.B.3b (US) Explain 16.B.5b (US) Analyze
why individuals, major causes of the how and why the how United States
groups, issues and American Revolution colonies fought for political history has
events are celebrated and describe the con- their independence been influenced by the
with local, state or sequences of the and how the colonists’ nation’s economic,
national holidays or Revolution through the ideas are reflected in social and
days of recognition early national period, the Declaration of environmental history.
(e.g., Lincoln’s including the roles of Independence and the
Birthday, Martin Luther George Washington, United States
King’s Birthday, Thomas Jefferson and Constitution.
Pulaski Day, Fourth of Benjamin Franklin.
July, Memorial Day,
Labor Day, Veterans’
Day, Thanksgiving).
16.B.2c (US) Identify 16.B.3c (US)
presidential elections Describe the way the
that were pivotal in the Constitution has
formation of modern changed over time as
political parties. a result of
amendments and
Supreme Court
decisions.
 16.B.2d (US) Identify 16.B.3d (US)
major political events Describe ways in
and leaders within the which the United
United States historical States developed as a
eras since the world political power.
adoption of the
Constitution, including
the westward
expansion, Louisiana
Purchase, Civil War,
and 20th century wars
as well as the roles of
Thomas Jefferson,
Abraham Lincoln,
Woodrow Wilson, and
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
16.B.1 (W) Explain 16.B.2a (W) Describe 16.B.3a (W) Compare 16.B.4a (W) Identify 16.B.5a (W) Analyze
the contributions of the historical develop- the political character- political ideas that worldwide conse-
individuals and groups ment of monarchies, istics of Greek and began during the quences of isolated
who are featured in oligarchies and city- Roman civilizations Renaissance and the political events,
biographies, legends, states in ancient with non-Western Enlightenment and including the events
folklore and traditions. civilizations. civilizations, including that persist today (e.g., triggering the
the early Han dynasty church/state Napoleonic Wars and
and Gupta empire, relationships). World Wars I and II.
between 500 BCE and
500 CE.
16.B.2b (W) Describe 16.B.3b (W) Identify 16.B.4b (W) Identify 16.B.5b (W) Describe
the origins of Western causes and effects of political ideas from the how tensions in the
political ideas and the decline of the early modern historical modern world are
institutions (e.g. Greek Roman empire and era to the present affected by different
democracy, Roman other major world which have had political ideologies
republic, Magna Carta political events (e.g., worldwide impact (e.g., including democracy
and Common Law, the rise of the Islamic nationalism/Sun Yat- and totalitarianism.
Enlightenment). empire, rise and Sen, non-
decline of the T’ang violence/Ghandi,
dynasty, establishment independence/Kenyatt
of the kingdom of a).
Ghana) between 500
CE and 1500 CE.
16.B.3c (W) Identify 16.B.5c (W) Analyze
causes and effects of the relationship of an
European feudalism issue in world political
and the emergence of history to the related
nation states between aspects of world
500 CE and 1500 CE. economic, social and
environmental history.
16.B.3d (W) Describe
political effects of
European exploration
and expansion on the
Americas, Asia, and
Africa after 1500 CE.
C. Understand the development of economic systems.
EARLY LATE MIDDLE/JUNIOR EARLY HIGH LATE HIGH
ELEMENTARY ELEMENTARY HIGH SCHOOL SCHOOL SCHOOL
16.C.1a (US) 16.C.2a (US) 16.C.3a (US) 16.C.4a (US) Explain 16.C.5a (US) Analyze
Describe how Native Describe how slavery Describe economic how trade patterns how and why the role
American people in and indentured motivations that developed between of the United States in
Illinois engaged in servitude influenced attracted Europeans the Americas and the the world economy
economic activities the early economy of and others to the rest of the global has changed since
with other tribes and the United States. Americas, 1500-1750. economy, 1500 - 1840. World War II.
traders in the region
prior to the Black
Hawk War.
16.C.1b (US) Explain 16.C.2b (US) Explain 16.C.3b (US) Explain 16.C.4b (US) Analyze 16.C.5b (US) Analyze
how the economy of how individuals, relationships among the impact of westward the relationship
the students’ local including John Deere, the American economy expansion on the between an issue in
community has Thomas Edison, and slavery, United States United States
changed over time. Robert McCormack, immigration, economy. economic history and
George Washington industrialization, labor the related aspects of
Carver and Henry and urbanization, political, social and
Ford, contributed to 1700-present. environmental history.
economic change
through ideas,
inventions and
entrepreneurship.
16.C.2c (US) 16.C.3c (US) 16.C.4c (US)
Describe significant Describe how Describe how
economic events economic American economic
including developments and institutions were
industrialization, government policies shaped by
immigration, the Great after 1865 affected the industrialists, union
Depression, the shift to country’s economic leaders and groups
a service economy institutions including including Southern
and the rise of corporations, banks migrants, Dust Bowl
technology that and organized labor. refugees, agricultural
influenced history from workers from Mexico
the industrial develop- and female workers
ment era to the since 1914.
present.
16.C.1a (W) Identify 16.C.2a (W) Describe 16.C.3a (W) Describe 16.C.4a (W) Describe 16.C.5a (W) Explain
how people and the economic conse- major economic trends the growing how industrial
groups in the past quences of the first from 1000 to 1500 CE dominance of capitalism became the
made economic agricultural revolution, including long distance American and dominant economic
choices (e.g., crops to 4000 BCE-1000 BCE. trade, banking, European capitalism model in the world.
plant, products to specialization of labor, and their institutions
make, products to commercialization, after 1500.
trade) to survive and urbanization and tech-
improve their lives. nological and scientific
progress.
16.C.1b (W) Explain 16.C.2b (W) Describe 16.C.3b (W) Describe 16.C.4b (W) Compare 16.C.5b (W) Describe
how trade among the basic economic the economic systems socialism and com- how historical trends in
people brought an systems of the world’s and trade patterns of munism in Europe, population,
exchange of ideas, great civilizations North America, South America, Asia and urbanization,
technology and including America and Africa after 1815 CE. economic develop-
language. Mesopotamia, Egypt, Mesoamerica before ment and
Aegean/Mediterranean the encounter with the technological
and Asian civilizations, Europeans. advancements have
1000 BCE - 500 CE. caused change in
world economic
systems.
 16.C.2c (W) Describe 16.C.3c (W) Describe 16.C.4c (W) Describe 16.C.5c (W) Analyze
basic economic the impact of tech- the impact of key the relationship
changes that led to nology (e.g., individuals/ideas from between an issue in
and resulted from the weaponry, 1500 - present, world economic history
manorial agricultural transportation, printing including Adam Smith, and the related
system, the industrial press, microchips) in Karl Marx and John aspects of political,
revolution, the rise of different parts of the Maynard Keynes. social and
the capitalism and the world, 1500 - present. environmental history.
information/communic
ation revolution.
16.C.4d (W) Describe
how the maturing
economies of Western
Europe and Japan led
to colonialism and
imperialism.

D. Understand Illinois, United States and world social history.

EARLY LATE MIDDLE/JUNIOR EARLY HIGH LATE HIGH
ELEMENTARY ELEMENTARY HIGH SCHOOL SCHOOL SCHOOL
16.D.1 (US) Describe 16.D.2a (US) 16.D.3a (US) 16.D.4a (US) 16.D.5 (US) Analyze
key figures and Describe the various Describe Describe the the relationship
organizations (e.g., individual motives for characteristics of immediate and long- between an issue in
fraternal/civic settling in colonial different kinds of range social impacts of United States social
organizations, public America. communities in various slavery. history and the related
service groups, sections of America aspects of political,
community leaders) in during the economic and
the social history of the colonial/frontier environmental history.
local community. periods and the 19th
century.
16.D.2b (US) 16.D.3b (US) 16.D.4b (US)
Describe the ways in Describe Describe unintended
which participation in characteristics of social consequences
the westward different kinds of of political events in
movement affected families in America United States history
families and during the (e.g., Civil
communities. colonial/frontier War/emancipation,
periods and the 19th National Defense
century. Highway Act/decline of
inner cities, Vietnam
War/anti-government
activity).
16.D.2c (US)
Describe the influence
of key individuals and
groups, including
Susan B.
Anthony/suffrage and
Martin Luther King,
Jr./civil rights, in the
historical eras of
Illinois and the United
States.
16.D.1 (W) Identify 16.D.2 (W) Describe 16.D.3 (W) Identify 16.D.4 (W) Identify 16.D.5 (W) Analyze
how customs and the various roles of the origins and significant events and the relationship
traditions from around men, women and analyze consequences developments since between an issue in
the world influence the children in the family, of events that have 1500 that altered world world social history
local community. at work, and in the shaped world social social history in ways and the related
community in various history including that persist today aspects of political,
time periods and famines, migrations, including colonization, economic and
places (e.g., ancient plagues, slave trading. Protestant environmental history.
Rome, Medieval Reformation,
Europe, ancient China, industrialization, the
Sub-Saharan Africa). rise of technology and
human rights
movements.

E. Understand Illinois, United States and world environmental history.

EARLY LATE MIDDLE/JUNIOR EARLY HIGH LATE HIGH
ELEMENTARY ELEMENTARY HIGH SCHOOL SCHOOL SCHOOL
16.E.1 (US) Describe 16.E.2a (US) Identify 16.E.3a (US) 16.E.4a (US) 16.E.5a (US) Analyze
how the local environ- environmental factors Describe how early Describe the causes positive and negative
ment has changed that drew settlers to settlers in Illinois and and effects of aspects of human
over time. the state and region. the United States conservation and effects on the
adapted to, used and environmental environment in the
changed the movements in the United States including
environment prior to United States, 1900 - damming rivers,
1818. present. fencing prairies and
building cities.
16.E.2b (US) Identify 16.E.3b (US) 16.E.4b (US) 16.E.5b (US) Analyze
individuals and events Describe how the Describe different and the relationship
in the development of largely rural population sometimes competing between an issue in
the conservation of the United States views, as United States
movement including adapted, used and substantiated by environmental history
John Muir, Theodore changed the scientific fact, that and the related
Roosevelt and the environment after people in North aspects of political,
creation of the 1818. America have economic and social
National Park System. historically held history.
towards the
environment (e.g.,
private and public land
ownership and use,
resource use vs.
preservation).
16.E.2c (US) 16.E.3c (US)
Describe Describe the impact of
environmental factors urbanization and
that influenced the suburbanization, 1850
development of trans- - present, on the
portation and trade in environment.
Illinois.
16.E.1 (W) Compare 16.E.2a (W) Describe 16.E.3a (W) Describe 16.E.4a (W) Describe 16.E.5a (W) Analyze
depictions of the how people in hunting how the people of the how cultural how technological and
natural environment and gathering and Huang He, Tigris- encounters among scientific
that are found in early pastoral societies Euphrates, Nile and peoples of the world developments have
myths, legends, adapted to their Indus river valleys (e.g., Colombian affected human
folklore and traditions. respective shaped their exchange, opening of productivity, human
environments. environments during China and Japan to comfort and the
the agricultural external trade, building environment.
revolution, 4000 - 1000 of Suez canal) affected
BCE. the environment, 1500
- present.
16.E.2b (W) Identify 16.E.3b (W) Explain 16.E.4b (W) Describe 16.E.5b (W) Analyze
individuals and their how expanded how migration has the relationship
inventions (e.g., European and Asian altered the world’s between an issue in
Watt/steam engine, contacts affected the environment since world environmental
Nobel/TNT, environment of both 1450. history and the related
Edison/electric light) continents, 1000 BCE aspects of political,
which influenced world - 1500 CE. economic and social
environmental history. history.