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Additional Progress Exercises Chapter 2
P.E. 2.2 Strai
Strai ght lines,
lines, E qua
uatti ons,
ns, Slop
Slopes and I nte
nter cep
cepts
1. Determine which of the following functions do not lie on the given line
(a) Points (Q
(Q, P ):
): A =
A = (10, 25), B
25), B = (30, 20) and line P
line P =
= 30 – 0.5Q
0.5Q
(b) Points (Q
(Q, TC ) : A
: A =
= (5, 15), B
15), B = (5, 20) and line TC =
= 10 + 2Q
2Q
2. (a) y
(a) y =
= 5 x – 5:
5: For the graph, plot y
plot y vs.
vs. x
x:: See Fig PE Q 2(a) M
m = 5; y(0)
y(0) = – 5;
5; x(0)
x(0) = 1.
(b) x
(b) x =
= 0.2 y +
y + 1. For the graph plot x
plot x vs.
vs. y
y:: see Figure PEQ2(b) M
Comment: the intercepts areare the values of one variable when the
the other variable is zero. The
slope is the change in the vertical variable when the horizontal variable
v ariable increases by one unit.
So, in (a) y
(a) y increases
increases by 5 units when x
when x increases by 1 unit. In (b) x
(b) x increases
increases by 0.2 units when y
when y
increases by one unit
1 1
– 5 – 5
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Additional Progress Exercises Chapter 2
P.E 2.3: Strai
Strai ght lines
lines D emand and Supp
Supply
1. (a) P =
= 16 – 0.2Q
0.2Q (b) Price drops by 0.2 when the quantity
P demanded increases by 1 unit.
unit. This is the
16 P
value of the slope.
Q
Q (c) When P
When P =
= 0, Q = 80.
80
0 (d) When Q = 0, P
0, P =
= 16.
1. A consumption
consumption function is modelled
modelled by the equation, C =
= C o + bY .
(a) Given that autonomous consumption is is 100 units and the MPC
the MPC =
= 0.75, write down the
equations for (i) the consumption function and (ii) the sav ings function.
(b) Define the term MPC.
term MPC. Write down the equation which expresses MPC
expresses MPC in terms of
changes in income and consumption.
(c) Calculate the change in consumption and savings when national income increases
from £20m to £80m.
C = MPC
= MPC Y =
= 0.75 60 = £45m. and S = MPS
= MPS Y =
= 0.35 60 = £15m
2. (a) S =
= – 20
20 + 0.2Y
0.2Y and C = Y - S , then C =
= 20 + 0.8Y
0.8Y .
(d) S >
> 0 when Y >
> 100.
3. (a) MPC =
= 0.8. (b)
C
S C
When Y =
= £30m, then,
120
(i) C = MPC
= MPC (
(Y )=
)= 0.8 30 = £24m. 100
80
(ii) S = MPS
= MPS (
(Y ) = 0.2 30 = £6m. 60 S
40 Y
20
-20 0 30 60 90
P.E. 2.5: The equation of a line from two points or one point and slope, with applications
PE 2.5 Solutions
1 (a) y =
y = 4 x +
x + 10: m = 4, y
4, y(0)
(0) = 10, x
10, x(0)
(0) = – 2.5.
2.5. See Figure PE2.5 Q2(a)M
Q2(a)M
1 (c) P
(c) P =
= 0.4Q
0.4Q – 2:
2: m = 0.4, P
0.4, P (0)
(0) = – 2.
2. Q(0) = 5. See Figure PE2.5 Q2(a)M
Q P
10 8 P 5 Q
0 0
– 2
– 2.5
2.5
0 – 80
80
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P
Figure PE2.5 Q2M
15
5
Q
– 5 10
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