Dee Hwa Liong Academy

Sta. Maria Compound, Marcos Highway Pasig City

Awareness on the effects of

Electronic waste in the Colleges
in Marikina City

Submitted by:
Leader: Andrea Korrine Arquiza
Asst. Leader: Stephanie Cordova
Members:
Jeffrey Carias
Mae Diolata
Sodina Angela Empaz
Roldan Uriarte

12 STEM – ALEXANDRITE

Mr. Carlo J. Cinco

Research Teacher
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction .................................................................................................. 1

Background of the study.................................................................................................. 1

Statement of the problem ................................................................................................ 3

Significance of the study ................................................................................................. 4

Scope and delimitation .................................................................................................... 4

II. Conceptual framework.................................................................................. 5

Review of related literature and studies .......................................................................... 5

Theoretical framework of the study ............................................................................... 13

Conceptual models of the study .................................................................................... 14

Research hypothesis ..................................................................................................... 16

Definition of terms ......................................................................................................... 16

III. Research design ......................................................................................... 17

Method of research used.............................................................................................. 17

Sources of data ............................................................................................................. 18

Data gathering instrument ............................................................................................. 18

Data gathering procedure.............................................................................................. 18

IV. Presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data ................................... 19

Presentation .................................................................................................................. 19

Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 41
Interpretation ................................................................................................................. 42

V. Summary, conclusions and recommendations ....................................... 43

Summary ....................................................................................................................... 43

Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 44

Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 45
 CHAPTER 1:

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

This chapters contains the background of the study, the statement of the problem,

the significant of the study, and the scope and delimitations.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Electronic waste management is one of the invisible problem in our country,

Philippines. This problem effects the environment, health, and management of waste in

the Philippines. E-waste management has not familiar in some resident because this is

the waste that has a lack of knowledge especially how e-waste disposed, or how e-waste

disposed in a proper ways. This study wants to show the awareness one of some student

in colleges in Marikina city because they are one of the resident or the one who can

experience the effect of improper disposal of e-waste.

E-waste is the electrical and electronic equipment that contains hazardous

elements. It described as an old or discarded electrical appliances/equipment (Celestial

2018). E-waste has a substance such as Lead ( Pb ), Mercury ( Hg ),Lithium ( Li), Arsenic

( As), Cadmium ( Cd ) and Selenium ( Se ) that are hazardous to human’s health and to

the environment. According to (Premacumara 2016), e-waste is discarded by two

categories: 1.) ybCorporate consumer, that includes commercial, industrial, and

government entities, and 2.) Private or household consumers.

 According to Vijay N. Bhoi et al. (2014), most of the waste is inherently dangerous.

It will degrade to provide leachate, which can contaminate water, and make lowland gas,

that is explosive. Additionally, owing to the risks related to lowland sites, there are

currently terribly strict needs on the development, operation and medical care of such

sites. Most designing authorities desire a figured out quarry to be used for landscaping

instead of a lowland web site that nobody desires in their “back yard”. Product style should

be used to assist to reduce not solely the character and quantity of waste, however

conjointly to maximize end-of-life utilization. Makers, retailers, users, and disposers ought

to share responsibility for reducing Research. The environmental impacts of

merchandise. A product-centered approach ought to be adopted to preserve and shield

setting.

Sivakumaran Sivaramanan (2013) confirmed that the public awareness and

cooperation of manufactures are essential for the advancement of e-waste management

system. And also it is the responsibility of government to allocate sufficient grants and

protecting the internationally agreed environmental legislations within their borders.

Licensing of certification like stewardship may ensure the security to prevent illegal

smugglers and handlers of e-waste. This e-wastes are the known major source of heavy

metals, hazardous chemicals and carcinogens, certainly diseases related to skin,

respiratory, intestinal, immune, and endocrine and nervous systems including cancers

can be prevented by proper management and disposal of e-waste.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to determine the level of awareness on the effects of e-waste generated

from cellular phones, laptops, and personal computers in colleges in Marikina city.

Specifically, it sought answers for the following questions:

1. What are the profile of the students based on:

a. Age

b. Gender

c. College program

2. What are the common disposal method of E-waste used by the college students

of Marikina city?

3. What is the level of awareness of the college students to the effects of E-waste in

terms of :

a. Health

b. Environment

4. Is there a significant difference with the response of the students based on their:

a. Age

b. College program

c. Gender
SIGNIFCANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will able to give details about the effect of e-waste in the environment

and in health. Specifically it will benefit the following:

Students – this study will help the students to dispose e-waste properly. This study will

able to inform those students who does not have enough knowledge about on how to

dispose e-waste properly using different waste of disposal method.

Community – this study will inform them about the proper disposal method and the

hazardous effect of e-waste in their community.

Future researchers – this study can give an ideas for those who will make a research

with regards in e-waste management and awareness.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

This research will focus on the awareness on the effects of e-waste generated from

cellular phones, laptops, and personal computers in colleges in Marikina city. The data

which be utilized in this study will be gathered from students in colleges in Marikina city

through a modified questionnaire.

This study will only limits the level of awareness and knowledge of the college students

in Marikina specially this study can show what would be the status of e-waste

management in Marikina using the respondent’s knowledge about e-waste management.

It will gathered from September to October of school year 2019.

 CHAPTER 2:

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This presents the review of related literature and studies, theoretical framework of

the study, conceptual models of the study, hypothesis, and the definition of terms.

Review of related literature

Indian electronic waste, more than 95% of India’s e-waste is processed by a widely

distributed network of informal workers of waste pickers. They are often referred to as

“kabadiwalas” or “raddiwalas” who collect, dismantle and recycle it and operate illegally

outside of any regulated or formal organizational system. Little has changed since India

introduced e-waste management legislation in 2016. They visited e-waste dismantlers on

Delhin’s outskirts. Along the narrow and congested alleyways in Seelampur they

encountered hundreds of people, including children, handling different types of electronic

waste including discarded televisions, air-conditions, computers, phones and batteries.

Open fires create toxic smoke, and locals reported high rates of respiratory problems.

Alankrita Soni, author provided Squatting outside shop units they were busy dismantling

these products and sorting circuit boards, capacitors, metals and other components

(without proper tools, gloves, face masks or suitable footwear) to be sold on to others

traders for further recycling. Local people said the waste comes here from all over India.

“You should have come here early morning, when the trucks arrive with all the waste,” a

trolley driver told us. Seelampur is the largest e-waste dismantling market in India. Each

day e-waste is dumped by the truckload for thousands of workers using crude methods
to extract reusable components and precious metals such as copper, tin, silver, gold,

titanium and palladium. The process involves acid burning and open incineration, creating

toxic gases with severe health and environmental consequences.

Many of them think that they know what electronic waste is because they have

been wonder what to do with devices that is no longer want or need. It’s the old cellphone

and its charger stuffed in the drawer. It’s that old laptop, monitor or printer packed behind

the door or in the basement. It’s also all those things we throw out that are exported

overseas, and picked over by people who are either desperate for work, despite the health

and environmental risks, or at the forefront of a new green economy, depending on the

narrative you hear. Domestic e-waste generated per country (in kilotons) in 2016. Data

from Global E-waste Monitor 2017. Josh Lepawsky but it is far more than all of that. Waste

arises ubiquitously, but unevenly, throughout the lives of electronics, not only when users

discard their devices. No amount of post-consumer recycling can recoup the waste

generated before consumers purchase their devices. Waste from mining data on waste

generation typically separate producer wastes, such as those from mining, and consumer

wastes such as those from households. But there are problems with such division. It

makes the mistakes of thinking producer waste and consumer waste are two separate

things instead of flip sides of the same coin in industrial systems. It also makes the

mistakes of presuming consumers have much in the way of meaningful choice in what

their electronics are made of. Electronics contain a wide variety of materials. One

important example is cooper. The electronics industry is the second-largest consumer of

cooper. Only the building and construction sector uses more. About 30 percent of world

cooper consumption is satisfied from recycling cooper scrap. The rest needs to be mined.
A United States Geological Survey (USGS) study claims that for every kilogram of cooper

mined, at least 210 kilograms of mine waste arise.

Fixing the waste issue, post-consumer recycling of electronics will never be

enough, we need to be able to repair and upgrade- the devices we already have, if we

are slow our production of e-waste. Innovation initiatives that facilitate reuse and repair

while also finding ways to offset e-waste that arises do exist. More are needed. In the

U.S, the Repair Association is doing the hard work of advocating for consumers to have

the right to repair the devices they purchase by enshrining those rights into law. That said,

an e-waste recycler in California now faces a 15-moths prison sentence and a US$50,000

fine in his efforts to extend the lives of computers. The automobile, food and

pharmaceutical industries have to show their products meet certain safety standards

before they are put on the market. Why not demand the same of the electronics industry?

Requiring electronics manufacturers to make products that are materially safer, durable

and repairable would be important steps in mitigating waste from electronics throughout

their life cycle in ways that post-consumer recycling on its own will never achieves.

Electronic waste was at first just dumped in landfill sites. But the danger of the

highly-toxic elements in e-waste escaping landfill sites-into the water table, for example

– meant that tighter controls were needed. Problems related to e-waste disposal in

developing countries are worse, and already cause significant environmental and health

problems. The open burning of plastics, widespread general dumping, malpractices

associated with improper dismantling and treatment of e-waste as observed in countries

such as China, India and Nigeria can result in series health consequences. Places such

as Guiyu in China and Agbogbloshie in Ghana have become notorious for their
unregulated, heavily polluted, sweatshop-dominated, digital dumps. Metals do not

degrade in the environment and so can accumulate contaminating the soil and

groundwater, bio accumulating in the creatures living in them.

E-waste contains more than 1,000 different substances. These include toxic

metals such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, hexavalent chromium and flame retardants used

in the plastics. There are growing concerns that most of the e-waste generated in

developed countries is ending up developing countries. Some of the e-waste collected for

recycling in Australia may end up in these countries (though this may be resolved once

new resolved once new regulations become effective). These countries are economically

challenged and lack the infrastructure for environmentally sound management of e-waste.

The toxic waste cause adverse socio-economic, public health and environmental impact.

Research studies have identified increased levels trace element such as lead, zinc, silver,

cadmium and cooper number of other chemicals in these environments. On the positive

side, e-waste also contains valuable materials such as gold and palladium which can be

recovered.

Asia- including Philippines, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan,

Bangladesh, Malaysia and Vietnam; and Africa- including Nigeria, Kenya, Senegal and

Ghana – are the latest dumps for e-waste generated in advanced economies.

Managing e-waste in these countries is not easy: most have neither a well-established

system for separation, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste nor any

effective enforcement related to managing e-waste. Most dispose of e-waste alongside

domestic waste in open dumps, causing severe damage to the environment and human

health.
 Threats from the ever growing e-waste stream could only be minimized by

producing less of it: we need to find alternatives o toxic materials. Good examples of this

include lead-free brominated flame retardants in electronics manufacture.

As consumers they need to make a contribution to lessen the e-waste by practices

such as sustainable consumption and 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle).Don’t buy what you

don’t need, and recycle devices that have reached the end of their life.

Review of related studies

According to Celestial et.al (2018) E-waste has become the fastest growing waste

stream in the industrialized world. E-waste described as old and discarded electrical

appliances or products. These electronic waste have been a growing problem worldwide

most especially in most developed countries like China, America, Japan and here in the

Philippines. These products are present in almost aspect of human lives. When these

products becomes obsolete, they are reused, recycled and landfilled or restored.

According to Chowdhury et.al (2017) Electronic waste is a rising issue in our world

as a brand new challenge in our society for the twenty first (21 st) century. Electronic

products has a different chemical properties that is risky and can lead to a fateful

environmental consequences. Electronic waste, while recycling, it is dangerous because

of the chemical properties which contains of several cancer-causing agents and other

disease-related.

According to Subhaprada et.al (2016) e-waste as the rapid electronic product that

create a general issue on e-waste management due to the presence of hazardous

chemicals found in electronic waste. Their study is to describe the awareness regarding

then existence and to measure effect of health educational intervention.

According to

Theoretical framework of the study

Figure 1: The flowchart of showing the possible outcome on the awareness on the

effects of e-waste in colleges in Marikina City.

E-waste Awareness
The effect of e-waste To determine the
in health and awareness of colleges
environment in Marikina City

Level of awareness on
the effects of e-waste
in colleges in Marikina
City

As seen in figure 1,

Conceptual models of the study

Figure 2: Conceptual Framework for the development of self-made questionnaire.

 Input Throughput
Research Listing different Output
words/phrases research
about the effects of Developed a self-
words/phrases of
e-waste in health made
the effects of e-
and environment. questionnaire
waste in health and
environment.

Figure 2 shows the development of self-made questionnaire. The input is the

researches about the effects of e-waste in health and environment. It consist of 5 (five)

different statements of effects of e-waste in terms of health and 5 (five) different

statements of effects of e-waste in terms of environment. The process shows the

preparation of self-made questionnaire. The output of the process is the developed self-

made questionnaire.

Figure 3: Conceptual framework for the validation of letter in some teachers in Dee

Hwa Liong Academy

Throughput
Output
Input The questionnaire
Ready to
have been
Self-made distribute the
validated to some
questionnaire in
questionnaire teachers in Dee
colleges in
Hwa Liong
Marikina City
Academy.
 Figure 3 shows the conceptual framework for the validation of questionnaire in

some teachers in Dee Hwa Liong Academy. The input is the process used to approve the

self-made questionnaire and ready to distribute the self-made questionnaire in colleges

in Marikina city. It consists of the best sentences of effects of e-waste in health and

environment. The output will be the best self-made questionnaire and is ready to

distribute.

Figure 4: Conceptual framework of the questionnaire that distributed in colleges in

Marikina City.

Throughput Output
The questionnaire Level of awareness
Input were distributed on the effects of e-
Questionnaire to the respondents waste in colleges
in colleges in in Marikina City
Marikina City.

Figure 4 shows the conceptual framework of the questionnaire that distributed in

colleges in Marikina city. The gathering of data for this study will get from the college

students in Marikina city. The output will be the awareness on the effects of e-waste in

health and environment in colleges in Marikina city.

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference between the demographics of the college

students in Marikina city and their response with regards to the effects of e-waste in health

and environment since the problem of electronic waste is in worldwide but it can be solve

through e-waste management.

Definition of terms

E-waste – refers to electronics such as computers, televisions, video game consoles,

monitors, VCR/DVD players, cell phones, printers and scanners, fax machines, and other

electrical devices that operate using a program and PWB board but the researchers are

focused on three( mobile phones, Personal computers, and laptops ).

Lead (Pb) – is a chemical property that can be found in electronic waste specifically in

most gaskets of computer monitors.

Cadmium (Cd) – is a chemical property that can be found in chip resistors and

semiconductors of an electronic waste.

Mercury (Hg) – is a chemical property that can be found in relays and switches, printed

circuit boards.
 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

Research design

This chapter consists of the method of research used, the sources of data, data

gathering instrument, and data gathering procedure.

Method of research used

According to McCombes (2019) descriptive design is a design that aims to

accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon. It can

answer what, when, where, when and how questions, but not why questions. It is use to

investigate one or more variables. It does not control or manipulate any variables, but

only observes and measures them.

According to Shuttleworth (2008) said that descriptive research design is a

scientific method which involves observing and describing the behavior of a subject

without influencing it in any way.

This study is considered as a descriptive research design since the researchers

only want to determine the awareness on the effect of e-waste in health and environment

in colleges in Marikina City. This study also wants to identify possible and existing

disposal method that can be used in electronic waste problem in our country. Lastly, it

gives information and defines electronic waste and its impact to human health and

environment.
Sources of data

The source of data in this research were from the colleges in Marikina City. The

researchers conducted this study in different college schools/universities in Marikina City.

Five (5) students from different college schools/universities in Marikina City were selected

as a source of data in determining the awareness on the effect of e-waste in health and

in environment. In determining the awareness on the effect of e-waste in health and in

environment, the researchers gathered the data from five (5) students from different

college schools/universities in Marikina City to answer the questionnaire. The researchers

used a purposive sampling method since the target respondents are the college students.

Data Gathering Instrument

To come up with the valid and reliable data, the researchers used a survey

questionnaire. It has been validated by some teachers in Dee Hwa Liong Academy to

gather the specific data in determining the awareness on the effects of e-waste in health

and environment in colleges in Marikina city.

Data Gathering Procedure

The first step in making this study is to make a self-made questionnaire. The

researchers also made a validation letter to validate the self-made questionnaire. Upon

the approval of the questionnaire by the teachers in Dee Hwa Liong Academy, the

researchers distributed the questionnaire in colleges in Marikina City. Five (5) students

from different college schools/ universities in Marikina City were selected as a

respondents in this study.

 CHAPTER 4

This chapter consist of presentation, analysis and interpretation of the data.

PRESENTATION

Awareness according on the effects of electronic waste in health and

environment in terms of sex of college students in Marikina City.

Table 1: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in health number 1 in terms of sex.

SEX 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

MALE 32.14% 57.14% 10.71% 0%

FEMALE 33.33% 38.89% 16.67% 5.56%

The table 1 shows that the 32.14% of male students and 33.33% of female

students are highly aware. 57.14% of male students and 38.89% of female students are

aware. 10.71% of male students and 16.67% are slightly aware 0% of male students and

5.56% of female students are not aware. This table shows that majority of students in

Marikina City are aware that electronic waste has a chemical properties such as lead,

mercury, lithium, arsenic, selenium and cadmium that can cause cancers.

Table 2: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in health number 2 in terms of sex.

 SEX 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

MALE 28.57% 42.86% 21.43% 7.14%

FEMALE 33.33% 50% 5.56% 5.56%

The table 2 shows that the 28.57% of male students and 33.33% of female

students are highly aware, 42.86% of male students and 50% of female students are

aware, 21.43% of male students and 5.56% of female students are slightly aware,

7.14% of male students and 5.56% of female students are not aware. This table shows

that the majority of the students in Marikina City are aware that electronic waste can

affect negatively the mental development of the children.

Table 3: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in health number 3 in terms of sex.

SEX 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

MALE 32.14% 46.43% 21.43% 0%

FEMALE 11.11% 66.67% 11.11% 5.56%

The table 3 shows that 32.14% of male students and 11.11% of female students

are highly aware, 46.43% of male students and 66.67% of female students are aware,

21.43% of male students and 11.11% of female students are slightly aware, 0% of male

students and 5.56% of female students are not aware. This table shows that the
majority of the student s in Marikina City are aware that electronic waste can cause

damage to the brain once a person inhale or induce the said chemicals.

Table 4: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in health number 4 in terms of sex.

SEX 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

MALE 17.86% 57.14% 2.5% 0%

FEMALE 22.22% 38.89% 16.67% 11.11%

Table 4 shows that 17.86% of male students and 22.22% of female students are

highly aware, 57.14% of male students and 38.89% of female students are aware, 2.5%

of male students and 16.67% of female students are slightly aware, 0% of male students

and 11.11% of female students are not aware. This table shows that the majority of the

students in Marikina City are aware that electronic waste can cause respiratory and skin

disorders.

Table 5: Tally of the answers of the students according on the effects of

electronic waste in health number 5 in terms of sex.

SEX 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

MALE 28.57% 46.43% 17.86% 0%

FEMALE 16.67% 38.89% 33.33% 5.56%

 Table 5 shows that 28.57% of male students and 16.67% of female students are

highly aware, 46.43% of male students and 38.89% of female students are aware,

17.86% of male students and 33.33% of female students are slightly aware, 0% of male

students and 5.56% of female students are not aware. The table shows that the majority

of the students in Marikina City are aware that electronic waste can cause inflammation

and oxidative stress to human health.

Table 6: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in environment in number 1 in terms of sex.

SEX 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

MALE 42.86% 42.86% 17.86% 0%

FEMALE 38.89% 38.89% 11.11% 5.56%

Table 6 shows that 42.86% of male students and 38.89% of female students are

highly aware, 42.86% of male students and 38.89% of female students are aware,

17.86% of male students and 11.11% of female students are slightly aware, 0% of male

students and 5.56% of female students are not aware. This table shows that the majority

of the students in Marikina City are aware that electronic waste can increase greenhouse

gases.
Table 7: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in environment number 2 in terms of sex.

SEX 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

MALE 50% 42.86% 7.14% 0%

FEMALE 44.45% 33.33% 16.67% 0%

Table 7 shows that 50% of male students and 44.45% of female students are highly

aware, 42.86% of male students and 33.33% of female students are aware, 7.14% of

male students and 16.67% of female students are slightly aware and both 0% of male

and female students are not aware that the toxic chemicals released by an e-waste can

cause air pollution.

Table 8: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in the environment number 3 in terms of sex.

SEX 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

MALE 46.43% 25% 21.43% 7.14%

FEMALE 27.78% 38.89% 27.78% 0%

Table 8 shows that 46.43% of male students and 27.78% of female students are

highly aware, 25% of male students and 38.89% of female students are aware, 21.43%

of male students and 27.78% of female students are slightly aware, 7.14% of male

students and 0% of female students are not aware. The table shows that the majority of
the students in Marikina City are highly aware that when e-waste is thrown into the

landfills, it might affect local resources like water resources.

Table 9: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in the environment on number 4 in terms of sex.

SEX 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

MALE 57.14% 35.71% 7.14% 0%

FEMALE 33.33% 38.89% 22.22% 0%

Table 9 shows that 57.14% of male students and 33.33% of female students are

highly aware, 35.71% of male students and 38.89% of female students are aware, 7.14%

of male students and 22.22% of female students are slightly aware and 0% both of male

and female students are not aware. This table shows that the majority of the students in

Marikina City are highly aware that electronic waste can contaminate soil and water.

Table 10: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in environment on number 5 in terms of sex.

SEX 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

MALE 39.29% 42.86% 10.71% 0%

FEMALE 33.33% 27.78% 33.33% 0%

 Table 10 shows that 39.29% of male students and 33.33% of female students are

highly aware, 42.86% of male students and 27.78% of female students are aware,

10.71% of male students and 33.33% of female students are slightly aware and both 0%

of male and female students are not aware. The table shows that the majority of the

students in Marikina City are highly aware that when e-waste is warmed up, the toxic

chemicals inside it are released into the air, thereby becomes a threat to humans by

having diseases.

Awareness according on the effects of electronic waste in health and

environment in terms of Age of college students in Marikina City.

Table 11: Answers of the students in Marikina City on the effects of electronic waste

in health on number 1 in terms of age of female students.

Age (Female) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 0% 5.56% 5.56% 0%

19 y/o 22.22% 22.22% 5.56% 5.56%

20 y/o 11.11% 0% 11.11% 0%

23 y/o 0% 0% 5.56% 0%

38 y/o 0% 5.56% 0% 0%

The table 11 shows that 0% of 18 y/o, 23 y/o and 38 y/o female students, 22.22%

of 19 y/o female students, and 11.11% of 20 y/o female students are highly aware. 5.56%

of 18 y/o female students, 22.22% of female students, 0% of both 20 y/o and 23 y/o female
students, and 5.56% of female students are aware.5.56% of 18 y/o, 19 y/o and 23 y/o

female students, 11.11% of 20 y/o female students and 0% of female students are slightly

aware. 5.56% of 19 y/o are not aware. The table shows that majority of the students in

Marikina City are aware that e-waste has chemical properties such as lead, mercury,

lithium, arsenic, selenium and cadmium that can cause cancers.

Table 12: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in health on number 2 in terms of age of female students.

Age (Female) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 0% 11.11% 0% 0%

19 y/o 22.22% 27.78% 5.56% 5.56%

20 y/o 11.11% 11.11% 0% 0%

23 y/o 0% 0% 5.56% 0%

38 y/o 0% 5.56% 0% 0%

The table 12 shows that 0% of 18 y/o, 23 y/o and 38 y/o female students, 22.22%

of 19 y/o female students, and 11.11% of 20 y/o female students are highly aware.

11.11% of 18 y/o female students, 27.78% of female students, 11.11% of 20 y/o female

students and 0% of 23 y/o female students, and 5.56% of female students are aware.0%

of 18 y/o, 20 y/o and 38 y/o female students, 5.56% of 19 y/o female students are slightly

aware. 5.56% of 19 y/o are not aware. The table shows that majority of the students in
Marikina City are aware that e-waste can affect negatively the mental development of

children.

Table 13: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in health on number 3 in terms of age of female students.

Age (Female) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 0% 5.56% 5.56% 0%

19 y/o 0% 44.44% 11.11% 5.56%

20 y/o 11.11% 11.11% 0% 0%

23 y/o 0% 0% 5.56% 0%

38 y/o 0% 5.56% 0% 0%

The table 13 shows that 0% of 18 y/o, 23 y/o, 38 y/o ,19 y/o female students, and

11.11% of 20 y/o female students are highly aware. 5.56% of 18 y/o female students,

44.44% of 19 y/o female students, 11.11% of 20 y/o female students and 0% of 23 y/o

female students, and 5.56% of female students are aware.5.56% of 18 y/o, and 23 y/o

female students, 11.11% of 19 y/o female students and 0% of 20 y/o and 38 y/o female

students are slightly aware. 5.56% of 19 y/o are not aware. The table shows that majority

the students in Marikina City are aware that e-waste can cause damage to the brain once

a person inhale or induce the said chemicals.

Table 14: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in health on number 4 in terms of age of female students.

Age (Female) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 5.56% 5.56% 0% 0%

19 y/o 11.11% 22.22% 16.67% 5.56%

20 y/o 5.56% 11.11% 5.56% 0%

23 y/o 0% 5.56% 0% 0%

38 y/o 0% 5.56% 0% 0%

The table 14 shows that 5.56% of 18 y/o and 20 y/o female students, 11.11% of

19 y/o female students and 0% of 23 y/o and 38 y/o of female students are highly aware.

5.56% of 18 y/o, 23 y/o, and 38 y/o female students, 22.22% of 19 y/o female students

and 11.11% of 20 y/o female students are aware. 0% of 18 y/o, 38 y/o and 23 y/o female

students and 16.67% of 19 y/o female students are slightly aware. 5.56% of 19 y/o are

not aware. The table shows that majority of the students in Marikina City are aware that

e-waste can cause respiratory and skin disorders.

Table 15: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in health on number 5 in terms of age of female students.

Age (Female) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 5.56% 0% 5.56% 0%

 19 y/o 0% 33.33% 22.22% 5.56%

20 y/o 11.11% 5.56% 5.56% 0%

23 y/o 0% 0% 5.56% 0%

38 y/o 0% 5.56% 0% 0%

The table 15 shows that 5.56% of 18 y/o female students, 0% of 23 y/o, 38 y/o and

19 y/o female students, and 11.11% of 20 y/o female students are highly aware. 0% of

18 y/o female students, 33.33% of 19 y/o female students, 5.56% of 20 y/o and 38 y/o

female students are aware.5.56% of 18 y/o, 20 y/o and 23 y/o female students, 22.22%

of 19 y/o female students and 0% of 38 y/o female students are slightly aware. 5.56% of

19 y/o are not aware. The table shows that majority of the students in Marikina City are

slightly aware that e-waste can cause inflammation and oxidative stress to human health.

Table 16: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in environment on number 1 in terms of age of female students.

Age (Female) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 11.11% 0% 0% 0%

19 y/o 38.89% 5.56% 16.67% 0%

20 y/o 0% 22.22% 0% 0%

23 y/o 0% 0% 5.56% 0%

38 y/o 0% 5.56% 0% 0%
 The table 16 shows that 11.11% of 18 y/o female students, 38.89% of 19 y/o and

0% of 20 y/o, 23 y/o and 38 y/o female students are highly aware. 0% of 18 y/o and 23

y/o female students, 5.56% of 19 y/o female students, 22.22% of 20 y/o female students

and 5.56% of 38 y/o female students are aware. 0% of 18 y/o 2o y/o and 38 y/o female

students, 16.67% of 19 y/o female students and 5.56% of 23 y/o female students are

slightly aware and 0% of 18 y/o, 19 y/o, 20 y/o, 21 y/o and 38 y/o are not aware. The table

shows that majority of the students in Marikina City are highly aware that e-waste can

increase greenhouse gases.

Table 17: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in environment on number 2 in terms of age of female students.

Age (Female) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 5.56% 5.56% 0% 0%

19 y/o 22.22% 27.78% 11.11% 0%

20 y/o 11.11% 5.56% 5.56% 0%

23 y/o 0% 5.56% 0% 0%

38 y/o 5.56% 0% 0% 0%

The table 17 shows that 5.56% of 18 y/o and 38 y/o female students, 22.22% of

19 y/o female students, 11.11% of 20 y/o female students and 0% of 23 y/o female

students are highly aware. 5.56% of 18 y/o, 20 y/o, and 23 y/o female students, 27.78%

of 19 y/o female students, and 0% of 38 y/o female students are aware.0% of 18 y/o, 23
y/o and 38 y/o female students, 11.11% of 19 y/o female students and 5.56% of 20 y/o

female students are slightly aware. Both of the ages said above are not aware. The table

shows that the students in Marikina City are aware that the toxic chemicals released by

an e-waste can cause air pollution.

Table 18: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in environment on number 3 in terms of age of female students.

Age (Female) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 5.56% 0% 0% 5.56%

19 y/o 11.11% 22.22% 27.78% 0%

20 y/o 11.11% 5.56% 5.56% 0%

23 y/o 0% 5.56% 0% 0%

38 y/o 5.56% 0% 0% 0%

The table 18 shows that 5.56% of 18 y/o and 38 y/o female students, 11.11% of

19 y/o and 20 y/o female students, and 0% of 23 y/o female students are highly aware.

5.56% of 18 y/o, 20 y/o, and 23 y/o female students, 22.22% of 19 y/o female students,

and 0% of 38 y/o female students are aware.0% of 18 y/o, 23 y/o and 38 y/o female

students, 27.78% of 19 y/o female students and 5.56% of 20 y/o female students are

slightly aware. 19 y/o female students are not aware. The table shows that most of the

students in Marikina City are highly aware and aware that when e-waste is thrown into

the landfills, it might affect the local resources like water resources.
Table 19: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in environment on number 4 in terms of age of female students.

Age (Female) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 11.11% 0% 0% 0%

19 y/o 33.33% 11.11% 16.67% 0%

20 y/o 0% 22.22% 0% 0%

23 y/o 0% 0% 5.56% 0%

38 y/o 0% 5.56% 0% 0%

The table 19 shows that 11.11% of 18 y/o female students, 33.33% of 19 y/o

female students, and 0% of 20 y/o, 23 y/o and 38 y/o female students are highly aware.

0% of 18 y/o and 23 y/o female students, 11.11% of 19 y/o female students, 22.22% of

20 y/o female students and 5.56% of 38 y/o are aware. 0% of 18 y/o, 20 y/o and 38 y/o

female students, 16.67% of 19 y/o female students and 5.56% of 23 y/o female students

are slightly aware and both of the ages said above are not aware. The table shows that

most of the students in Marikina city are highly aware that e-waste can contaminate soil

and water.

Table 20: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in environment on number 5 in terms of age of female students.

Age (Female) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

 18 y/o 0% 5.56% 5.56% 0%

19 y/o 16.67% 16.67% 27.78% 0%

20 y/o 11.11% 11.11% 0% 0%

23 y/o 5.56% 0% 0% 0%

38 y/o 0% 5.56% 0% 0%

The table 20 shows that 0% of 18 y/o and 38 y/o female students, 16.67% of 19

y/o female students, and 11.11% of 20 y/o female students, 5.56% of 23 y/o and 0% of

38 y/o female students are highly aware. 5.56% of 18 y/o and 38 y/o female students,

16.67% of 19 y/o female students, 11.11% of 20 y/o female students and 0% of 23 y/o

are aware. 5.56% of 18 y/o female students, 27.78% of 19 y/o female students and 0%

of 20 y/o, 23 y/o and 38 y/o female students are aware and both of the ages said above

are not aware. The table shows that most of the students in Marikina city are highly aware

that e-waste can contaminate soil and water.

Table 21: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in health on number 1 in terms of age of male students.

Age (Male) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 7.14% 3.57% 3.57% 0%

19 y/o 14.29% 25% 0% 0%

20 y/o 7.14% 17.86% 7.14% 0%

21 y/o 3.57% 3.57% 0% 0%

 Table 21 shows that 7.14% 0f 18 y/o and 20 y/o male students, 14.29% of 19 y/o

male students, and 3.57% of 21 y/o male students are highly aware. 3.57% of 18 y/o and

21 y/o male students, 25% of 19 y/o male students, and 17.86% of male students are

aware. 3.57% of 18 y/o male students and 7.14% of 20 y/o students are slightly aware.

There are said age above that are 0% not aware. The table shows that the majority of the

male students in Marikina City are aware that the e-waste has chemical properties such

as lead, lithium, arsenic, mercury selenium and cadmium that can cause cancers.

Table 22: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in health on number 2 in terms of age of male students.

Age (Male) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 7.14% 3.57% 3.57% 0%

19 y/o 14.29% 14.29% 10.71% 0%

20 y/o 7.14% 28.57% 3.57% 0%

21 y/o 3.57% 3.57% 0% 0%

Table 22 shows that there 7.14% 0f 18 y/o and 20 y/o male students, 14.29% of 19 y/o

male students, and 3.57% of 21 y/o male students are highly aware. 3.57% of 18 y/o and

21 y/o male students, 14.29% of 19 y/o male students, and 28.57% of male students are

aware. 3.57% of 18 y/o and 20 y/o students, and 10.71% of 19 y/o male students are

slightly aware. There are said age above that are 0% not aware. The table shows that the
majority of the male students in Marikina City are aware that the e-waste can affect

negatively the mental development of children.

Table 23: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in health on number 3 in terms of age of male students.

Age (Male) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 7.14% 7.14% 0% 0%

19 y/o 7.14% 28.57% 10.71% 0%

20 y/o 7.14% 10.71% 14.29% 0%

21 y/o 7.14% 0% 0% 0%

Table 23 shows that there 7.14% 0f 18 y/o, 20 y/o, 19 y/o and 21 y/o male students are

highly aware. 7.14% of 18 y/o male students, 28.57% of 19 y/o male students, and

10.71% of male students are aware. 10.71% of 19 y/o male students and 14.29% of male

students are slightly aware. There are said age above that are 0% not aware. The table

shows that the majority of the male students in Marikina City are aware that the e-waste

can cause damage to the brain once a person inhale or induce the said chemicals.

Table 24: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in health on number in terms of age of male students.

Age (Male) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

 18 y/o 0% 14.29% 0% 0%

19 y/o 7.14% 21.43% 10.71% 0%

20 y/o 7.14% 14.29% 10.71% 0%

21 y/o 3.57% 3.57% 0% 0%

Table 24 shows that there 7.14% of 19 y/o and 20 y/o male students and 3.57% of

21 y/o male students are highly aware. 14.29% of 18 y/o and 20 y/o male students,

21.43% of 19 y/o male students, and 3.57% of 21 y/o male students are aware. 10.71%

of 19 y/o and 20 y/o male students are slightly aware. There are said age above that are

0% not aware. The table shows that the majority of the male students in Marikina City are

aware that the e-waste can cause respiratory and skin disorders.

Table 25: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in health on number 5 in terms of age of male students.

Age (Male) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 7.14% 3.57% 3.57% 0%

19 y/o 14.29% 17.86% 7.14% 0%

20 y/o 7.14% 17.86% 3.57% 3.57%

21 y/o 0% 3.57% 0% 3.57%

Table 25 shows that there 7.14% 0f 18 y/o and 20 y/o, male students and 14.29%

of 19 y/o male students are highly aware. 3.57% of 18 y/o and 21 y/o male students,
17.86% of 19 y/o and 20 y/o male students are aware. 3.57% of 18 y/o and 20 y/o male

students and 7.14% of 19 y/o male students are slightly aware. There are 3.57 of 20 y/o

and 21 y/o male students that are not aware. The table shows that the majority of the

male students in Marikina City are aware that the e-waste can cause inflammation and

oxidative stress to human health.

Table 26: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in environment on number 1 in terms of age of male students.

Age (Male) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 7.14% 7.14% 0% 0%

19 y/o 14.29% 17.86% 7.14% 0%

20 y/o 14.29% 14.29% 3.57% 0%

21 y/o 3.57% 3.57% 0% 0%

Table 26 shows that there are 7.14% of 18 y/o male students, 14.29% of 19 y/o

and 20 y/o male students and 3.57% of 21 y/o male students are highly aware. 3.57% of

21 y/o male students, 17.86% of 19 y/o male students, 7.14% of 18 y/o male students

and 3.57% of 21 y/o male students are aware. 3.57% of 20 y/o male students and 7.14%

of 19 y/o male students are slightly aware. There are 0% of male students that are not

aware. The table shows that the majority of the male students in Marikina City are aware

that the e-waste can increase greenhouse gases.

Table 27: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in environment on number 2 in terms of age of male students.

Age (Male) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 10.71% 3.57% 0% 0%

19 y/o 17.86% 14.29% 7.14% 0%

20 y/o 17.86% 14.29% 0% 0%

21 y/o 0% 7.14% 0% 0%

Table 27 shows that there 10.71% 0f 18 y/o male students and 17.86% of 19 y/o

and 20 y/o male students are highly aware. 3.57% of 18 y/o male students, 14.29% of 19

y/o and 20 y/o male students and 7.14% of male students are aware. 7.14% of 19 y/o

male students are slightly aware. There are 0% of male students that are not aware. The

table shows that the majority of the male students in Marikina City are aware that the e-

waste inflammation and oxidative stress to human health.

Table 28: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in environment on number 3 in terms of age of male students.

Age (Male) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 7.14% 3.57% 3.57% 0%

19 y/o 17.86% 14.29% 7.14% 0%

20 y/o 7.14% 10.71% 10.71% 3.57%

 21 y/o 0% 3.57% 3.57% 0%

Table 28 shows that there 7.14% 0f 18 y/o and 20 y/o male students, 17.86% of

19 y/o male students are highly aware. 3.57% of 18 y/o and 21 y/o male students, 14.29%

of 19 y/o male students and 3.57% 20 y/o male students are aware. 3.57% of 18 y/o and

21 y/o male students and 7.14% of 19 y/o male students and 10.71% of 20% y/o are

slightly aware. There are 3.57 of 20 y/o male students that are not aware. The table shows

that the majority of the male students in Marikina City are aware that when e-waste is

thrown into the landfills, it might affect local resources like water resources.

Table 29: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in environment on number 4 in terms of age of male students.

Age (Male) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 7.14% 7.14% 0% 0%

19 y/o 14.29% 21.43% 3.57% 0%

20 y/o 14.29% 7.14% 3.57% 0%

21 y/o 3.57% 3.57% 0% 0%

Table 29 shows that there 7.14% 0f 18 y/o male students, 14.29% of 19 y/o and

20 y/o male students and 3.57% of 21 y/o male students are highly aware. 3.57% of 19

y/o and 20 y/o male students are aware. 3.57% of 18 y/o and 20 y/o male students and

7.14% of 19 y/o male students are slightly aware. There are 0% of male students that are
not aware. The table shows that the majority of the male students in Marikina City are

aware that the e-waste can contaminate soil and water.

Table 30: Answers of the students in Marikina City according on the effects of

electronic waste in environment on number 5 in terms of age of male students.

Age (Male) 4 (HA) 3 (A) 2 (SA) 1 (NA)

18 y/o 10.71% 3.57% 0% 0%

19 y/o 17.86% 17.86% 3.57% 0%

20 y/o 7.14% 17.86% 7.14% 0%

21 y/o 7.14% 0% 0% 0%

Table 30 shows that there 7.14% 0f 21 y/o and 20 y/o male students and 17.86%

of 19 y/o male students and 10.71% 0f 18 y/o male students are highly aware. 3.57% of

18 y/o male students, 17.86% of 19 y/o and 20 y/o male students are aware. 3.57% of 19

y/o male students and 7.14% of 20 y/o male students are slightly aware. There are 0% of

male students that are not aware. The table shows that the majority of the male students

in Marikina City are aware that when e-waste is warmed up, the toxic chemicals inside it

are released into the air, thereby becomes a threat to human by having diseases.
Table 31: Distribution of respondents according on the disposal method they use.

Disposal method Total respondents Percentage

Storage 10 21.74%

Throw away 16 34.78%

Sell to the repair 5 10.87%

shop/technicians

Sell to junkshop 12 26.09%

Give to the materials 3 6.52%

recovery facility

Table 31 shows that 10 or 21.74% of respondents said that they used to storage

e-waste as disposal method. 16 or 34.78% of the respondents said that they used to

throw away e-waste as disposal method. 5 or 10.87% of respondents said that they used

to sell e-waste to the repair shop/technicians as disposal method. 12 or 26.09% of the

respondents said that they used to sell e-waste to a junkshop as disposal method, and 3

or 6.52% of the respondents said that they used to give e-waste to the materials recovery

facility as disposal method.

ANALYSIS

Electronic waste is an invisible problem in the world, especially on those developed

and developing countries. E-waste is also the reason why the world having a climate

change.
 As the presentation above, most of the students in Marikina City colleges are

aware about on the effects of electronic waste in health and environment.

Most of the students in Marikina City said that throwing electronic waste as the

most effective way in disposing e-waste.

INTERPRETATION

16 out of 46 students in Marikina City colleges said that throwing electronic waste

as an effective way in discarding or disposing electronic waste in our country. There is a

majority that both gender/sex are aware on the effects of electronic waste in health and

environment.

The data collected interpret that most of the students in Marikina City are aware

on the effects of e-waste in health and environment and the most effective in disposing

or discarding electronic waste is throwing it away.

 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

This chapter consist of the summary of the study, the conclusion and the

recommendation of the researchers.

A summary of the research is presented and the findings of the study are discussed and

interpreted that will be able to give details about the effects of electronic waste on health

and environment in colleges in Marikina city.

SUMMARY

This study determined the level of awareness on the effects of electronic waste in

colleges in Marikina city. Electronic waste as discarded electrical or electronic devices.

Electronic waste have been the fastest growing problem in our country.

The researchers conducted a study on the awareness on the effects electronic

waste in colleges in Marikina City. The chosen respondents for this study are the college

students in Marikina City. 46 respondents, five (5) in different college students were

chosen as the respondents to answer the self-made questionnaire.

The result of the data that was collected in 18 or 39.13% of female respondents

and 28 or 60.87% of male students. 34.78% 16 out 0f 46 or respondents from the colleges

in Marikina City said that the most effective way in disposing electronic waste is throwing
it away. Most of the respondents of the study are aware on the effects of electronic waste

in health and environment.

CONCLUSION

This study concludes that most of the students in Marikina city are aware on the

effects of electronic waste on health and environment. Most of the students in Marikina

city colleges said that throwing away and selling electronic waste to a junk shop is the

most disposal method they used in Marikina city.

RECOMMENDATION

This study shows the awareness on the effect of electronic waste in colleges in

Marikina City. The respondents are aware to the e-waste problem here in our country and

they have different ways in disposing it. The researchers of this study recommend the

following in disposing electronic waste here in our country:

1. You can help as an individual to our society in disposing electronic waste by using

one of the effective way, it is to give it to the materials recovery facility. In that way,

you can help people in recycling it.

2. Throwing electronic waste is not appropriate to do, your just adding another

problem to our society which cause different problem not only on us but also on

our mother earth.

3. You can keep those electronic waste until you decide to give those to any materials

recovery facility near in your neighborhood or any barangay activities that has

something to do with the e-waste.