Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology Student: _________________________ Section:___________

PHARMACOLOGY

DRUG STUDY

Brand Name: _____________Zinacef________________ Generic Name: ___________Cefuroxime_____ Drug Classification: ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIINFECTIVE AGENTS (Cephalosporins)

Dosage, Route & Frequency Drug-Drug & Drug- Side Effects Adverse Reactions
Drug Action Indications Contraindications
Recommended Prescribed Food Interactions (By System) (By System)
IV ,IM: ADULTS, Second-generation DRUG: Probenecid Treatment of History of Frequent: Discomfort Antibiotic-associated
ELDERLY,CHILDREN cephalosporin. Binds may increase susceptible infections hypersensitivity/anaphylactic with IM colitis, other
12YRS AND OLDER: to bacterial cell concentration. due to group B reaction to cefuroxime, administration, oral superinfections
750 mg–1.5g q8h up membranes, inhibits Antacids, H2- streptococci, cephalosporins. candidiasis (thrush), (abdominal cramps,
to 1.5g q6h for cell wall synthesis. receptor antagonists pneumococci, mild diarrhea, mild severe watery
severe infections. Therapeutic Effect: (e.g,cimetidine, staphylococci, H. abdominal cramping, diarrhea, fever) may
Bactericidal. famotidine) may influenzae, E. coli, vaginal candidiasis. result from altered
CHILDREN:3MOS TO decrease absorption. Enterobacter, Occasional: Nausea, bacterial balance in
YOUNGER THAN 12 HERBAL: None Klebsiella, including serum sickness–like GI tract.
YRS:75–150 significant. acute/chronic reaction (fever, joint Nephrotoxicity may
mg/kg/day divided FOOD: None known. bronchitis, gonorrhea, pain; usually occurs occur, esp. in pts
q8h up to LAB VALUES: May impetigo, early Lyme after second course with preexisting renal
100–200 mg/kg/day increase serum BUN, disease, otitis media, of therapy and disease. Pts with
divided in 3–4 doses. creatinine, alkaline pharyngitis/tonsillitis, resolves after drug is history of
Maximum:6 g/day. phosphatase, sinusitis, skin/skin discontinued). penicillin allergy are
bilirubin, LDH, ALT, structure, UTI, Rare: Allergic at increased risk for
NEONATES:50
AST. May cause perioperative reaction (rash, developing a severe
mg/kg/dose q8–12h.
positive direct/indirect prophylaxis. pruritus, urticaria), hypersensitivity
PO:ADULTS, Coombs’ test thrombophlebitis reaction (severe
ELDERLY,CHILDREN (pain, redness, pruritus,
12 YRS AND OLDER: swelling at injection angioedema,
250–500 mg twice a site). bronchospasm
day.CHILDREN anaphylaxis).
3MOS TO YOUNGER
THAN 12 YRS: 20 30
mg/kg/day in 2
divided doses.
Maximum:1 g/day
 Responsibilities in the Nursing Process (ADPIE) Responsibilities in the Nursing Process (ADPIE)
Assessment: Patient/family teaching:
Obtain CBC, renal function tests. Question for history of allergies, particularly cephalosporins,
penicillins. • Discomfort may occur with IM injection.

Intervention/evaluation: • Doses should be evenly spaced.

Assess oral cavity for white patches on mucous membranes, tongue • Continue antibiotic therapy for full length of treatment.
(thrush). Monitor daily pattern of bowel activity, stool consistency. Mild GI effects may
• May cause GI upset (may take with food, milk).
be tolerable (increasing severity may indicate onset of antibiotic-associated colitis).
Monitor I&O, renal function tests for nephrotoxicity. Be alert for superinfection: fever, vomiting,
diarrhea, anal/genital pruritus, oral mucosal changes (ulceration, pain, erythema)