Final Thesis Version 2.0

CAINTA CATHOLIC COLLEGE 1
LAN Based Voting System Integrated with Smartcard Technology for

Student Coordinating Council in Cainta Catholic College.
(College Department)
A Thesis Proposal Presented for the

Faculty of Cainta Catholic College- College Department
Cainta, Rizal
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Thesis II

For the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
By:
Navales, John Joel

Supeña, Lois Claire
De Guzman, Bea Patriz DL.
Oliveros, Mara Suzanne
Martinez, Mark Joseph
IV-BSCS
March, 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE…………………………….……………….…………………………..…………...…i
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………..…….………………………….…….…….…ii
CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL ……….………………………………………………..……….iii
CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY………………………...…………………………..…….…...iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………...…………………………………..…v
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………….….….….vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………….…….…vii
LIST OF TABLE……………………………………………………………….…...…….…viii
LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………..…………….. i
CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction………………………………………………….…..…………………..6
Background of the Study…………….…………………………..………………...9
Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………………….13
Conceptual Framework…………………………………………..........................16
Statement of the Problem…………………………….........................................18
Scope and Limitations of the Study…………………………………….………...21
Significance of the Study …………………………….………………….………..22
Definition of Terms…………………………………………...........…..…….….....23
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Foreign Literature………………………………………………………………..37
Local Literature…………………………………………………………………..44
Foreign studies………………………………………………………..................49
Local studies………………………………….…………………………………..52
Synthesis and Relevance of the Reviewed Literature and Studies……..…. 64
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Method of Research………………………….……………….…..….…………...66
Population, Sample Size, and Sampling Technique …………………….……67
Description of Respondents………………………………………………...…….68
Research Instrument…………………………………………………………........69
Data-Gathering Procedure……………………………….……………….……...70
Statistical Treatment of Data………………………………….…………............72
Software Development Methodology………………………………….…….…. 77
CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION OF ANALYSIS AND DATA
Headings of topics/findings per problem……………………………….……….76
Software Requirements………………………………………………….….…….96
Hardware Requirements…………………………………………………..….…..96
Screenshots…………………………………………………………………….
CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary………………………………………………………………….97
Findings…………………………………………………………………..101
Conclusion……………………………………………………………….108
Recommendation……………………………………………………….109
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A (SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE)
APPENDIX B ()
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
CHAPTER I
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
Voting has been a regular practice in almost all democratic societies. It
involves the process of how an individual chooses a representative whose
primary role is to handle their constituent. Its importance is that an individual has
the freedom to independently exercise their rights in a society whether from
public or private groups, organizations, or institutions. People often choose not to
vote because they feel their vote does not count, but one vote does count in
many ways. Your choice to vote or not, will have far reaching consequences on
people all over the world, many of whom do not have the right to vote
themselves. In local and national elections, lawmakers are elected who make
laws, policies, and appointments that will effects for years to come. The most
common reason why people do not vote is, their vote does not count, but it does.
The Paper-based voting is the common method used in elections. It was
originated as a system where votes are cast and counted manually by hand, a
paper ballots. Manual counting requires physical ballot that represents voter
intent. The physical ballots are read and interpreted; then results are individually
tabulated. Such a voting system may be used for recounts in areas where
mechanical or automated counting systems are used.
And because of a long time process of the manual voting system, the
researcher conducts an interview on the problems on the three actors. In voting
they sometimes feel discourage to participate in the election on the following
reason, first they thought that it is not important to them academically because it
is not graded, second the time schedule of voting is sometimes in conflict to their
class hour making the possibility for them on missing the voting deadline, third
the process took up to much time and effort and lastly their lack of information
about the candidates. On the case of registration authorities the time and
managing process to audit all voters’ records is time consuming and all the
documents needed to be printed out such as the voting forms, student
information, and others are uneconomical resources. And lastly in the case of
tallying authorities the long process of counting the paper and tabulating them
will take a lot of time and effort because the speed and accuracy of the results
depends on the counting ability of the tallying authorities by checking and
marking it on a manila paper would take a lot of time and the possibility of an
incorrect results because of human error.

Thus because of these problems with the current manual election, we
come up with the computerization of election through a “LAN Based Voting
System Integrated with Smartcard Technology for Student Coordinating
Council in Cainta Catholic College” for the students to participate in the
election easier than the current system. It will be accurate because its process in
through the use of computer technology. The student can easily vote, by tapping
his/her ID card on the reader, because the said system will have a database that
will hold the name and a unique identifier of the students in Cainta Catholic
College as well as the names of the candidates. With the help of the
administrator the election canvassing and tallying can be observed without any
difficulties because votes are tabulated accordingly and most especially the said
system is economical because it is paperless as well as clean and orderly
election can be assured. Only the administrators can access the entire result of
election.
Since most of the student nowadays is familiar on the basic computer
interface and controls, the researcher will make a user interface that is user-
friendly, efficient, accurate, secured, informative and instructive so the user will
not experience conflict with regards to the time in voting.

Background of the Study
The Student Coordinating Council is the highest governing body and
official representative of the students of Cainta Catholic College. It promotes the
best of the collective and individual interests, in proclaiming truth, justice and
love, within and those who make the Cainta Catholic College community. It
makes the student to be united enabling them to address their concerns and
welfare.
Cainta Catholic College (CCC) is an educational institution that
implements an Election once a year for the Student Coordinating Council (SCC)
based on Department of Education Order No. 47 s.2014. Cainta Catholic College
currently uses a manual voting system or also known as "Ballot" system. The
voting system include three actors the voter, the registration authorities, and the
tallying authorities. The system is traditionally proven to be effective and had
been used since the foundation of Student Coordinating Council in Cainta
Catholic College but because of its manual procedure it takes a lot of time and
effort for all the subjects in accomplishing their task during the voting period. And
this task involve the following: first the voters required time in finding their
respective precinct and will have to fall-in-line in order to fill-up and cast their
votes, second registration authorities check and audit of voters records, lastly the
tallying authorities process the tallying or counting the ballots manually.

The SCC election was based in accordance to the Department of
Education Order No. 47 s. 2014in article VIII Section 1-9 of Constitution and By -
Laws of the Supreme Pupil Government and Supreme Student Government in
Elementary and Secondary school. With an objective to help students develop
passionate love of country, values and competencies that will enable them to
realize their full potential and to contribute meaningfully in building the nation.
Ever since the first electronic voting system were introduced in the
Philippines on May 10, 2010 Presidential election. Most voter complaints were
related to waiting in long lines and learning the new technology. Because of this
the researcher would like to promote the idea of using electronic means in voting
for the students of Cainta Catholic College. This will serve as a way to prepare
them for the upcoming elections so that they could have an idea of how things
work in E-voting system. And also because of the long process of casting and
counting of votes, the study aims to improve the reliability, efficiency, accuracy,
user friendliness, and security of the election.
Most concerns on the implementation of the system are the security
and transparency of the votes against fraud and privacy invasion, because
electronic data can be easily manipulated if the security protocol is with flaws. So
the researchers will make a system that is secured through implementing layers
of security, most especially in the network connections of the Pc station and
server database to avoid tampering of votes.
Smartcard Technology A smart card, typically a type of chip card, is a
plastic card that contains an embedded computer chip–either a memory or
microprocessor type–that stores and transacts data. This data is usually
associated with either value, information, or both and is stored and processed
within the card's chip.
The use of smart card technology or radio frequency identification (RFID)
device together with the automation of election will greatly improve the time
needed in checking the information of the voter in verifying and marking of their
participation in the election. Instead of manually checking the voter’s list, by just
tapping the student’s id or smart card id on the smart card reader student will be
automatically verified and confirmed through a records that is stored in the
database. Thus minimizing the time needed for the pre-voting identification and
verification process. And also since Cainta Catholic College is already using
smart card id’s for their student the efficiency of using a smart card in the
electronic election would be useful.

Cryptography, the system will use data encryption cryptography technique
in securing the private data stored in the database to prevent incidental viewing
of private data such as password and smartcard unique identification number
(UID). The process of data encryption consists of certain steps. The data passes
through a mathematical formula called an encryption algorithm, which converts it
into encrypted data called cipher text. These algorithms create a key and then
encapsulate the message with this key. It is important to have extra security for
both student and administrator private data especially the administrator account
because it has a vital role on the system important controls and also as for the
integrity of the whole election.
The LAN Based Voting System Integrated with Smartcard Technology for
Student Coordinating Council in Cainta Catholic College is an automated election
that will help the student to easily vote unlike to the manual process that is time
consuming. To lessen the burden of the students in seeking their precinct to vote.
And also can organize and manage a lot of students with its management
features and secure database to prevent any malicious attacks of the hackers.
This study focuses on how to improve the traditional way of an election
process to LAN Based Voting System Integrated with Smartcard Technology for
Student Coordinating Council in Cainta Catholic College that will serve to be
efficient, accurate, reliable and secured.

Theoretical Framework
According to University of the Philippines-Dilman as the Philippines
prepares for its first automated national elections on May (2010), which has
implemented automated voting for all its local student university-wide elections
since 2009. While the framework of the U.P. Diliman voting system
(dubbed “Halalan”) requires no paper ballots and is thus radically different from
that which will be utilized in our own national polls, it may be a source of
inspiration and future lessons as our country adjusts to the prospect of an
automated electoral future.
The current Project Manager of Halalan, Rystraum Gamonez, a second
year Computer Science student at the U.P. College of Engineering explained that
Halalan was developed after members of his campus organization, the UP Linux
Users Group (UnPLUG), were watching a typically prolonged tabulation of paper
ballots for the University Student Council election, wondering whether an
automated voting system for the campus was possible. They scoured the Internet
for available election software for their purposes, only to find none. To their
credit, they decided then to develop one themselves, and the software they
developed was used, first in local College of Engineering elections, then by three
other colleges in their own local council elections, before it was finally adopted by
the entire university for the student council elections of 2009. The efforts of the
developers of Halalan have hardly remained anonymous. For developing the

Halalan software, UnPLUG won an award during the 2006 Software Freedom
Day, a worldwide celebration of Free and Open Source Software initiated
by Software Freedom International and co-sponsored then by IBM. The prize —
an IBM Power5 server which is currently used as the central server for Halalan.
Perhaps the most notable feature of the Halalan system is its utilization of open
source software. The code is freely available online, under a GNU General Public
License that generally allows for its use by anyone for commercial or non-
commercial purposes. It is free for use by a large homeowner’s association in
Paranaque, a university in Buenos Aires, or a local government in Tanzania
without fear of trampling on any intellectual property rights or paying any fee to
the developers. The code may also be modified for idiosyncratic purposes,
though under the license, any derivative of the original code should be licensed
under similar terms and conditions as the original.
The system of course could not run on software alone. In order that it
could run, it would require a network of computers connected to a web
server (such as Apache) and a database server (such as MySQL). Any computer
would do – it need not be a dedicated election machine – so lang as it could be
connected to the network. In the case of UP Diliman, an array of desktops or
laptops (as may be available to the individual colleges) is situated in the voting
precincts, each logged on to an IP address on the university-based DILNET
server.
Voting in UP Diliman proceeds in the following manner. The student goes
to the precinct, and presents to the poll clerk her/his student ID (or Form 5). Once
the poll clerk is satisfied that the voter is enrolled and thus eligible to vote, the
voter is given a password taken from a list of pre-prepared computer generated
passwords. The voter heads to the computer, and is confronted by a browser
screen. As required by the browser, the student logs in her/his student number
and the previously supplied password. If the log-in is successful, the student is
led to the online ballot, which features the contested positions, the names of the
candidates and their respective parties. Using a mouse, the voter clicks on the
empty boxes beside the names of their candidates of choice, thereby marking the
same. (There is also, in the UP system, a box for “Abstain”) Clicking the box
does not automatically record the vote, as the voter has the choice to review
her/his ballot and changing votes before finally confirming the same. Confirming
the ballot and thereby finalizing the votes requires the voter to go to the end of
the ballot and undertaking two steps: (1) typing in a Captcha code which ensures
that the ballot was accomplished through human selection; and (2) clicking on
the “Confirm” button. Once the ballot has been confirmed, the votes are
immediately recorded on the central server.
Assuming that these hurdles could be overcome in the future, is there a
need to amend our laws for automated voting? Republic Act No. 9369, which is
the current mandate for the COMELEC to adopt an automated election system,
permits the use of either a “paper-based or a direct recording electronic election
system as it may deem appropriate and practical for the process of voting,
counting of votes and canvassing/consolidation and transmittal of results of
electoral exercises”. (See Sec. 6) “Direct recording electronic election system” is
defined as “a type or automated election system that uses electronic ballots,
records, votes by means of a ballot display provided with mechanical or electro-
optical component that can be activated by the voter, processes data by means
of a computer programs, record voting data and ballot images, and transmits
voting results electronically”, a definition that plainly accommodates the Halalan
system. With only a few refinements in the software perhaps, it seems quite
feasible for the COMELEC to adopt the Halalan system for future elections,
provided that the benchmark of appropriateness and practicality (i.e., a stable
nationwide computer network) is also met.
This study called Halalan by the students of University of the Philippines
supports and gives an idea that we can use on our study. This Study described
and explain the advantages and differences of Automated election on traditional
manual election. It serves as a guide and base of our thesis.
https://lawinnovations.wordpress.com/2010/02/18/halalandiliman/
Conceptual Framework
LAN Based Voting System Integrated with Smartcard Technology for
Student Coordinating Council identifies the modern process of technology for the
Administrator and the Students in Cainta Catholic College.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
*Demographic profile of
students in terms of
*Survey
1.1. Age, Questionnaire.
1.2. Gender, and *LAN Based
1.3. Year. Voting System

Integrated with
*Structure and Rate of
*Descriptive
Performance of the Smartcard
Method and
Existing Election
Analyzing of the Technology for
System.
System Process. Student
*School Election
Requirements Coordinating
*System Council
Development Life
* SDLC methodology. Cycle.
Figure 1: Show the conceptual framework of the study.
The figure above shows the relationship of input variables which contains
the demographic profile of students in terms of age, gender, year, and course. It
includes the structure and rate of the performance of the existing system through
statistical treatment of data. It also includes School Election Requirement of the
system and also the system methodologies that will be used.
The demographic profile entails the students population that are involve in
the study while the structure and performance of existing system entails the
current manual voting procedure that is to be survey and analyze through case
study and observation into determining the necessary variable to develop a LAN
Based Voting System Integrated with Smartcard Technology for Student
Coordinating Council in Cainta Catholic College regarding its structure and
process. Cainta Catholic College Election requirements, and system
methodologies depicts the necessary requirement into the development of
software program and performance of the system.
On the other hand the process includes the survey questionnaire,
descriptive method and system development life cycle. The output is the LAN
Based Voting System Integrated with Smartcard Technology for Student
Coordinating Council.
The output box entitled LAN Based Voting System Integrated with
Smartcard Technology for Student Coordinating Council in Cainta Catholic
Colleges
Statement of the Problem
To develop a LAN Based Voting System integrated with Smartcard
Technology for Student Coordinating Council in Cainta Catholic College (College
Department).
Specific Problem:
1. What is the demographic profile of the students in terms of?
1.1 Age,
1.2 Gender, and
1.3 Year level.
2. What is the rate of performance of the existing Election system?
2.1 Accuracy
2.2 Efficiency
2.3 Reliability
2.4 User-Friendliness
2.5 Security
3. What is the rate of performance of the proposed system in terms of the
following features:
3.1 Accuracy
3.2 Efficiency
3.3 Reliability
3.4 User-Friendliness
3.5 Security.
4. What are the school election requirements and SDLC methodology of the
proposed system?
5. Is there a significant difference between the rate of performance of Manual
system and the proposed system?

Hypothesis
Ho:
There is no significant difference between the performance of Manual
Voting System and the LAN Based Voting System Integrated with Smartcard
Technology for Student Coordinating Council in Cainta Catholic College (College
Department).
Ha:
There is significant difference between the performance of the Manual
Voting System and LAN Based Voting System Integrated with Smartcard
Technology for Student Coordinating Council in Cainta Catholic College
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study dealt with the computerization of the manual voting system in
Cainta Catholic College Student Coordinating Council to provide the election
official an efficient and secured electronic election using smart card technology.
In terms of security the system will have a login form that can be access by
typing-in or by tapping smart card, the system has four level of access, the
highest level is the main admin which is the default system account that has full
administrative control, third and second is the administrator and room
administrator which have limited control or access to the main server, lastly the
student/voter which only have access to the workstation voting application.
The system has three applications the Main Server, Room Server, and
Workstation. The main server functions where the administrator can create an
election schedule, add parties and candidates, add/edit/delete student data, view
and print election results, view list of who participated and statistical view of the
election, create database backups and system event log for the liability of those
who control the system. The Room server function as the server-client connector
when the election starts this is the gateway for the voter to have access in the
workstation application where in they can vote by tapping their smart card id
during the pre-voting process.

In terms of election process the voter can easily vote by block voting and
individually the candidates or party of their choosing and the use of smart card
technology the efficiency of voting pre-voting process.
The system uses MS SQL Server as its database engine/server over LAN
network, so the location of database is only limited by its physical network
structure. However to prevent and isolate the leak of data the system does not
transact online transaction, and since the system security does not cover the
manipulation of data outside of the system application because management of
database server is dependant to the administrator. The system can only read
data from a smart card id. Lastly, because of the limited time and resources the
system currently only works for the student coordinating council College
Department although the requirement and plan that researcher created can also
accept high school and elementary election.

Significance of the Study
The study is basically useful for Cainta Catholic College in a way that the
system will provide convenience to the users/students and also for the officers
of the Student Coordinating Council and to the election administrator.
The school “Cainta Catholic College”. The system helps the CCC to
find a rightful leader for the College Department in a fair and easy way. The
school will receive good feedback from the students when the process of voting
is easy.
Students of the school. It will give convenience to the students in terms
of time management, accuracy and efficiency.
Student Coordinating Council (SCC) and SPS Officers –can easily get
a record and also check the list of students who voted and not yet voted and to
easily add and update the candidates from different party list. This system helps
the Officers to lessen their paper works and processes when it comes to
counting of votes.
Researchers - this study will serve as future references and guide to the
students who will conduct a study to help them get an idea for the system that
they are going to make in the future.

Definition of Terms
Definition of Terms
Accurate. Correct in all details; exact
Acknowledgement. Acceptance of the truth or existence of something
Adaptability. Ability of an entity or organism to alter itself or its responses to
the changed circumstances or environment. Or showing or having a capacity for
or tendency toward adaptation. A prototype is an early sample, model, or
release of a product built to test a concept or process or to act as a thing to be
replicated or learned from. It is a term used in a variety of contexts,
including semantics, design, electronics, and softwareprogramming.
Adequate. As good as necessary for some requirement or purpose. Sufficient
for a specific requirement.
Administrator. A person who control of all system, etc.
Anonymity. The quality or state of being unknown or unacknowledged. The
quality or state of being anonymous.
Archive. A place or collection containing records, documents, or other
materials of historical interest. A place in which public records or historical
documents are preserved

Assumption/hypothesis. A thing that is accepted as true or as certain to
happen, without proof.
Auxiliary. Giving assistance or support; helping. Offering or providing help.
Functioning in a subsidiary capacity
Ballot Box. Is a temporarily sealed container, usually square box though
sometimes a tamper resistant bag, with a narrow slot in the top sufficient to
accept a ballot paper in an election but which prevents anyone from accessing
the votes cast until the close of the voting period.
Build. Construct (something, typically something large) by putting parts or
material together over a period of time. To form by ordering and uniting
materials by gradual means into a composite whole. To develop according to a
systematic plan, by a definite process, or on a particular base.
Candidates. Is the prospective recipient of an award or honor, or a person
seeking or being considered for some kind of position. One that aspires to or is
nominated or qualified for an office, membership, or award
Candidates list. It is the list of names of the endorsed candidates of a certain
party lists that running to a position.

Canvassing. Is the systematic initiation of direct contact with a target group of
individuals commonly used during political campaigns. To examine in detail.
To examine (votes) officially for authenticity
Classification. the action or process of classifying something according to
shared qualities or characteristics.
Completion. the action or process of finishing something.
Comprehensibility. The quality of comprehensible language or thought.
Capable of being comprehended.
Compromise. A settlement of differences in which each side makes
concessions. To come to agreement by mutual concession and to find or
follow a way between extremes.
Computer Laboratories. A computer laboratory is also known as a computer
suite or computer cluster. It is use for computer related activities to perform it
well.
Conceptual Framework. is an analytical tool with several variations and
contexts.
Coordinators. is a person who helps in planning, organizing and executing
events or performances needed.

Council. An advisory, deliberative, or legislative body of people formally
constituted and meeting regularly. An assembly or meeting for consultation,
advice, or discussion. A group elected or appointed as an advisory or
legislative body.
Creative Skills. Relating to or involving the imagination or original ideas, esp.
in the production of an artistic work.
Cryptographic protocols. Security protocol (cryptographic protocol or
encryption protocol) is an abstract or concrete protocol that performs a
security-related function and applies cryptographic methods..
Dactyls copy. A metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by
two unaccented or of one long syllable followed by two short, as in flattery.
Database. a structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is
accessible in various ways.
Decryption. The activity of making clear or converting from code into plain
text
Demographic profile. All the people of a particular age or range of ages.
Decryption. The activity of making clear or converting from code into plain text
Economical. giving good value or service in relation to the amount of money,
time, or effort spent.
Efficient. achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or
expense.
Election. The act or power of electing the right or ability to make a choice. An
act or process of electing.
Electoral board. people that are assigned to privatize the process of counting
the ballots. It’s a body charged with overseeing the implementation of election
procedures.
Eligible. Qualified for or allowed or worthy of being chosen. Qualified to
participate or be chosen. Worthy of being chosen.
Encryption. The translation of data into a secret code. Encryption is the most
effective way to achieve data security.
Enhance. Intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent
of. To increase or improve in value, quality, desirability, or attractiveness.
Err. To make a mistake or be incorrect. To violate an accepted standard of
conduct.
Facilitator. a person who facilitates during the election. One that helps to
bring about an outcome (as learning, productivity, or communication) by
providing indirect or unobtrusive assistance, guidance, or supervision.
Fictitious. Formed or conceived by the imagination. Conventionally or
hypothetically assumed or accepted
Forge. A furnace or hearth where metals are heated or wrought; a smithy. A
furnace or a shop with its furnace where metal is heated and wrought. To
make or imitate falsely especially with intent to defraud.
IEC (Independent Electoral Commission).The International Electro technical
Commission is a non-profit, non-governmental international standards
organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for
all electrical, electronic and related technologies – collectively known as
"electro technology".
Implementation. the process of putting a decision or plan into effect;
execution.
Indelible ink. Is a semi-permanent ink or dye that is applied to the forefinger
(usually) of voters during elections in order to prevent electoral fraud such as
double voting.
Installation. the action or process of installing someone or something, or of
being installed.
Instantaneously. Occurring or completed without perceptible delay: Relief
was instantaneous. Done, occurring, or acting without any perceptible duration
of time and done without any delay being purposely introduced.
Integrated. having been integrated, in particular.
Intervention. the action or process of intervening.
ISO Ethernet. the IEEE standard 802.9a, which describes a combination of
Ethernet and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) on the same cable.
Iterative Model Design. In Iterative model, iterative process starts with a
simple implementation of a small set of the software requirements and
iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the complete system is
implemented and ready to be deployed.
LAN. A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects
computers within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory,
or office building, using network media.
LAN base. Local Area Network is a computer network that interconnects
computers in a limited area.

Likert Scale. Is a psychometric scale commonly involved in research that
employs questionnaires.
Limitation. a limiting rule or circumstance; a restriction.
Literature. written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting
artistic merit.
Logistics - Logistics is the management of the flow of resources between the
point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet some
requirements, for example, of customers or corporations.
Manual. Operated with the hands employing human rather than mechanical
energy. Of, relating to, or involving the hands. Worked or done by hand and
not by machine.
Manual calculating. requires a physical ballot that represents voter intent.
The physical ballots are read and interpreted; then results are individually
tabulated.
Marred . To inflict damage, especially disfiguring damage, on. To detract from
the perfection or wholeness of SPOIL.
Mitigate. To moderate (a quality or condition) in force or intensity; alleviate. To
cause to become less harsh or hostile.

Novelty. is the quality of being new, or following from that, of being striking,
original or unusual. It is something new or unusual.
Optical Mark Recognition (OMR).is a technology that uses an optical
scanner and computer software to recognize the presence of marks in
predestinated areas and assign a value to the mark depending on its specific
location and intensity on a page.
Planning. facilitates complex automation of the work of Electoral
Commissions during planning and preparation of events, and conduct of
elections and referenda.
Plebiscites. the direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an
important public question such as a change in the constitution. A vote by
which the people of an entire country or district express an opinion for or
against a proposal especially on a choice of government or ruler
Precinct. A district, as of a city, marked out for governmental or administrative
purposes, or for police protection. A part of a territory with definite bounds or
functions often established for administrative purposes.
Primitives. A person belonging to a preliterate, nonindustrial society or
culture. An original draft, minute, or record of a document or transaction.

Propose.put forward (an idea or plan) for consideration or discussion by
others.
Protocols. the official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state
or diplomatic occasions. An original draft, minute, or record of a document or
transaction. A preliminary memorandum often formulated and signed by
diplomatic negotiators as a basis for a final convention or treaty. A preliminary
memorandum often formulated and signed by diplomatic negotiators as a
basis for a final convention or treaty
Radio Frequency Identification. The use of radio waves to read and capture
information stored on a tag attached to an object. Need to be within direct line-
of-sight of the reader to be tracked
Range. the area of variation between upper and lower limits on a particular
scale.
Relevance. is simply the noun form of the adjective "relevant," which means
"important to the matter at hand.
Reliable. consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted.
Repercussions. An unintended consequence occurring sometime after an
event or action, esp. an unwelcome one. An action or effect given or exerted in

return; a reciprocal action or effect. A widespread, indirect, or unforeseen
effect of an act, action, or event.
Research Methodology. The process used to collect information and data for
the purpose of making business.
Researcher. is someone who conducts research, i.e., an organized and
systematic investigation into something.
Results. Providing updated information about voter participation during the
voting procedure, processing of preliminary information about voting results,
and preparation of materials for publication. Data received after processing a
query.
Reusability. (reusable) reclaimable: capable of being used again. Capable of
being used again or repeatedly.
SCC (Student Coordinating Council).The Student Coordinating Council
helps the student to become a good leader, to build a unity within a campus
that will enhance one student skills and ability, to be more responsible and to
build student’s self-confidence
Scope. the extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to
which it is relevant.
Secured. Free from risk of loss; safe.

Significance. the quality of being worthy of attention; importance.
Sluggish. Displaying little movement or activity
SMART Card. a plastic card with a built-in microprocessor, used typically for
electronic processes such as financial transactions and personal identification.
Specification. an act of describing or identifying something precisely or of
stating a precise requirement.
Staggered. walk or move unsteadily, as if about to fall. To reel from side to
side and to waver in purpose or action.
Statistical -of or relating to the use of statistics.
Steganography. Steganography is the art and science of encoding hidden
messages in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended
recipient, suspects the existence of the message.
Student database. The files which all the information about the students are
listed or collected by the computer.
Studies. a work of literature or art treating a subject in careful detail and
typically done as an exercise in technique, experimentation, or exploration.

Suffrage. The right to vote in political elections. A short intercessory prayer
usually in a series. A vote given in deciding a controverter question or electing
a person for an office or trust.
Synthesis. the action or process of intervening.
System. A set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an
interconnecting network. A group of devices or artificial objects or an
organization forming a network especially for distributing something or serving
a common purpose.
Tabulated. arrange (data) in tabular form.
Tallying. To calculate the total number of the votes. To record on or as if on a
tally. To make a tally by or as if by tabulating and to register a point in a
contest.
Tamper. Interfere with (something) in order to cause damage or make
unauthorized alterations. To drive in or down by a succession of light or
medium blows.
Tedious . Too long, slow, or dull: tiresome or monotonous. Tiresome because
of length or dullness.
The Precinct Count Optical Scanner (PCOS) machine. It is a machine use
in today’s generation for an automated election for the fast voting and election
process.
The Student Coordinating Council. is the highest governing body and
official representative of the students.
Theoretical. Concerned with or involving the theory of a subject or area of the
study rather than its practical application. Relating to or having the character of
theory. Confined to theory or speculation often in contrast to practical
applications.
Theoretical Framework. is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a
research study.
User-friendly. easy to learn, use, understand, or deal with
Verbal interpretation. the systematic discovery of literal sense of recorded
language.
Verification. the process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or validity of
something.
Versatility. Having a wide variety of skills. The quality or state of being
versatile.
Voting. A usually formal expression of opinion or will in response to a
proposed decision; especially: one given as an indication of approval or
disapproval of a proposal, motion, or candidate for office.
CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This Chapter presents the foreign literatures, local literatures, foreign
studies and local studies that the researchers found as references in the system
they are proposing. It includes the synthesis and relevance of the reviewed
literature and studies.
Foreign Literatures
According to Abu-Shanab E., Knight M. and Refai H., 2010 E-voting
systems include three actors: voter, registration authorities and tallying
authorities. Voters have the right for voting, and registration authorities register
eligible voters before the “election day”. These authorities ensure that only
registered voters can vote and they vote only once on the election’s day and
tallying authorities collect the cast votes and tally the results of the election. The
literature presents four categories of e-voting, depending on the level of security,
privacy, and trust that they maintain. In trusted authority systems the election
officials are trusted to maintain the integrity of the election, voter privacy is
somehow maintained and vote tampering is prevented in this system. In
individually verifiable systems conducting the e-voting process is secured,
efficient and private elections are possible, the disadvantage of this type is that
the voter is responsible for insuring that his vote has been accounted for in the
final election tally, these systems are impractical for civic elections as no
independent observer can verify the elections. Voting on the Internet has
disadvantages based on the areas of secrecy and protection against coercion
and/or vote selling. It’s such a truly bad idea that there seems to be no credible
academic effort to deploy it at all. The Kenyan General elections of 2007 brought
national attention to problems with current methods of casting and counting votes
in public elections. Most people believe that the current system should be
changed; there is much disagreement on how such changes should be made.

http://mrp.ase.ro/no23/f3.pdf (2010)
According to Godin D. 2015, "Meet the voting machine so easy to attack",
an electoral voting machine (AVS WINVote) in Virginia, USA was found out to be
unsecured and hack-able because its system design has flaws, it is said that
even a unskilled person can easily tamper the vote data, when put in to the test
the said machine is proven to be unsecured and is vulnerable to attacks.
The AVS WIN Vote, made by Advanced Voting Solutions, runs a version
of Windows XP Embedded which lost the support of Microsoft in its security
updates, making it vulnerable to known software exploits that completely hijack
the underlying machine. Making matters worse, the machine uses no firewall and
exposes several important Internet ports. It uses the default password of "admin,"
"abcde," and "shoup" to lock down its Windows administrator account, Wi-Fi
network, and voting results database respectively. The weak passwords—which
are hard-coded and can't be changed—were only one item on a long list of
critical defects uncovered by the review. The Wi-Fi network the machines use is
encrypted with wired equivalent privacy, an algorithm so weak that it takes as
little as 10 minutes for attackers to break a network's encryption key. The
shortcomings of Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) have been so well-known that it
was banished in 2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE), the world's largest association of technical professionals.

http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/04/meet-the-e-voting-machine-so-easy-
to-hack-it-will-take-your-breath-away/
According to Computer scientists who have done work in, or are interested
in, electronic voting all seem to agree on two things:
1. Internet voting does not meet the requirements for public elections.
2. Currently widely – deployed voting systems need improvement.
Voting on the internet using every day PC’s offers only weak security, but
its main disadvantages are in the areas of anonymity and protection against
coercion and / or vote selling. It’s such a truly bad idea that there seems to be no
credible academic effort to deploy it at all. The presidential elections of (2000)
brought national attention to problems with current American methods of casting
and counting votes in public elections. Most people believe that the current
systems should be changed; there is much disagreement on how such changes
should be made. The MIT/Caltech researchers. See a promising future for
electronic voting, despite its problems today (under a few conditions). They
advocate using the methods currently in use which result in the lowest average
numbers of uncounted, unmarked, and spoiled ballots, like in precinct optical
scanning. Their report even proposes a framework for a new voting system with
a decentralized, modular design.
http:/lorrie.cranor.org/pubs/voting.html> (2000)
According to Mari A. 2014, the article discuss about the system
vulnerabilities that was found in the e-voting system that could potentially tamper
the voting results of the Brazilian election.
A public test of the equipment conducted by security and encryption
specialists from Uni camp and Universidad de Brasília, suggests that it is
possible to easily break the secrecy of the machine and unscramble the order of
votes recorded by the device.
Another issue is that the Brazilian machines, which are based on the Direct
Recording Electronic (DRE) model, do not produce a physical proof that the vote
has been recorded. This means there is a constant danger of large-scale
software fraud, as well as other non-technical tampering that could be
perpetrated by former or current electoral justice staff and go totally undetected.
http://www.zdnet.com/article/fraud-possible-in-brazils-e-voting-system/ (2014)
According to Rehmeyer J. 2014, a group of computer scientist had
designed an encrypted voting system as challenged by a person named Dana
Beauvoir during a computer voting security conference.
Computer scientists had been sounding alarms about the rampant security
flaws in voting machines for years, and the manufacturers had not responded.
Dana Beauvoir outlined four requirements. First, the system had to use
inexpensive, off-the-shelf hardware. Second, voters had to know that their votes
were counted accurately and that the election outcome was correct. Third, voter
privacy had to be protected — in particular, vote-selling had to be impossible,
allowing no way for a voter to show anyone else their vote. And finally, it had to
be convenient and practical, requiring few extra steps for voters or election
officials.
The group of scientist central tool was cryptography, the same idea that
allows to safely sending credit card number over the Internet via encrypted
numbers. It essentially creates an automatic recount every election, without the
expense of lawyers and the immense effort involved in traditional methods.
http://discovermagazine.com/2014/julyaug/1-lock-the-vote
According to Keating D. 2004, before the law was passed on using of e-
voting system in the government of US there has been many objection and
security issues that was discussed and debated because of the possible
vulnerability and security concerns.
They said voters will benefit from the new machines because thousands of
ballots will be saved from mistakes such as the hanging chad, which they said
was a far greater problem than the possibility of a hidden error. They said
receipts would lead to jammed printers, confused voters and the burden of
handling tons of paper.
Voters using screens similar to ATMs are guided step-by-step through a
ballot. They cannot pick too many candidates or leave marks that would have to
be scrutinized to guess their intent. Counts will be generated automatically and
almost instantaneously. There will be no paper ballots to transport, store or pore
over. Advocates said recounts will be a thing of the past.
One of the biggest raised was the lack of a paper trail. For bank ATMs,
customers receive a monthly statement to make sure the bank has not made
errors or hackers have not stolen credit card numbers. Electronic voting provides
no way to know if anyone made a mistake or hacked the system.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A59554-2004Oct24.html
According to Mercuri R. (n.d) invented the Mercuri Method for electronic
voting. A critical component of this method is very similar to the Caltech/MIT
proposal: a voting machine must produce human – readable hardcopy paper
results, which can be verified by the voter before the vote is cast, and manually
recounted later if necessary. Her philosophy and Neumann’s are very similar; in
fact, they’ve written papers together on the subject.

Mercuri and Neumann advocate the use of this technique in electronic
voting systems. Dr. Michael Shamos of Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
provides a sharp counterpoint to Neumann and Mercuri’s views while his six
commandments, summary of requirements for a voting system is very similar to
other’s requirements, he’s less afraid of the catastrophic failures and sweeping
fraud made possible by imperfections in electronic voting machines actually
occurring in a real election. Shamos is also much less impressed with paper
ballots than are Neumann and Mercuri. He places a great deal of faith in
decentralization to make fraud difficult to commit and easy to detect. Dr. Shamos
even likes Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) machines. (We must take into
account the fact that this paper was written ten years ago, long before the 2000
elections and before more modern mathematical results like Chaum’s; some of
Dr. Shamos’ opinions may have changed since then. While Dr. Neumann’s talk
cited here is of similar age, his pessimism with regard to machines has had little
for change.)
http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~rubin/courses/sp03/group-reports/group8/group8_lit-
review
According to Chaum D. (n.d) (Secret – Ballot Receipts and Transparent
Integrity) presents a very interesting scheme, whereby voters could get receipts
for their votes. This receipt would allow them to know if their votes were included
in the final tally or not, and to prove that they voted without revealing any
information about how they voted. The security of this scheme depends on visual
cryptography developed by Naor and Shamir, and on voters randomly choosing
one of two pieces of paper.
http://www.vreceipt.com/article.pdf (2010)
Local Literature
According to Inocencio V. Ferrer Memorial School of Fisheries Automated
Voting System (Soledad, Lamis, Valenzuela 2010) their voting system is
seemingly simple, and its advantages scream out at you. If implemented without
hitches, it allows for fast, virtually instantaneous tabulation of votes.
The electronic voting system provided a background on the basics of
online/automated elections, the components needed to make it possible, the
methods that would be employed to guarantee the integrity safety of the votes, a
discussion on the general feasibility as grounded to the advantages and
disadvantages of the technology, and everything was then contextualized to fit
the circumstances of the election.
One of the reasons our electronic voting system has been praised so
highly is that it’s designed around the idea that all parties, citizens and election
commissions are able to audit the electoral process at every stage, including
before an election has even begun.

Every country has different needs. That’s why every electronic voting solution we
design is different. Having said that, whatever system we design to meet your
country’s laws and requirements, we can guarantee one thing – that it will lead to
fast, legitimate results.
http://www.smartmatic.com/voting/electronic-voting/ (2010)
According Florida 2000 presidential elections, the inadequacies of widely-
used punch card voting systems have become well understood by the general
population. This has led to increasingly widespread adoption of “direct recording
electronic” (DRE) voting systems. DRE systems, generally speaking, completely
eliminate paper ballots from the voting process. As with traditional elections,
voters go to their home precinct and prove that they are allowed to vote there,
perhaps by presenting an ID card, although some states allow voters to cast
votes without any identification at all. After this, the voter is typically given a PIN
or a smartcard or some other token that allows them to approach a voting
terminal, enter the PIN or smartcard, and then vote for their candidates of choice.
When the voter’s selection is complete, DRE systems will typically present a
summary of the voter’s selections, giving them a final chance to make changes.
Subsequent to this, the ballot is “cast” and the voter is free to leave. The most
fundamental problem with such a voting system is that the entire election hinges
on the correctness, robustness, and security of the software within the voting
terminal. Should that code have security relevant flaws, they might be exploitable
either by unscrupulous voters or by malevolent insiders. Such insiders include
election officials, the developers of the voting system, and the developers of the
embedded operating system on which the voting system runs. If any party
introduces flaws into the voting system software or takes advantage of pre-
existing flaws, then the results of the election cannot be assured to accurately
reflect the votes legally cast by the voters. The only known solution to this
problem is to introduce a “voter-verifiable audit trail.” [DMNW03]. Most
commonly, this is achieved by adding a printer to the voting terminal. When the
voter finishes selecting candidates, a ballot is printed on paper and presented to
the voter. If the printed ballot reflects the voter’s intent, the ballot is saved for
future reference. If not, the ballot is mechanically destroyed. Using this “Mercuri
method,” [Mer00] the tally of the paper ballots takes precedence over any
electronic tallies. As 2 a result, the correctness of the voting terminal software no
longer matters; either a voting terminal prints correct ballots or it is taken out of
service.
“Certified” DRE systems many government entities have adopted
paperless DRE systems without appearing to have critically questioned the
security claims made by the systems’ vendors. Until recently, such systems have
been dubiously “certified” for use without any public release of the analyses
behind these certifications, much less any release of the source code that might
allow independent third parties to perform their own analyses. Some vendors
have claimed “security through obscurity” as a defense, despite the security
community’s universally held belief in the inadequacy of obscurity to provide
meaningful protection. “Security through obscurity” is a long-rejected theory that
systems can be made more secure by simply hiding the security mechanisms
from public view. While this theory has some validity in situations where the need
for security is not great — hiding a spare key to a liquor cabinet just out of sight
of small children — the theory has been soundly rejected as a means of serious
security [Ker83]. This is because it has the twin faults of not providing serious
security from real attackers, who can easily overcome minimal security
measures, and of limiting public and general security oversight of the system,
which has proven to be the best method for creating and maintaining a truly
secure system [Sch00]. Indeed, source code that appears to correspond to a
version of Diebold’s voting system appeared recently on the Internet. This
appearance, announced by Bev Harris and discussed in her book, Black Box
Voting [Har03], gives us a unique opportunity to analyze a widely used,
paperless DRE system and evaluate the manufacturer’s security claims. To the
best of our knowledge, the code (hereafter referred to as the “Diebold code”) was
discovered by others on a publicly available Diebold ftp site in January, 2003. It
has since been copied to other sites around the world and its release has been
the subject of numerous press reports. To the authors’ knowledge, Diebold has
raised no objection to the broad publication and republication of the code to date.
Jones discusses the origins of this code in extensive detail [Jon03].
https://www.cs.cornell.edu/people/egs/cornellonly/syslunch/fall03/voting.pdf
According to Swierenga, S. J., & Pierce, G. L. 2012, usable voting
systems are key to a successful voting experience for everyone, but are
especially important for persons with disabilities. Voting systems need to be
designed so that these voters can effectively interact with a voting system in a
reasonable amount of time and without discomfort. The overall goal of the
research was to develop a suitable, rigorous test protocol for a Voting System
Test Laboratory (VSTL) to conduct usability conformance testing of accessible
voting systems with persons who are blind, have low vision, or have dexterity
impairments in order to ensure that they can vote independently. We first
conducted a gap analysis and formal study of existing conformance tests and
methodologies for conducting usability tests for accessibility. We then developed
and refined tests and protocols appropriate to the selected demographic groups,
before conducting and analyzing dry runs of the test protocol using multiple
voting systems to get expert timings. The materials that were developed are
intended to be used in pilot testing.
http://usability.msu.edu/research/projects/accessible-voting-systems (2012)
Foreign Studies
According to computer experts from the Chaos Computer Club (CCC)
2000, electronic voting is introduced for the Bundestag election. The German
electronic voting is regulated by §35 of the Bundeswahlgesetz (BWG) and the
Bundeswahlgeräteverordnung. The electronic voting machines used are the
ESD1 and ESD2 from the (Dutch) company Nedap/HSG Wahlsysteme GmbH.
For the Bundestag elections of 2005, electronic voting machines were utilized in
about 30 constituencies, which consist of almost 2000 (1831) of the 80.000
polling stations and more than two million voters. However, there are ideas to
introduce a new type of electronic voting. The city of Hamburg had planned to
use electronic voting for the state parliament election in 2008.
The Nedap computers can be manipulated and misused. They also take the view
that electronic voting machines were undemocratic as only small elite of
computer experts can check them, while every citizen can control a traditional
election. For them the use of electronic voting machines has no advantage
because the safer you make the computers, the more expensive they become.
As a result, the CCC demands the prohibition of electronic voting machines.
http://www.elections.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/Elections2011/fr/presentation
/bevoting-1_gb.pdf (2000)
According to independent group of international experts with experience of
analyzing e-voting systems around the world.( May 2014) The e-voting system
places complete trust in the server that counts the votes at the end of the election
process. Votes are decrypted and counted entirely within the unobservable
“black box” of the counting server. This creates an opportunity for an attacker
who compromises this server to modify the results of the vote counting.
The researchers demonstrated that they can infect the counting server
with vote-stealing malware. In this attack, a state-level attacker or a dishonest
election official inserts a stealthy form of infectious code onto a computer used in
the pre-election setup process. The infection spreads via software DVDs used to
install the operating systems on all the election servers. This code ensures that
the basic checks used to ensure the integrity of the software would still appear to
pass, despite the software having been modified. The attack’s modifications
would replace the results of the vote decryption process with the attacker’s
preferred set of votes, thus silently changing the results of the election to their
preferred outcome.
https://estoniaevoting.org/findings/summary/ (2014)
According to Madise, 2006 e-Voting, in the wider definition recommended
by the Council of Europe, is the use of electronic means in one or several means
of election procedures. In this sense, e-Voting has existed in Estonia for years:
the lists of the voters were already processed electronically, and in 2002 the
National electoral Committee started using the Internet to transfer data However,
since the focus of this overview is the actual voting, these developments won’t be
discussed further. The possibilities of implementing e-Voting have been
discussed in Estonia since 2001.
The Estonian system uses a security architecture that may have been
adequate when the system was introduced a decade ago, but it is now
dangerously out of date. Since the time the system was designed, state-level
cyber-attacks have become a very real threat. Recent attacks by China against
U.S. companies, by the U.S. against Iran, and by the telecoms demonstrate the
proliferation and sophistication of state-level attackers. Estonia itself suffered
massive denial-of-service attacks in 2007 attributed to Russia.
Estonia’s system places extreme trust in election servers and voters’ computers
— all easy targets for a foreign power. The report demonstrates multiple ways
that today’s state-level attackers could exploit the Estonian system to change
votes, compromise the secret ballot, disrupt elections, or cast doubt on the
fairness of results.
http://www.elections.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/Elections2011/fr/presentation
/bevoting-1_gb.pdf
Local Studies
Researchers chose the given local studies since it implies the necessity of
the government in school and community to come up with an accurate way of
voting system in regards of different factors to be considered. Electronic voting or
E-voting system became handy in universities and college to cast vote through
means of systems programmed to perform electoral procedures in simple and
convenient ways. The call for honest canvassing of vote in easier means helped
in the invention of e-voting in school and in our national election held on May
2010. Since the country were used to ballot boxes and counting the votes
manually, programmers came to an idea and proposed the e-voting system.
Even though it shows circumstances like the illiteracy of people in operating the
system and lack of knowledge about the system itself, we can assured that every
vote from it counts. The operations in the system were programmed to meet the
needs of the community for honestly voting.
According to (Pan pacific University North Philippines) The effectiveness
of e-voting system compared to the manual voting before; theComputer Wizard
Society(CWS) advisers will encode the names of the candidates with a circle
before it, which will be shaded by the voters in a piece of small paper. These
papers will be the voting paraphernalia that will be distributed in each classroom
of the CCS students by the CCS faculty members. After the election, all the
distributed paper ballots will be collected by the CCS faculty members and they
will tally the number of votes gained by the candidates through manual counting
and after that, the results will be given to the CWS Adviser who will then
announce the newly elected officers. In order to resolve these situations, the
technology of electronic voting (e-voting) comes into existence. By using
information technology, e-voting system can cast and count votes with higher
convenience and efficiency, even make the electoral procedures simple and
reduce the mistake rate of ballot examination. The studies show that there are
lots of advantages through the use of e-voting system. Some of its advantages
are; it is faster and convenient to use, e-voting has higher security. It also
lessens human error and produces accurate election results.
However, the study has the following delimitations; the election will be conducted
inside the Panpacific University North Philippines (PUNP) e-laboratory and e-
library using the e-voting system. The proposed system is exclusively for the
College of Computer Studies (CCS) students. Once registered, a voter must cast
only one vote using the ID number.
http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/E-Voting-System-Of-Panpacific-
University-North/195002
According to University of the Philippines-Diiman as the Philippines
prepares for its first automated national elections on May (2010), which has
implemented automated voting for all its local student university-wide elections
since 2009. While the framework of the U.P. Diliman voting system
(dubbed “Halalan”) requires no paper ballots and is thus radically different from
that which will be utilized in our own national polls, it may be a source of
inspiration and future lessons as our country adjusts to the prospect of an
automated electoral future.
The current Project Manager of Halalan, Rystraum Gamonez, a second
year Computer Science student at the U.P. College of Engineering explained that
Halalan was developed after members of his campus organization, the UP Linux
Users Group (UnPLUG), were watching a typically prolonged tabulation of paper
ballots for the University Student Council election, wondering whether an
automated voting system for the campus was possible. They scoured the Internet
for available election software for their purposes, only to find none. To their
credit, they decided then to develop one themselves, and the software they
developed was used, first in local College of Engineering elections, then by three
other colleges in their own local council elections, before it was finally adopted by
the entire university for the student council elections of 2009. The efforts of the
developers of Halalan have hardly remained anonymous. For developing the
Halalan software, UnPLUG won an award during the 2006 Software Freedom
Day, a worldwide celebration of Free and Open Source Software initiated
by Software Freedom International and co-sponsored then by IBM. The prize —
an IBM Power5 server which is currently used as the central server for Halalan.
Perhaps the most notable feature of the Halalan system is its utilization of open
source software. The code is freely available online (you can download it here),
under a GNU General Public License that generally allows for its use by anyone
for commercial or non-commercial purposes. It is free for use by a large
homeowner’s association in Paranaque, a university in Buenos Aires, or a local
government in Tanzania without fear of trampling on any intellectual property
rights or paying any fee to the developers. The code may also be modified for
idiosyncratic purposes, though under the license, any derivative of the original
code should be licensed under similar terms and conditions as the original.
The system of course could not run on software alone. In order that it
could run, it would require a network of computers connected to a web
server (such as Apache) and a database server (such as MySQL). Any computer
would do – it need not be a dedicated election machine – so lang as it could be
connected to the network. In the case of UP Diliman, an array of desktops or
laptops (as may be available to the individual colleges) is situated in the voting
precincts, each logged on to an IP address on the university-based DILNET
server.
Voting in UP Diliman proceeds in the following manner. The student goes
to the precinct, and presents to the poll clerk her/his student ID (or Form 5). Once
the poll clerk is satisfied that the voter is enrolled and thus eligible to vote, the
voter is given a password taken from a list of pre-prepared computer generated

passwords. The voter heads to the computer, and is confronted by a browser
screen. As required by the browser, the student logs in her/his student number
and the previously supplied password. If the log-in is successful, the student is
led to the online ballot, which features the contested positions, the names of the
candidates and their respective parties. Using a mouse, the voter clicks on the
empty boxes beside the names of their candidates of choice, thereby marking the
same. (There is also, in the UP system, a box for “Abstain”) Clicking the box
does not automatically record the vote, as the voter has the choice to review
her/his ballot and changing votes before finally confirming the same. Confirming
the ballot and thereby finalizing the votes requires the voter to go to the end of
the ballot and undertaking two steps: (1) typing in a Captcha code which ensures
that the ballot was accomplished through human selection; and (2) clicking on
the “Confirm” button. Once the ballot has been confirmed, the votes are
immediately recorded on the central server.
Assuming that these hurdles could be overcome in the future, is there a
need to amend our laws for automated voting? Republic Act No. 9369, which is
the current mandate for the COMELEC to adopt an automated election system,
permits the use of either a “paper-based or a direct recording electronic election
system as it may deem appropriate and practical for the process of voting,
counting of votes and canvassing/consolidation and transmittal of results of
electoral exercises”. (See Sec. 6) “Direct recording electronic election system” is

defined as “a type or automated election system that uses electronic ballots,
records, votes by means of a ballot display provided with mechanical or electro-
optical component that can be activated by the voter, processes data by means
of a computer programs, record voting data and ballot images, and transmits
voting results electronically”, a definition that plainly accommodates the Halalan
system. With only a few refinements in the software perhaps, it seems quite
feasible for the COMELEC to adopt the Halalan system for future elections,
provided that the benchmark of appropriateness and practicality (i.e., a stable
nationwide computer network) is also met.
https://lawinnovations.wordpress.com/2010/02/18/halalandiliman/
In this article of (COMELEC) this is the one problem of the Computer Science. A
memorandum, the Comelec said it would not be pilot-testing the direct recording
electronic (DRE) voting system, as this would just present an “unnecessary
hurdle” in the preparations for the May 2016 presidential polls.“The value of pilot-
testing the DRE technology and its potential to further revolutionize Philippine
elections are undeniable. However, present circumstances sway the undersigned
that pilot-testing the use of DRE voting machines in Pateros is an unnecessary
hurdle to the already daunting task of conducting the 2016 polls,” said the
memorandum signed by acting Comelec Chair Christian Robert Lim.

With the May 2016 elections involving the presidency, the Comelec said “pilot-
testing any innovation with the current election system… might not be the most
prudent course of action.”
In August 2014, the Comelec Advisory Council (CAC) recommended to
the Comelec the use of the DRE as a secondary technology and to pilot-test it in
an area with at least one voting center covering a minimum of 20,000 voters.
Earlier this month, the Comelec said it was suspending the public bidding for the
lease of DRE machines while it was reevaluating its plan to conduct a dry run of
the voting technology. The poll body cited the high cost of the DRE system which
would necessitate the acquisition of a large number of machines as each
machine can accommodate only 100 voters.
“The machine-voter ratio necessitates the acquisition of a considerable
number of machines and consequently translates to large cost implications,” it
said.
It said the agency’s present budget for the automation of the 2016 polls excludes
the procurement of DRE machines, source code review, and other related costs.
Another reason cited for abandoning the plan to pilot-test the new technology
was the potential problems arising from the voters’ and the Board of Election
Inspectors’ unfamiliarity with the DRE voting system. The Comelec also cited the
apparent apprehension expressed by several members of the Joint
Congressional Oversight Committee with the automated election system.

http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/688231/comelec-decides-against-testing-electronic-
voting-system-in-2016
According to the study of Electronic voting is a type of vote which is done
through electronic systems. Electronic voting also known as e-voting has include
on its technology optical scanning vote systems, punched cards and voting
kiosks which includes transmission of ballots and votes via Telephone, Internet
or Private computer networks. This voting kiosk includes a self-contained direct
recording electronic voting system also known as DRE.
There are two types of Electronic voting which can be identified as: e-
voting which is supervised physically by independent electoral authorities or
governmental representatives like the machines at polling stations and Remote
electronic voting is where the vote is not physically supervised by government or
independent representatives like voting from a personal computer, mobile phone
or television via the internet also known as i-voting.
A Voting machine is the combination of electromechanical, mechanical or
electronic equipment which includes its software, firmware and the required
documentation to program control and support equipment which is used to count
and cast votes, defined ballots, to display or report election result and to produce
and maintain audit trail information. This machine is able to provide the voter
immediate feedback such possible problem as over voting or under voting which
will result in a spoiled ballot. This machine has different levels of security,
usability, accuracy and efficiency. The first voting machine made was
mechanical. Now the most common machine use is electronic. Certain machines
may be more o less accessible for voters. The Chartists were a political and
social reform movement in the United Kingdom. They were the one’s who had
made the first proposal for the usage of vote machines in 1838.
Nowadays Electronic vote has become more popular around the world.
Some of the countries which uses electronic and vote on line are: United States,
Brazil, Australia, Canada, Belgium, Germany, Romania, France, Venezuela,
Philippines, The European Union, Switzerland, Italy, Norway, Romania and
United Kingdom. Electronic vote is very accessible for individuals with disabilities.
They have the ability to use joysticks, earphones, Sip and puff technology, foot
pedals, etc. These machines have touch screens which can display the
information in several languages and voting choices in audio for visual impaired
voters. This feature makes voting easier and comfortable for people with
disabilities.
Vote on line is a type of remote voting which can be done using the
Internet through a mobile phone or personal computer. Since 1997 there is a law
which allows American astronauts the ability to vote from the orbit. The vote will
be sent directly on a secure email to the Johnson Space Flight Center and it will
be delivered to the astronaut’s Home Counties. A few manufactures of these
electronic machines for voting on the U.S are: Hart Intercivic, ES.
http://www.bravenewballot.org/
Our recent elections have prompted calls for a reform of the voting system.
Many ideas have been put forward and one of the recommendations on the
cards is an e-voting system, which will reduce the chaos that often ensues on
election day. One of our Associate Members, Clint Diesto, from the Philippines,
has written an article on the recent introduction of computerized voting in his
country.
On 10 May 2010, after tremendous preparation, the Philippines
experienced its first Philippine Automated Elections, when the country
experienced the breakthrough of IT in the electoral process. It was provided by
the Philippine Republic Act 9369, which is known as the ‘Poll Automation Law’.
It gave a ‘fresh glimpse of experience’ to the national and local candidates and
most of all the voters, for them to see who automation polls gunned up with
more effective and efficient electoral processes from its casting of voters’
ballots until the canvassing and proclamation of the winners. Despite its
effective outcome of just ‘US presidential elections’, where presidential
candidates easily conceded, vote padding in an electronic version has been a
major allegation by some candidates who lost the election, specifically in the
vice presidential race, where the two front-runners are in the ‘neckline vote
margin’ (the runner-up of the said candidates claimed that ‘null votes’ should
be counted, since those are the votes of the electorate and cannot be
disregarded). But the new system of the electoral process here in the
Philippines, the Precinct Count Optical System, known as the ‘PCOS Machine’,
that was used during the said election disregarded null votes as a result of
over-voting, under-voting or some marking that was perhaps unintentionally
made by the voters. With the current scenarios like in the manual elections,
where ballot switching and tampering with election returns is very rampant,
how can the Philippine electoral system be in a good scenario wherein a new
system has been adopted since then?
Looking forward on the basis of the Philippine Constitution (1987 Philippine
Constitution), Article V states that the right of suffrage shall be exercised by
the country’s entire citizenry unless being disqualified by law and is very clear
that such is an eminent right and privilege (more emphasis on the second,
since not all citizens were granted their political rights, due to restriction on the
juridical capacity) that should be observed by the sovereign. Furthermore, the
rules of the Commission on Elections and their promulgation should observe
that the will of the people must be observed and not be denied by technical
problems, according to the fundamental doctrine of the Philippine election laws
in terms of their interpretation. Thus, vote buying and rules of appreciation of

ballots are different dealings whereby the former shall be strictly against any
person or candidate who contributes goods or money for the exchange of
votes while the latter speaks to the liberality of the counting of votes regardless
of strict regulation that did not initially become votes due to intentional fraud or
stray mistakes.
http://www.legalsecretaryjournal.com/?q=voting_reform_evoting_philippines_uk
Synthesis and Relevance of the Reviewed Literature and Studies
According to the many criticism and findings imposed that the e-voting
system is not safe entirely in its security and some transparency problems that
are found through many countries implementing such system for example in
Brazil when they found out the security flaws in their e-voting machine which is
based on Direct Recording Electronic (DRE), that do not produce physical proof
the vote has been recorded and in Virginia when the said machine is proven to
be vulnerable to attacks as it uses a weak protocols regarding the security. But in
some areas where simple e-voting systems were develop such as the STAR-
Vote: Secure, Transparent, Auditable, and Reliable Voting System which is low
cost but still effectively does it functions to the system security, management,
and transparency.
Although of the many issues regarding in e-voting system such as security
and reported attacks that the Irish government still tries to promote the
procurement of the e-voting system because it helps improve the accuracy,
efficiency, and user friendliness of the Irish elections.
The purposed of an Automated Election System is to deliver state of the
art of technology that is both efficient, allowing electoral authorities to utilize the
benefits of a computerized system and also practical, maintaining the basic
principles that the voters and election personnel are accustomed to. This solution
makes use of the technologies that allow electoral authorities to complete
counting and canvassing processes in a matter of hours. The system automates
the scanning counting, consolidation and transmission of the votes, in a secure
and traceable manner, reducing the chance of human error; tampering or fraud
attempts and increases the integrity of the elections. LAN Based Voting System
Integrated with Smartcard Technology for Student Coordinating Council in Cainta
Catholic College (College Department) that we are promoting is accurate,
secured, reliable, user-friendly and efficient that the voters and candidates can
assure that the results are dependable.

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the method of research, population, sample size
and sampling technique of the researchers conducted. It also includes the
description of the respondents, the research instruments, validation of
instrument, data gathering procedure, statistical treatment of data and the
software design and development tools.
Method of Research
The researchers conducted the study to develop a LAN Based Voting
System Integrated with Smartcard Technology for Student Coordinating Council
in Cainta Catholic College (College Department) as a solution to the problems of
the preceding manual voting system of the election for the Student Coordinating
Council in Cainta Catholic College.
In order to develop a functional system and to come up solutions for the
encountered problems, the researcher gathered necessary information or data.
The Researchers used the Descriptive Method using both qualitative and
quantitative approaches because the researchers observed and analyzed key
events and a survey method as an instrument for data-gathering and case study
and a systematic review the researchers observation and better implementation
of the approach to the process for a high quality output.

Population, Sample size, and Sampling Technique
Researcher conducted a survey and asked the students to participate to
gather the information needed in the study, a total of 400 respondents were
asked to participate. The qualified respondents are college students in Cainta
Catholic College.
Table 1. Population and Sample Size
Respondents Population Percentage
First Year 64 6%
Second Year 437 38%
Third Year 368 31%
Fourth Year 294 25%
Total 1163 100%
Description of Respondents
To represent the population for the College students, the researchers
used the stratified sample as shown below:

Table 2. Respondents of the study
Year Level Sample Population size Percentage
First Year 40 10%
Second Year 120 30%
Third Year 120 30%
Fourth Year 120 30%
Total: 400 100%
The table presents the chosen respondents of this research. The total
respondent of First Year College with the total of 40, Second Year College with
the Total of 120, Third Year College with the total of 120, Fourth Year College
with the total of 120. The sum of all students is 400 in all levels in college
department.
Research Instrument
The researchers designed a self-administered questionnaire for the data
gathering process to get qualitative and quantitative data. The primary aim of the
questionnaire is to prove that electronic voting system is more accurate and fast
than the existing system which is the manual voting system. Through questions,
the researcher will be able to limit responses that are within the scope of this
study.
Observation Research
To come up with the result on observation to the current setting and
practice is being observed by the researchers.
Library Research
This is used in gathering data through different reading material and
resources.
Internet Research
This helped the researchers on different related literature and studies
about the study. It also helped to gather information and give an idea about this
proposed system.
Interview Research
This research is use to gather data and information through actual
experiences of a person.
Survey Method
The researchers used the survey method to gather information or data by giving
questionnaire regarding the study.

Validation of Instruments
To be able to know the demographic profile of students in terms of age,
gender, year level and to evaluate the propose system in terms of accuracy,
efficiency, reliability, user friendliness and security to determine the significant
difference between existing system and the propose system.
The researchers conducted the following procedures below:
1. The first draft of the questionnaire was submitted to Mr. Jose Elvis
Salido Jr. the thesis adviser for correction after seeking, his suggestions
and comments were considered in preparing the final form of the
questionnaires. The grammar was being checked by Mrs. Jennifer
Yadao our thesis critique reader.
2. The researc1her distributed the questionnaire to the selected students
of Cainta Catholic College specifically in College Department. The
respondents were given enough time to answer the questions to avoid
errors.
3. Once the researchers gathered the questionnaire, the responses tallied
and tabulated.
Data Gathering Procedures
In this study the researcher used the primary and secondary sources
which helped in gathering information and the following research methods used.
Tabulating Data
Analysis and Interpretation
Statistical Treatment of Data
The following formula were used for the statistical treatment of data is
used to get the sample size of the respondents.
A. Slovin’s formula. Is used to calculate the sample size (n) given the
population size (N) and a margin of error (e). -It is computed as n = N / (1+Ne2). -
If a sample is taken from a population, a formula must be used to take into
account confidence levels and margins of error.
This is used to determine the frequency of the respondents who
participate the study.
Formula: Where:
n = N / (1+Ne2)
Sample Size Solution:

n= 400
e= 38% margin of error
N= 1163 college students of Cainta Catholic College
= N / (1 + Ne2)
= 1163 / (1 + 1163 * 0.052)
= 400
B. The percentage formula it is used to properly present the proportion

of the respondents’ data. The formula for the percentage is:
f
P= x 100
n
Where: n= population size
P = percentage
f = frequency
C. Weighted Mean Formula: The researchers used the measure of central
tendency to obtain descriptive shorthand of the entire data and describe
the population where the responses were gathered. It determined the
average value of responses that the respondents gave as an answer to the
survey questionnaire.
The statistical formula for the weighted mean is given by the formula:
TWF
Wm = --------
N
Where:
Wm = Weighted Mean
TWF = Total of the Products of the Weights Multiplied by their

corresponding Frequencies
N = Number of Raters or Total Frequency
D. The researchers used the measure of central tendency to obtain

descriptive shorthand of the entire data and describe the population
were the responses gathered. It determined the average value of
responses that the respondents gave as an answer to the survey
questionnaire.
To interpret the result a likert scale is used
Table 5: Likert Scale
Likert Scale Range Interpretation
4 3.25 – 4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.50 - 3.24 Agree
2 1.75- 2.49 Disagree
1 1.00 -1.74 Strongly Disagree

E. Significant Difference is used to determine the comparison of the

existing and proposed.
Where,
x1¯x1¯ = Mean of first set of values
x2¯x2¯ = Mean of second set of values
S1 = Standard deviation of first set of values
S2 = Standard deviation of second set of values
n1 = Total number of values in first set
n2 = Total number of values in second set
The formula for standard deviation is given by:
Where,
x = Values given
x¯x¯ = Mean
n = Total number of values.

Software Design and Development Tools
Iterative Model Design
In Iterative model, iterative process starts with a simple implementation of
a small set of the software requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving
versions until the complete system is implemented and ready to be deployed.
Figure 2: Show the diagram of Iterative Model in SDLC.
Iterative and Incremental development is a combination of both iterative
design or iterative method and incremental build model for development. "During
software development, more than one iteration of the software development

cycle may be in progress at the same time." and "This process may be described
as an "evolutionary acquisition" or "incremental build" approach."
Iterative Model Application
Like other SDLC models, Iterative and incremental development has some
specific applications in the software industry. This model is most often used in
the following scenarios:
 Requirements of the complete system are clearly defined and understood.
 Major requirements must be defined; however, some functionalities or
requested enhancements may evolve with time.
 There is a time to the market constraint.
 A new technology is being used and is being learnt by the development
team while working on the project.
 Resources with needed skill set are not available and are planned to be
used on contract basis for specific iterations.
 There are some high risk features and goals which may change in the
future.
CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter discusses the result of the survey questionnaire responded
by 400 respondents. The purpose of this study is provided for the researcher.
The research present by surveys in order to define if the questionnaire process
shows an important role in the respondents of the school.
Headings of topic.
Demographic Profile of the respondents.
The survey sample composed of students in Cainta Catholic College with 400
numbers of respondents.
The table below summarizes the age of the respondents.
Table 3. Age of Respondents
Age Frequency Percentage
16-17 88 22%
18-19 155 39%
20-21 137 34%
Others 20 5%
Total 400 100%

The number of students who participated is 400 students of Cainta
Catholic College. The respondents between 16-17 years old had a total
frequency of 88 with total percentage of 22%. 18-19 years old had a total
frequency of 155 with total percentage of 39%. 20-21years old has a total
frequency of 137 with the total percentage of 34%. While those 22 and above
had a total frequency of 20 with the total percentage of 5% .The equivalent of all
the ages of the respondents was 400 with a total percentage of 100%.
The table below summarizes the gender of the respondents
Table 4. Gender of Respondents
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 206 51%
Female 194 49%
Total 400 100%
The respondents of the study are the students of Cainta Catholic College
with the total of 400 students. The total frequency of male is 206 with total
percentage of 51% and female is has a total frequency of 194 with the total
percentage of 49% the results percentage of 100%.

The table below summarizes the year level of the respondents.
Table 8. Year level of Respondents
Year level Frequency Percentage
First Year 40 10%
Second Year 120 30%
Third Year 120 30%
Fourth Year 120 30%
Total 400 100%
The number of students who participated is 400 students of Cainta
Catholic College. The respondents in the first year level had a total frequency of
40 with the total percentage of 10%. The respondents of the second year level
had a total frequency of 120 with the total percentage of 30%. The respondents
in the third year level had a total frequency of 120 with the total percentage of
30%. The respondents of the fourth year level had a total frequency of 120 with
the total percentage of 30%. The equivalent respondents of the students are 400
with the total percentage of 100%.

Manual system’s Performance in terms of accuracy, efficiency,
reliability, user-friendliness and security.
Performance of AWM Verbal Rank
Manual System Interpretation
Accuracy 2.16 Disagree 3
Efficiency 2.33 Disagree 1
Reliability 2.15 Disagree 4
User-Friendliness 2.19 Disagree 2
Security 2.14 Disagree 5
Table 9. Performance of the Existing System
This content shows the performance of the existing system. In terms of its
accuracy it gathered an average weighted mean of 2.16 with a verbal
interpretation of disagree and ranked as 3. In terms of efficiency it gathered an
average weighted mean of 2.33 with the verbal interpretation of disagree and
ranked as 1. In terms reliability it gathered an average weighted mean of 2.15
with a verbal interpretation of disagree and ranked as 4. In terms User-
Friendliness it gathered an average weighted mean of 2.19 with the verbal
interpretation of disagree and ranked as 2. In terms of Security it gathered an
average weighted mean of 2.14 with a verbal interpretation of disagree and

ranked as 5. The result shows that the existing system has a poor performance
and no longer effective.
Election System in terms of ACCURACY
The study measured the performance of the Manual Election System in
terms of accuracy. Table 10 summarized the reactions of the respondents.
Student’s opinion about the Weighted Interpretation Rank

performance of the Manual Election Mean
System in terms of ACCURACY.
1. The voting system presents the 2.19 Disagree 1
correct list of voters and precinct.
2. The voting system captures the 2.17 Disagree 2
exact result of votes.
3. The voting system provides 2.12 Disagree 3
counted votes without error
encountered.
Table 10. Responses of the Respondents with the Performance of the
Manual Election System in terms of ACCURACY
The student’s opinion in terms of the accuracy that have a correct list of
voters and precinct it gathered an average weighted mean of 2.19 and was
verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 1. In terms of captures the exact
result of votes it gathered an average of weighted mean of 2.17 and was verbally
interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 2. In providing of counting of votes without

error encountered it gathered an average of weighted mean of 2.12 and was
verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 3. The result shows that the
respondents aren’t agree in the performance of manual election system in terms
of its accuracy which means that the existing system is accurateness.
Election System in terms of EFFICIENCY
The study measured the performance of the Manual Election

System in terms of efficiency. Table 11 summarized the reactions of the
respondents.

performance of the Manual Mean
Election System in terms of
EFFICIENCY.
1. The system provides efficient 2.40 Disagree 1
pre-voting step by step process.
2. The system provides 2.29 Disagree 3
convenience in voting by selecting
the chosen candidates.
3. Minimal manpower is necessary 2.30 Disagree 2
in vote counting.

Manual Election System in terms of EFFICEINCY.
The student’s opinion in terms of the efficiency providing efficient pre-
voting step by step process it gathered an average weighted mean of 2.40 and
was verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 1. In terms of the efficiency
of providing convenience in voting by selecting the chosen candidates it gathered
an average of weighted mean of 2.29 and was verbally interpreted as Disagree
and ranked as 3. In terms of minimal manpower is necessary in vote counting it
gathered an average of weighted mean of 2.30 and was verbally interpreted as
Disagree and ranked as 2 the result shows that the respondents aren’t agree in
the performance of manual election system in terms of its efficiency which means
that the existing system is inefficient.
Election System in terms of REALIABILITY
terms of reliability. Table 12 summarized the reactions of the respondents.

System in terms of REALIABILITY.
1. The voting system shows good 2.08 Disagree 3
election procedure.
2. The voting system gives valuable 2.19 Disagree 1
result.
3. The voting system requires simple 2.18 Disagree 2
effort.
Manual Election System in terms of RELIABILITY.
The student’s opinion in terms of the reliability shows good election
procedure gathered an average weighted mean of 2.08 and was verbally
interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 3. In terms of the reliability gives valuable
result it gathered an average of weighted mean of 2.19 and was verbally
interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 1. In terms of reliability requires simple
effort it gathered an average of weighted mean of 2.18 and was verbally
interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 2. The result shows that the respondents
aren’t agree in the performance of manual election system in terms of its
reliability which means that the existing system is undependable and fraudulent.
Election System in terms of USER-FRIENDLINESS

System in terms of USER-
FRIENDLINESS.
1. The voting system provides easy 2.18 Disagree 2.5
navigation of result.
2. It offers easy access in voting. 2.18 Disagree 2.5
3. The voting system contains 2.21 Disagree 1
understandable procedures.
terms of user-friendliness. Table 13 summarized the reactions of the
respondents.
Manual Election System in terms of USER-FRIENDLINESS.
The student’s opinion in terms of the user-friendliness providing easy
navigation of result it gathered an average weighted mean of 2.18 and was
verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 2.5 In terms of the reliability it
offers easy access in voting it gathered an average of weighted mean of 2.18
and was verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 2.5. In terms of user-
friendliness the voting system contains understandable procedures it gathered an
average of weighted mean of 2.21 and was verbally interpreted as Disagree and
ranked as 1. The result shows that the respondents aren’t agree in the
performance of manual election system in terms of its reliability which means that
the existing system is undependable and fraudulent.
Election System in terms of SECURITY
terms of security. Table 14 summarized the reactions of the respondents

performance of the Manual Mean
SECURITY.
1.The administrator take control 2.10 Disagree 3
throughout the entire election
2. The voting system prevents 2.14 Disagree 2
double voting or flying voters.
3. It secures the information of 2.17 Disagree 1
each candidate.
Table 14. Responses of the Respondents with the Performance of
the Manual Election System in terms of SECURITY
The student’s opinion in terms of the security that administrator take
control throughout the entire election in manual election system it gathered an
average weighted mean of 2.10 and was verbally interpreted as Disagree and
ranked as 3. In terms of the security of the voting system prevents double voting
or flying voters in manual election it gathered an average of weighted mean of
2.14 and was verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 2. It secures the
information of each candidate it gathered an average of weighted mean of 2.17
and was verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 1 The result shows that
the respondents aren’t agree in the performance of manual election system in
terms of its security which means that the existing system is uncertainty and no
longer secured.
Proposed election system’s Performance in terms of accuracy, efficiency,
reliability, user-friendliness and security.
Manual system’s Performance in terms of accuracy, efficiency, reliability,
user-friendliness and security.
Performance of AWM Verbal Rank
Proposed System Interpretation
Accuracy 3.33 Strongly Agree 3
Efficiency 3.27 Strongly Agree 5
Reliability 3.34 Strongly Agree 2
User-Friendliness 3.45 Strongly Agree 1
Security 3.31 Strongly Agree 4
Total 3.34 Strongly Agree
Table 15. Performance of the Proposed System
The performance of the proposed system in terms of its accuracy it
gathered an average weighted mean of 3.33 with a verbal interpretation of
strongly agree and ranked as 3. In terms of its Efficiency it gathered an average
weighted mean of 3.27 with a verbal interpretation of strongly agree and ranked
as 5. In terms of its Reliability it gathered an average weighted mean of 3.34 with
a verbal interpretation of strongly agree and ranked as 2. In terms of its User-
friendliness it gathered an average weighted mean of 3.45% with a verbal
interpretation of strongly agree and ranked as 1. In terms of its security it
gathered an average weighted mean of 3.31 with a verbal interpretation of
strongly agree and ranked as 4.The result shows the performance of the
proposed Election system in terms of accuracy, efficiency, reliability, user-
friendliness and security it gathered a total average weighted mean of 3.30 with a
verbal interpretation of strongly agree which means that almost of the
respondents are strongly agree to the proposed system, therefore the it is more
effective than the existing system.
Election System using Smart Card in terms of ACCURACY
performance of the Proposed Election Mean
System in terms of ACCURACY.
1. The proposed system presents the 3.36 Strongly 2
correct list of voters and precinct. Agree

2. The proposed system captures the exact 3.39 Strongly 1
result of votes. Agree
3. The proposed system provides counted 3.24 Agree 3
votes without error encountered.
The study measured the performance of the Proposed Election System in
terms of accuracy. Table 16 summarized the reactions of the respondents.
Proposed Election System in terms of ACCURACY
According from the survey most of the student’s perceptions are strongly
agree in terms of the proposed election system’s accurateness. In terms of the
correct list of voters and precinct it results an average weighted mean of 3.36
and was ranks as 2. On the other hand the exact result of votes in gathered an
average weighted mean of 3.39 and was verbally interpreted as strongly agree
and ranked 1. Meanwhile in counted votes without error encountered it gathered
an average result 3.24 and was verbally interpreted as Agree and ranked as 3. It
means that the proposed election system is more accurate than the existing
system.
Election System using Smart Card in terms of Efficiency
terms of efficiency. Table 17 summarized the reactions of the respondents.


performance of the Proposed Mean
EFFICIENCY
1. The proposed system provides 3.28 Strongly 2
efficient pre-voting step by step Agree
processes.
2. The proposed system provides 3.19 Agree 3
Convenience in voting by selecting the
chosen candidates.
3. Minimal manpower is necessary in 3.34 Strongly 1
vote counting. Agree
Table 17. Perception of the Respondents with the performance of the
Proposed Election System in terms of EFFICIENCY
agree in terms of the proposed election system’s Efficiency. In terms of providing
efficient pre-voting step by step processes an average weighted mean of 3.28
and was verbally interpreted as strongly agree ranked as 2. On the other hand
the providing Convenience in voting by selecting the chosen candidates it
gathered an average weighted mean of 3.19 and was verbally interpreted as
Agree and ranked 3. Meanwhile in Minimal manpower is necessary in vote
counting it gathered an average result 3.34 and was verbally interpreted as

strongly agree and ranked as 1. It means that the proposed election system is
more efficient than the existing system.
Election System using Smart Card in terms of Reliability
terms of Reliability. Table 18 summarized the reactions of the respondents.

performance of the Proposed Mean
RELIABILITY
1 The proposed system shows the 3.36 Strongly 2
good election procedure. Agree
2. The proposed system gives 3.47 Strongly 1
valuable result Agree
3. The proposed system requires 3.20 Agree 3
simple effort.
Proposed Election System in terms of Reliability
agree in terms of the proposed election system’s Reliability. In terms of shows
the good election procedure an average weighted mean of 3.36 and was verbally
interpreted as strongly agree ranked as 2. In terms of the proposed system gives

valuable result gathered an average weighted mean of 3.47 and was verbally
interpreted as strongly agree and ranked 1. Meanwhile in requires simple effort it
gathered an average result 3.20 and was verbally interpreted as Agree and
ranked as 3. It means that the proposed election system is more reliable than the
existing system.
Election System using Smart Card in terms of USER-FRIENDLINESS
terms of user-friendliness. Table 19 summarized the reactions of the
respondents.
Student’s opinion about the performance of Weighted Interpretation Rank
the Proposed Election System in terms of Mean
USER-FRIENDLINESS
1. The proposed system provides easy navigation 3.46 Strongly 1.5
of results. Agree
2. It offers easy access in voting. 3.46 Strongly 1.5
Agree
3. The proposed system contains understandable 3.44 Strongly 3
procedures Agree
Proposed Election System in terms of USER-FRIENDLINESS
agree in terms of the proposed election system’s User friendliness. In terms of
providing easy navigation of results and average weighted mean of 3.46 and was
verbally interpreted as strongly agree and ranked as 1.5. In terms of offers easy
access in voting gathered an average weighted mean of 3.46 and was verbally
interpreted as strongly agree and ranked as 1.5. Meanwhile in contains
understandable procedures it gathered an average result 3.44 and was verbally
interpreted as strongly agree and ranked as 3. It means that the proposed
election system is more understandable and easy to navigate than the existing
system.
Election System using Smart Card in terms of SECURITY
terms of security. Table 20 summarized the reactions of the respondents.
Student’s opinion about the performance of the Weighted Interpretation Rank
Proposed Election System in terms of SECURITY Mean
1. The administrators take control throughout the entire 3.08 Agree 3
election.
2. The proposed system prevents double voting or flying 3.43 Strongly 1
voters. Agree
3. It secures the information of each candidate. 3.41 Strongly 2
Agree
Proposed Election System in terms of SECURITY
agree in terms of the proposed election system’s Security. In terms of the
administrators take control throughout the entire election an average weighted
mean of 3.08 and was verbally interpreted as Agree and was ranked as 3. In
terms of prevents double voting or flying voters gathered an average weighted
mean of 3.43 and was verbally interpreted as strongly agree and ranked 1.
Meanwhile it secures the information of each candidate it gathered an average
result 3.41 and was verbally interpreted as strongly agree and ranked as 2. It
means that the proposed election system is more secured than the existing
system
Difference between the performance of the existing System and Proposed
election system in terms of accuracy, efficiency, reliability, security, and
user-friendliness.
Performance of the Existing Verbal Proposed Verbal Interpretation
Proposed System System AWM Interpretation System
AWM
Accuracy 2.16 Disagree 3.33 Strongly Agree
Efficiency 2.33 Disagree 3.27 Strongly Agree
Reliability 2.15 Disagree 3.34 Strongly Agree
Security 2.19 Disagree 3.45 Strongly Agree
User-friendliness 2.14 Disagree 3.31 Strongly Agree
Total 2.19 Disagree 3.34 Strongly Agree
Table 21.Difference of Existing System and Proposed System
The above table shows the difference between the performances of the
manual voting system from the proposed Election System. In terms of accuracy
the existing system gathered an average weighted mean of 2.16 with verbal
interpretation of Disagree while the Proposed Election System gathered weighted
mean of 3.33 with verbal interpretation of strongly agree. In terms of efficiency
the existing system gathered an average of 2.33 with verbal interpretation of
Disagree while the Proposed Election System gathered an average weighted
mean of 3.27 with verbal interpretation of Strongly Agree. In terms of Reliability
the existing system gathered an average weighted mean of 2.15 with the verbal
interpretation of Disagree while the Proposed Election System gathered an
average of 3.34 with verbal interpretation of strongly agree. In terms of security
the existing system gathered an average weighted mean 2.19 with verbal
interpretation of Disagree while the Proposed Election System gathered an
average weighted mean of 3.45 with the verbal interpretation of strongly agree. In
terms of user-friendliness the existing system gathered an average weighted
mean of 2.14 with the verbal interpretation of disagree while the Proposed
Election System gathered an average weighted mean of 3.31 with the verbal
interpretation of Strongly agree. Therefore, the Researchers conclude that the
existing system is no longer effective.
T-test Result.
tcomp ttab Df Ho VI
30.88 1.701 28 rejected Satisfactory
Table 22. Significant Difference
The table shows that it was statistically found that there is significant
difference between the performance of manual system and the proposed system
since the computed value of t (30.88) is greater than the tabulated value (1.701)
with a verbal interpretation of Satisfactory. Therefore, Ho (Null hypothesis) is
rejected and Ha is accepted.
Requirements Engineering Process
For the development of the system the researchers used an Open
Source Technologies. The table below is software specification needed to
support the proposed system.
OPERATING SYSTEM Windows 7 and Windows 8.1
APPLICATION Microsoft Visual Studio 2013

DATABASE Microsoft SQL Server 2012
NET FRAMEWORK NetFX4 Client Profile
Table 23. Software Requirements
The table below is the hardware specification needed to support the
proposed system.
Classification Specification(s)
PROCESSOR Intel Pentium Dual Core and up
MAIN BOARD 1.5Ghz
MEMORY 2 GB
HARD DISK 50GB-80GB
SMART CARD HID OMNIKEY 5321
ANY ROUTER, HUB &
NETWORK DEVICE
SWITCH
Table 24. Hardware Requirements
Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter discusses the Summary, Findings, Conclusions and
Recommendations of the system “LAN Base E-Voting System Integrated with
Smart Card Technology for Student Coordinating Council in Cainta Catholic
College-College Department based on the results of the study.
SUMMARY
The Student Coordinating Council officer have encountered a problem of
counting of votes when the tallying authority counted the votes incorrectly, the
scenario of human error when the votes of other candidates name was
accidentally transfer to other name of candidates.
Thus because of these problems with the current manual election, we
come up with the computerization of election through a “LAN Based Electronic
Voting System Integrated with Smartcard Technology for Student
Coordinating Council in Cainta Catholic College and the student’s will be
much easier to vote and participate in the said election. It will be accurate for the
reason that it comes up with the computerized process through the use of
computer technology.
This study focuses on how to develop the traditional way of an election
process to LAN Based E-Voting System Integrated with Smartcard Technology
for Student Coordinating Council in Cainta Catholic College that will serve to be
efficient, accurate, reliable and secured.
The main purpose of this study is to create and develop a system that can
use by the COMELEC of Student Coordinating Councils of Cainta Catholic
College that improved voter identification mechanisms, accessibility to voting,
eliminating invalid ballots, to have more accurate and standardized counting of
ballots, to lessen the time of voting, to provide securities and to prevent certain
forms of fraud.
To make this study possible and to determine the difference and measure
the effectiveness of the existing and propose system, the researchers gathered
data with the use of an internet research, document review, questionnaires and
observations.
The respondents of the study were the Colleges Students of Cainta
Catholic College. Researchers took random sampling technique to get the 400
respondents.
FINDINGS
Based on the results gathered, the following findings are thereby
presented:
There were a total of 400 respondents in which 40 in first year, 120 in
second year, 120 in third year and 120 in fourth year.
Manual Election System in terms of:
1. ACCURACY
The student’s opinion in terms of the accuracy that have a correct list of voters
and precinct it gathered an average weighted mean of 2.19 and was verbally
interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 1. In terms of captures the exact result
of votes it gathered an average of weighted mean of 2.17 and was verbally
interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 2. In providing of counting of votes
without error encountered it gathered an average of weighted mean of 2.12 and
was verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 3. The result shows that the
respondents aren’t agree in the performance of manual election system in
terms of its accuracy which means that the existing system is accurateness.
2. EFFICIENCY
The student’s opinion in terms of the efficiency providing pre-voting step by
step process it gathered an average weighted mean of 2.40 and was
verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 1. In terms of the efficiency
of providing convenience in voting by selecting the chosen candidates it
gathered an average of weighted mean of 2.29 and was verbally interpreted
as Disagree and ranked as 3. In terms of minimal manpower is necessary in
vote counting it gathered an average of weighted mean of 2.30 and was
verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 2 the result shows that the
respondents aren’t agree in the performance of manual election system in
terms of its efficiency which means that the existing system is inefficient.
3. RELIABILITY
The student’s opinion in terms of the reliability Shows good election procedure
gathered an average weighted mean of 2.08 and was verbally interpreted as
Disagree and ranked as 3. In terms of the reliability gives valuable result it gathered
an average of weighted mean of 2.19 and was verbally interpreted as Disagree and
ranked as 1. In terms of reliability requires simple effort it gathered an average of
weighted mean of 2.18 and was verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 2.
The result shows that the respondents aren’t agree in the performance of manual
election system in terms of its reliability which means that the existing system is
undependable and fraudulent
4. USER-FRIENDLINESS
The student’s opinion in terms of the user-friendliness providing easy
navigation of result it gathered an average weighted mean of 2.18 and was
verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 2.5 In terms of the reliability it
offers easy access in voting it gathered an average of weighted mean of 2.18
and was verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 2.5. In terms of user-
friendliness the voting system contains understandable procedures it gathered an
average of weighted mean of 2.21 and was verbally interpreted as Disagree and
ranked as 1. The result shows that the respondents aren’t agree in the
performance of manual election system in terms of its reliability which means that
the existing system is undependable and fraudulent.

5. SECURITY
The student’s opinion in terms of the security that administrator take control
throughout the entire election in manual election system it gathered an average
weighted mean of 2.10 and was verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as
3. In terms of the security of the voting system prevents double voting or flying
voters in manual election it gathered an average of weighted mean of 2.14 and
was verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 2. It secures the
information of each candidate it gathered an average of weighted mean of 2.17
and was verbally interpreted as Disagree and ranked as 1 The result shows that
the respondents aren’t agree in the performance of manual election system in
terms of its security which means that the existing system is uncertainty and no
longer secured.
Election System Using Smart Card Technology in terms of:
1. ACCURACY
According from the survey most of the student’s perceptions are strongly agree
in terms of the proposed election system’s accurateness. In terms of the correct
list of voters and precinct it results an average weighted mean of 3.36 and was
ranks as 2. On the other hand the exact result of votes in gathered an average
weighted mean of 3.39 and was verbally interpreted as strongly agree and
ranked 1. Meanwhile in counted votes without error encountered it gathered an
average result 3.24 and was verbally interpreted as Agree and ranked as 3. It
means that the proposed election system is more accurate than the existing
system.
2. EFFICIENCY
According from the survey most of the student’s perceptions are strongly agree in
terms of the proposed election system’s Efficiency. In terms of providing efficient
pre-voting step by step processes an average weighted mean of 3.28 and was
verbally interpreted as strongly agree ranked as 2. On the other hand the
providing Convenience in voting by selecting the chosen candidates it gathered
an average weighted mean of 3.19 and was verbally interpreted as Agree and
ranked 3. Meanwhile in Minimal manpower is necessary in vote counting it
gathered an average result 3.34 and was verbally interpreted as strongly agree
and ranked as 1. It means that the proposed election system is more efficient
than the existing system.
3. RELIABILITY
According from the survey most of the student’s perceptions are strongly agree in
terms of the proposed election system’s Reliability. In terms of shows the good
election procedure an average weighted mean of 3.36 and was ranked as 2. In
terms of the proposed system gives valuable result gathered an average weighted
Meanwhile in requires simple effort it gathered an average result 3.20 and was
verbally interpreted as Agree and ranked as 3. It means that the proposed election
system is more reliable than the existing system.
4. USER – FRIENDLINESS
in terms of the proposed election system’s User friendliness. In terms of
providing easy navigation of results an average weighted mean of 3.46 and was
ranks as 1.5. In terms of offers easy access in voting gathered an average
weighted mean of 3.46 and was verbally interpreted as strongly agree and
ranked 1.5. Meanwhile in contains understandable procedures it gathered an
average result 3.44 and was verbally interpreted as strongly agree and ranked
as 2. It means that the proposed election system is more understandable and
easy to navigate than the existing system.
5. SECURITY
in terms of the proposed election system’s Security. In terms of the
administrators take control throughout the entire election an average weighted
mean of 3.08 and was verbally interpreted as Agree and was ranked as 3. In
terms of prevents double voting or flying voters gathered an average weighted
Meanwhile it secures the information of each candidate it gathered an average
result 3.41 and was verbally interpreted as strongly agree and ranked as 2. It
means that the proposed election system is more secured than the existing
system.
Assumption/Hypothesis
The table shows that it was statistically found that there is significant
difference between the performance of manual system and the proposed system
since the computed value of t (30.88) is greater than the tabulated value (1.701)
with a verbal interpretation of Satisfactory. Therefore, Ho (Null hypothesis) is
rejected and Ha is accepted.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings, the researchers come up with the following
conclusions:
The proposed system will be a big improvement over the existing manual
system in terms of accuracy, security, efficiency, reliability and user –
friendliness.
ACCURACY
 The propose system lessen the time of voting, and it makes the
procedure of voting faster. It also provides an accurate counting of
votes.
EFFICIENCY
 The proposed system convenience in voting by selecting the chosen
candidates and it provides efficient pre-voting step by step processes.
RELIABILITY
 The proposed system shows the good election procedure, gives valuable
result, and requires simple effort.
SECURITY
 The proposed system use data encryption cryptography technique in
securing the private data stored in the database to prevent incidental
viewing of private data such as password and smartcard unique
identification number.
USER – FRIENDLINESS
 The proposed system contains understandable procedures, offers easy
access in voting and it uses only the ID to be able to vote.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions of the study, the following
are recommended for future enhancement to develop the system “LAN Base E-
Voting System Integrated with Smart Card Technology for Student Coordinating
Council in Cainta Catholic College-College Department.
1. The performance of the existing election system in terms of the following
features: accuracy, security, efficiency, reliability and user – friendliness:
a. In terms of accuracy, the Manual Election System in Student
Coordinating Council should be improved by adapting a computerized
system that will give the accurate results of voting.
b. In terms of security, the Manual Election System in Student
Coordinating Council should improve by adapting a computerized system
that will secure the data and provide a password for each voter.
c. In terms of efficiency, the Manual Election System in Student
Coordinating Council should improve by adapting a computerized system
that will provide tapping of smartcard.
d. In terms of reliability, the Manual Election System in Student
Coordinating Council should improve by adapting a computerized
system that will provide a database for votes.

e. In terms of user-friendliness, the Manual Election System in
Student Coordinating Council should improve by adapting a
computerized system that will provide few buttons for easy
navigation.
2. The performance of the proposed system in terms of the following

features: accuracy, security, efficiency, reliability and user – friendliness:
a. In terms of accuracy, the researchers highly recommend to
provide a web base database to have a backup of the votes of
the students.
b. In terms of security, the researchers highly recommend that the
system can be manage and manipulate by only one person who’s
knowledgeable about the system.
c. In terms of efficiency, the researchers highly recommend to have
a larger memory and high specification of computers to prevent
the unexpected errors and malfunctions of the system.
d. In terms of reliability, the researchers highly recommend that the
system can read the data of students/voters by simply tapping
their ID/Smart Card on the device.
e. In terms of user – friendliness, the researchers highly
recommend touch screen computers to make it much easier to
use.
3 The researchers recommend the system be implemented by the school
because it is more convenient to vote.
4 The researchers recommend that future researchers/developers
continue to improve the proposed system.
5 The proponent recommend to the future developer to include the grade
school and high school department in this system.
6 The researchers recommend the SCC official to organize well the
schedule of voting to maximize the efficiency of electronic voting.

APPENDIX A
Survey Questionnaire (Manual and Proposed)
Manual Voting System Questionnaire

(College department)
Please check the box that best corresponds to your answer for each question below.
Profile of the respondents
Age: Gender: Year Level:

16-17 Male First Year
18-19 Female Second Year
20-21 Third Year
Others: ______ Fourth Year
PLEASE INDICATE YOUR LEVEL OF AGREEMENT OR DISAGREEMENT WITH THE FOLLOWING

STATEMENTS.
MANUAL VOTING SYSTEM Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly
Agree Disagree
1.0 ACCURACY
1.1 The voting system presents the correct list of voters and
precinct.
1.2 The voting system captures the exact result of votes.
1.3 The voting system provides counted votes without error
encountered.
2.0 EFFICIENCY
2.1 The system provides efficient pre-voting step by step
process.
2.2 The system provides convenience in voting by selecting

the chosen candidates.
2.3 Minimal manpower is necessary in vote counting.
3.0 RELIABILITY
3.1 The voting system shows the good election procedure.
3.2 The voting system gives valuable result
3.4 The voting system requires simple effort.
4.0 USER-FRIENDLINESS
4.1 The voting system provides easy navigation of result.
4.2 It offers easy access in voting.
4.3 The voting system contains understandable procedures.
5.0 SECURITY
5.1 The administrators take control throughout the entire
election.
5.2 The voting system prevents double voting or flying voters.
5.3 It secures the information of each candidate.

LAN Based Electronic Voting System Integrated with Smartcard Technology for Student
Coordinating Council in Cainta Catholic College
I. Direction: Please check the box that best corresponds to your answer for each question below.
I.I Respondent’s Profile
Profile of the respondents

Age: Gender: Year Level:
16-17 Male First Year
18-19 Female Second Year
20-21 Third Year
Others: ______ Fourth Year
PLEASE INDICATE YOUR LEVEL OF AGREEMENT OR DISAGREEMENT WITH THE FOLLOWING

STATEMENTS.
PROPOSED SYSTEM Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly
Agree Disagree
1.0 ACCURACY
1.1 The proposed system presents the correct list of
voters and precinct.
1.2 The proposed system captures the exact result of
votes.
1.3 The proposed system provides counted votes
without error encountered.

2.0 EFFICIENCY
2.1 The proposed system efficient pre-voting step by
step process.
2.2 The proposed system convenience in voting by
selecting the chosen candidates.
2.3 Minimal manpower is necessary in vote counting.
3.0 RELIABILITY
3.1 The proposed system shows the good election
procedure.
3.2 The proposed system gives valuable result
5.4 The proposed system requires simple effort.
4.0 USER-FRIENDLINESS
4.1 The proposed system provides easy navigation
result.
4.2 It offers easy access in voting.
4.3 The proposed system contains understandable
procedures.
5.0 SECURITY
5.1 The administrators take control throughout the
entire election.
5.2 The proposed system prevents double voting or
flying voters.
5.3 It secures the information of each candidate.

APPENDIX B
Request Letter to Conduct Survey and Interview
Date: September 14, 2016

To: Mrs. Violinda Cabaluna
Good day!
We, the Senior Students of Cainta Catholic College taking up BS in Computer
Science would like to ask permission to conduct our survey to the College
students of Cainta Catholic College regarding our Thesis 2 entitled “LAN Based
Voting System Integrated with Smartcard Technology for Student Coordinating
Council in Cainta Catholic College (College Department).
Thank you and God bless.
Respectfully yours,
4th year BSCS students
Navales, John Joel

Supeña, Lois Claire
De Guzman, Bea Patriz
Martinez, Mark Joseph
Oliveros, Mara Suzanne
APPENDIX C
Flow Chart (Manual and Proposed System)
LAN Based Voting System Integrated with Smartcard Technology for Student
Coordinating Council in Cainta Catholic College (College Department).

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CAINTA CATHOLIC COLLEGE 1

LAN Based Voting System Integrated with Smartcard Technology for

A Thesis Proposal Presented for the

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Thesis II

Navales, John Joel

CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL ……….………………………………………………..……….iii

CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study…………….…………………………..………………...9

Statement of the Problem…………………………….........................................18

Scope and Limitations of the Study…………………………………….………...21

Significance of the Study …………………………….………………….………..22

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Synthesis and Relevance of the Reviewed Literature and Studies……..…. 64

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Population, Sample Size, and Sampling Technique …………………….……67

Statistical Treatment of Data………………………………….…………............72

Software Development Methodology………………………………….…….…. 77

CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION OF ANALYSIS AND DATA

Headings of topics/findings per problem……………………………….……….76

CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

APPENDIX A (SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE)

The Problem and Its Background

Voting has been a regular practice in almost all democratic societies. It

involves the process of how an individual chooses a representative whose

the freedom to independently exercise their rights in a society whether from

public or private groups, organizations, or institutions. People often choose not to

The Paper-based voting is the common method used in elections. It was

mechanical or automated counting systems are used.

researcher conducts an interview on the problems on the three actors. In voting

they sometimes feel discourage to participate in the election on the following

documents needed to be printed out such as the voting forms, student

depends on the counting ability of the tallying authorities by checking and

incorrect results because of human error.

come up with the computerization of election through a “LAN Based Voting

System Integrated with Smartcard Technology for Student Coordinating

Council in Cainta Catholic College” for the students to participate in the

system is economical because it is paperless as well as clean and orderly

Since most of the student nowadays is familiar on the basic computer

not experience conflict with regards to the time in voting.

The Student Coordinating Council is the highest governing body and

official representative of the students of Cainta Catholic College. It promotes the

Cainta Catholic College (CCC) is an educational institution that

based on Department of Education Order No. 47 s.2014. Cainta Catholic College

tallying authorities. The system is traditionally proven to be effective and had

been used since the foundation of Student Coordinating Council in Cainta

tallying authorities process the tallying or counting the ballots manually.

Laws of the Supreme Pupil Government and Supreme Student Government in

Elementary and Secondary school. With an objective to help students develop

user friendliness, and security of the election.

Most concerns on the implementation of the system are the security

server database to avoid tampering of votes.

Smartcard Technology A smart card, typically a type of chip card, is a

plastic card that contains an embedded computer chip–either a memory or

microprocessor type–that stores and transacts data. This data is usually

within the card's chip.

The use of smart card technology or radio frequency identification (RFID)

automatically verified and confirmed through a records that is stored in the

electronic election would be useful.

of private data such as password and smartcard unique identification number

through a mathematical formula called an encryption algorithm, which converts it

integrity of the whole election.

Student Coordinating Council in Cainta Catholic College is an automated election

This study focuses on how to improve the traditional way of an election