Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

Private and Public Vehicles: Preferred Transportation System of Grade 11 Students in

going to Systems Plus College Foundation – Miranda, Academic Year 2019-2020

Page | 1

Arcelao, Trixie

Manalo, Princess Joy

Simpao, Shayrise Ginelle

Natac, Roann

Lacson, Kerstin Olyn

This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements in

Research in Daily Life 2

Systems Plus College Foundation, Miranda

 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction Page | 2

The Transport system is also referred to as public transport or public transit.

The purpose of public transportation system is to have an efficient transportation in a

community. This helps in reducing the traffic, sound pollution and also air pollution. An

example of public transport includes Taxi, Buses, Light Rail Transit System (LRT), Jeepney,

and Motorized Tricycle.

Jeepney’s are known to be the most popular mode of public transportation in the

Philippines. Trains are also becoming a popular mode of public transportation in the country

especially in the bustling Metropolis of Manila .Transportation is very important in one’s daily

life because everyday students need to go to the school, people need to go to work and also, it

plays an important role in modern cities especially here in the Philippines. The Public

Transportation System has a great influence and impact on the regionals pattern of

development. This includes the economic viability, impact on the environment, and

maintaining socially acceptable levels of quality of life (Stimson, 2015).

Transportation is an integral part of modern life. According to Kunmari et. al. (2010)

and Rehrl et. al. (2007). A good transportation network is one of every modernized city’s initial

properties because the society needs mobility in every aspect of life. There are people who

need to go to work, there are children who need to go to school and there are products that need

to reach the other end of the supply chain.

 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

In order to assess the proximity from public transport to urban times; The ratio

networks, two mechanisms for the provision of public transport facilities and a travel time

differential between public transport and private cars, are used. An assessment method for the
Page | 3
supply of resources for urban public transport facilities is suggested based on accessibility.

Accessibility has been applied in the field such as urban and land use, planning

transportation management, and public facility location analysis. The earliest research on

accessibility is the classic location theory. Reilly defined accessibility as the index to calculate

transport cost in 1931, and Hansen indicated that accessibility presented the possibility of

interaction among various nodes of transportation network in 1959.

As people have deeper understanding of the concept of accessibility, foreign as well as

domestic scholars provide knowledge on the accessibility from variety of aspects such as time,

space, sociology and psychology and many conventional models. These aspects have been

developed for measuring accessibility but have not been internationally recognized.

Accessibility can be used from the point of view of cities and land use to measure space

between various areas and to analyze the comfort of reaching other places from the present

zone. Accessibility can be used from the point of transport to evaluate the difficult level of

travel by vehicle. Accessibility from the point of view of individuals, reflect the option and

effectiveness of vehicles (foreign and domestic), which is currently divided into two groups on

public transportation accessibility in urban areas.

The approach is based on a conventional space obstacle pattern that represents a level

of approach based upon indices such as line coverage and density from the point of

infrastructure availability, taking time as measurements index, and calculating passenger costs
 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

using public transport facilities.

Currently, this method has two problems. There is no door to door’ aspects of public

transport, it makes time outside of the station a key factor affecting public transport
Page | 4
accessibility whereas the walking times outside the station are not considered by most public

transport accessibility strategies, because it is difficult to create a pedestrian network or because

the correct distance is used to eliminate real walking distance.

Several research on public transportation accessibility found the actual time outside the

station is typically the shortest walking period at a point of departure of an end point including

walking from the point of origin to a related public transportation station (“access time”) and

walking from the last public transport station.

The second problem is that these approaches fail to determine the accessibility of

individuals by taking into account their collection of opportunities. In general, the

competitiveness of private cars and public transport is affected by travel time, travel expenses,

travel comfort and security quality of services is considered to be an important factor in the

travel demand of users nonetheless determining quality of service remains an ambitious and

important field of research with practical consequences for service providers.

In this way, the ratio of travel time is applied to define relatively competitive public and

private transport. It is intended to provide a service to compete with private cars by improving

public transport infrastructure resources.

This comparison highlights the differences between modes of travel, their viability and

their competiveness. Some studies use accessibility to compare the relative competitiveness of

public and private cars, comparisons of accessibility to isochronism of traffic are two important
 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

methods.

This paper assesses the quality of service of public transportation and private cars in

the whole journey of individuals, based on the time ratio between public and private cars. The
Page | 5
travel time ratio determines the relative attractiveness of public and private transportation.

Measuring the quality of service remains an extremely challenging field of research with

practical implications for providers of service. (Chao Sun et al,2018)

The study focuses on the Private and Public Vehicles: Preferred Transportation

System of Grade 11 Students in going to Systems Plus College Foundation – Miranda,

Academic Year 2019-2020. Most governments around the world advocate for so called modal

reform in order to resolve the issue and reduce the number of cars blocking the road

networks, Kenyon et al (2003) states. Public transport offer passengers with a convenient way

to their destination faster and cheaper than private vehicles.

Conceptual Framework

This study will use the IPO Model in Evaluating the Transportation System. The Input

box contains the profile of the respondents as to name, age, gender, section. The Process box

contains the survey questionnaire and the computation of the statistical treatment of data.

Lastly, the output box contains the evaluation of the transportation system.
 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

Input Process Output

 Gather information  Prepare a  Identified

and data about question of data respondents

transportation gathered opinion about Page | 6

 Associate to the through private and public

different response of questionnaires. vehicles: preferred

the respondents in  Collecting and transportation

terms of; analyzing the  Give the results of

1.1 Travel Time data gathered the questionnaires

1.2 Travel Expenses  Create conclusion

1.3 Travel Comfort and

1.4 Security while travelling recommendation

about the preferred

transportation.
 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to find out the Preferred Transportation System of Grade 11 Students

in going to Systems Plus College Foundation – Miranda, Academic Year 2019-2020

Page | 7

1. How may the respondents evaluate the quality of service of Public and Private Transportation

as to their?

1.1 Travel Time

1.2 Travel Expenses

1.3 Travel Comfort

1.4 Security while travelling

2. How may the respondents conclude the primary reasons of using the public transportation?

2.1 To save money

2.2 Cheaper than private vehicles

2.3 Cannot afford to buy a car

3. How efficient the transportation are in terms of;

3.1 Students go to school

3.2 People go to work

 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

Hypothesis

We hope that our research will find ways of making more use of public transportation

than private transportation and of benefiting from it and of supporting us in our daily lives with
Page | 8
public transport.

Significance of the Study

This study will investigate the Public and Private Vehicle: Preferred Transportation

System of Grade 11 Students in going Systems Plus College Foundation – Miranda, Academic

Year 2019-2020.

Students -These students use the public transport system by majority, because most of them

don’t have a private service and then the other students use public transport because they cannot

afford to purchase motorcycles or other cars that they can use to go to school. We also use

public transport because the majority of them cannot yet use other vehicles as they are not

legally old enough to receive a license.

Teachers -If the teacher is able to afford a home, the majority of teachers are using public

transport, which they cannot afford to buy private cars.

Employees – The employees benefit from low cost public transport and they will not worry

about where to park if they bring their cars and someone else can save money.
 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

Scope and delimitation of the study

This study will assess the Private and Public Vehicles: Preferred Transportation

System of Grade 11 Students in going to Systems Plus College Foundation – Miranda,

Page | 9
Academic Year 2019-2020. This study will determine the Private and Public Vehicle;

Preferred Transportation System of Grade 11 Students in going to school of Systems Plus

College Foundation Academic Year 2019-2020. Lastly, how they handle this situation.

Definition of Terms

1. Public Transportation- a system of trains, buses, etc., that is paid for or run by the

government (The Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster Inc., 2020)

- In my opinion when i hear the word public transportation it means that you are

travelling in one place to another with different kinds of person and also it supported

by money from the government

2. Evaluate- If you evaluate something or someone, you consider them in order to make a

judgment about them, for example about how good or bad they are. (HarperCollins,

2010)

-To judge the value or condition of something Critique – as used in this study,

focuses on its strengths and limitations. Is the basic fundamental for me are necessary

base or core.

3. Measureable- to discover the exact size, amount, etc., of something, or to be of a

particular size (Cambridge University, 2020)

- Measuring Something
 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

4. Accurately- in a way that is correct, exact, and without any mistakes (Cambridge

University, 2020)

- To produce result that are exact or correct

Page | 10
5. Commuter- The definition of a commuter is someone who travels between two points

each day. (LoveToKnow Corp, 2018)

-Person who commutes

6. Vehicles- any means in or by which someone travels or something is carried or

conveyed; a means of conveyance or transport (Dictionary.com, 2020)

-We are using this equipments to travel in different places

Acronyms

SPCF-Systems Plus College Foundation

Chapter 2
 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

Methodology

Methodology for research is a methodology that defines, selects, process and analyses

knowledge about a topic. The methodology section in a research paper allows the reader to
Page | 11
critically assess the validity and reliability of the whole report.

Research Design

The descriptive research is used in the study, Private and Public Vehicles: Preferred

Transportation System of Grade 11 Students in going to Systems Plus College Foundation –

Miranda, Academic Year 2019-2020.

Descriptive research is defined as a research method that describes the characteristics

of the population or phenomenon that is being studied. This methodology focuses more on the

“what” of the research subject rather than the “why” of the research subject.

In other words, descriptive research primarily focuses on describing the nature of a

demographic segment, without focusing on “why” a certain phenomenon occurs. In other

words, it “describes” the subject of the research, without covering “why” it happens. (Adi Bhat,

2020)

Qualitative and Quantitative research can be used in descriptive research. In order for

the result to become valid and reliable, the research design should be developed carefully.

(McCombes, 2019).

The purpose of concise work is to accurately describe a population, condition or

 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

phenomenon in an objective and systematic way. It can tell what, where, when, and how, but

not why. Laboratory research is necessary to determine cause and effect. A descriptive design

of research can use a wide range of quantitative methods to evaluate one or more variables.
Page | 12
The investigator monitors or manipulates none of the variables in experimental studies, but

only observes and tests them.

Respondents of the study

The respondents of the study are the Grade 11 Students of Systems Plus College

Foundation - Miranda

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Sampling contributes a lot to science. The quality of your research / survey result is

the one of the most important factors. If your study does anything wrong, the end result will be

expressed directly. Some methods helps us collect samples according to needs and

circumstances.

Purposive Sampling

Purposive sampling is a type of non-trust samples where researchers based on their own

opinions when choosing members of the population to participate in the study. It may included

judgemental, selective or subjective sampling.to order to choose and approach qualified

subjects, researchers need to have previous knowledge about the purpose of their studies, If

researchers want to enter a limited group of people, they use purposeful samples since all

participants in the study are chosen because they fit a particular profile.
 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

Section Population Size Sample

FBS

Humility 26 15
Page | 13
Charity 32 18

Patience 22 12

TOURISM

Mayon 34 19

Tubbataha 31 18

Banaue 20 11

ICT

Earth 31 18

Mars 34 19

Jupiter 20 11

Venus 28 16

Pluto 28 16

TOTAL 306 173

 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

Instrument

The instrument used by the researcher is survey. The researchers choose this type of instrument

because the researchers think that this type of instrument suits our research
Page | 14

Process in doing survey

The researchers will receive a letter from the assistant principal and then give it to the

respondent’s advisor in order in order to conduct the method survey. The questionnaire

should be sent to respondents by researchers. Answers to questions were given to the

respondents.

Data Collection

The researchers made a request letter and was signed by the assistant principal and their

research adviser. Then they send it to the adviser of the respondents. Upon approval, the

researchers personally administrated the questionnaires to the respondents. The respondents

were given enough time to answer the questionnaire.

The questionnaires were retrieved from the respondents after making sure that all the

questions were completely answered by them.

Statistical Treatment of Data

 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

The word “Statistical treatment” refers to the complete term that means any statistical approach

is extended to your data. Treatment are divided into two groups; descriptive statistics, which

sum up your figures as a charts or overview and inferential statistics, which forecast and test
Page | 15
hypotheses on your results. (Stephanie, 2016)

A percentage distribution of frequencies is a show of data that show the percentage of

observation per data point or group of data points. The relative frequency of surveys and other

data is particularly useful for explaining it. The distribution of the percentage frequency are

often shown as tables or bar graphs or pie charts.

The creation includes first identification of the total number of observation in each details-

pointer grouping of data points, and then division by total number of observation of each data-

point or grouping in data-points. The sum of the corresponding percentages for each data.

(Lavrakas, 2008)

References

Johansson, E., Hisellius, L., Koglin, T., Wretstrand, A. (2017). Evaluation of Public Transport:

regional policies and planning practices in

swedenhttps://rsa.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21650020.2017.1395291#.XjKsU25FzIU

McCombes, S. (2019) The Main Types of Research Compared

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-

research/?fbclid=IwAR1jRXfDESZyROfjtl5j53k16QiSNFEuga1d03rAQptQSZpq1ivdt-

KTup0.

Stephanie. (2016). Statistical treatment

https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/statistical-treatment/?fbclid=IwAR1U-T-
 Systems Plus College Foundation

Miranda Extension

66-LuiIkhtFgZwIBguDhFQUw-62pdRzBqn0lIaRuDCRAnp50zhkY

Sun, C., Xiahong, C., Zhang M., Ze H. (2018). An Evaluation Method of Public Transport

Facilities Resource Supply Based on Accessibility

Page | 16
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jat/2018/3754205/?fbclid=IwAR1EsjeiF3VtV1KI-

_hhnWzfGPW5vnHfTAxGmm2U28refEuv3Q68spAwmHA.

Teknomo, k. (2016) A study of Metro Manila’s Public Transportation Sector: Implementing a

Multimodal Public Transportation Route Planner

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317646479_A_Study_of_Metro_Manila's_Public_T

ransportation_Sector_Implementing_a_Multimodal_Public_Transportation_Route_Planner?f

bclid=IwAR2tkXxeY-fb4VwZPFiBkGc1fj5TW7MtFdmK25LgBf9qXWGltzYM2KWOwuM