CHANDIGARH

UNIVERSITY
Discover. Learn. Empower.

Subject : Applied Chemistry

Subject code: SHT 121

Assignment no.2

Date of submission:

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Name: Ravi Kumar Ms. Harpreet kaur

UID no: 18BME1221

Branch/sec:BE/M.E-3
Qs:1 what do you understand by electromagnetic spectrum?

Ans:- The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuum of all

electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency and
wavelength. The sun, earth, and other bodies radiate electromagnetic
energy of varying wavelengths. Electromagnetic energy passes
through space at the speed of light in the form of sinusoidal waves.
The wavelength is the distance from wavecrest to wavecrest (see
figure below).

Light is a particular type of electromagnetic radiation that can be seen

and sensed by the human eye, but this energy exists at a wide range of
wavelengths. The micron is the basic unit for measuring the
wavelength of electomagnetic waves. The spectrum of waves is
divided into sections based on wavelength. The shortest waves are
gamma rays, which have wavelengths of 10e-6 microns or less. The
longest waves are radio waves, which have wavelengths of many
kilometers. The range of visible consists of the narrow portion of the
spectrum, from 0.4 microns (blue) to 0.7 microns (red).
Qs:-2 Give the different types of absorption spectroscopy?

Ans:- Spectroscopy is generally a practical subject and is

concerned with the emission, absorption and scattering of
electromagnetic radiation by molecules or atoms.
Electromagnetic radiation includes a wide wavelength range,
from radio waves to gamma rays, and the molecules or atoms
may be in the liquid, solid phase, gas or, of great importance in
surface chemistry, adsorbed on a solid surface.

The absorption spectroscopy is of following types:

- Infrared Spectroscopy
- UV-Visible Spectroscopy
- Microwave Spectroscopy
- X-Ray Spectroscopy

The range of UV Spectroscopy in wavelength is 400nm-800nm.The

range of Visible Spectroscopy in wavelength is 200-400nm

Q:3 Define principle of UV Spectroscopy and IR Spectroscopy . What

is symmetric stretching and anti symmetric stretching? Explain with
diagram.
Ans: UV Spectroscopy based on the principle of Lambert-Beer Law.
This law states that whenever a beam of monochromatic light is
passed through a solution the decreasing rate of intensity along with
thickness of absorbing solution is proportional to the concentration
of the solution and the incident radiation.

This law is expressed through the equation:

A=ECL where E is extinction coefficient , C is

concentration and L is length.

IR Spectroscopy is based on the principle of vibrational Frequency

which tells that when energy in the form of infrared radiation is
applied then it causes the vibration between the atom of the
molecules and when applied infrared frequency is equal to natural
frequency of vibration then absorption of IR radiation takes place
and a peak is observed.

Symmetric Stretching is the stretching in which the dipole moment

of the atoms is same and act in opposite direction. The dipole
moment is zero.

o C o

Anti symmetric Stretching is the stretching in which the dipole

moment of the atoms is not same and acts in same direction . The
dipole moment is not zero.

o C o