LJ Technical Systems

An Introduction to
Analog Communications
Student Workbook AT02
MT6014/A

© LJ Technical Systems LJ Technical Systems Ltd. LJ Technical Systems Inc.

This publication is copyright and no part Francis Way 85, Corporate Drive, Holtsville,
of it may be adapted or reproduced in
Bowthorpe Industrial Estate 11742-2007, New York, USA.
any material form except with the prior
written permission of LJ Technical Systems.
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Issue Number: MT6014/A
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Written by: LJ Technical Publications Dept.
AT02 An Introduction to Analog Communications
Student Workbook About this Student Workbook

About this Student Workbook

Introduction
This Student Workbook has been designed to provide you with a record of your
learning and achievement. It provides you with grids on which to draw sketches
and spaces to record results, as you work through the practical exercises in the
Curriculum Manual.

LJ Technical Systems 1
An Introduction to Analog Communications AT02
About this Student Workbook Student Workbook

2 LJ Technical Systems
AT02 An Introduction to Amplitude Modulation
Student Workbook Chapter 2

Chapter 2
An Introduction to Amplitude Modulation

2.8 Constructing the Amplitude Modulated Waveform

time
Figure 27 An Amplitude Modulated Wave

LJ Technical Systems 3
An Introduction to Amplitude Modulation AT02
Chapter 2 Student Workbook

2.11 Practical Exercise: The Double Sideband AM Waveform

The frequency and peak-to-peak voltage of the carrier are: ....................................

...................................................................................................................................

The frequency and peak-to-peak voltage of the information signal are: .................
...................................................................................................................................

Record the AM waveform at tp3 in Figure 30 below.

1.2
0.8
0.4
Volts 0V
-0.4
-0.8
-1.2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Time (milliseconds)
Figure 30 The AM Waveform at tp3 on ANACOM 1/1

The effects of adjusting the AMPLITUDE PRESET and the FREQUENCY

PRESET in the AUDIO OSCILLATOR are: ...........................................................
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Notes: ......................................................................................................................
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4 LJ Technical Systems
AT02 DSB Transmitter and Receiver
Student Workbook Chapter 3

Chapter 3
DSB Transmitter and Receiver

3.19 Practical Exercise: The DSB Transmitter and Receiver

The depth of modulation of the transmitter output at tp13 is: ..................................
....................................................................................................................................

Record the waveform at the output of the RF Amplifier (tp12).

Amplitude

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Time (ms)
Figure 45 The Output of the RF Amplifier at tp12

Notes:
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LJ Technical Systems 5
DSB Transmitter and Receiver AT02
Chapter 3 Student Workbook

Record the waveform at the output of the Mixer (tp20).

Amplitude

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Time (ms)
Figure 46 The Output of the Mixer Circuit at tp20

Record the waveform at the output of the first IF Amplifier (tp24).

Amplitude

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Time (ms)
Figure 47 The Output of the First IF Amplifier at tp24

Notes:
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6 LJ Technical Systems
AT02 DSB Transmitter and Receiver
Student Workbook Chapter 3

Record the waveform at the output of the final IF Amplifier (tp28).

Amplitude

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Time (ms)
Figure 48 The Output of the Second IF Amplifier at tp28

Record the waveform at the output of the Diode Detector (tp31).

Amplitude

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Time (ms)
Figure 49 The Output of the Diode Detector at tp31

Notes:
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LJ Technical Systems 7
DSB Transmitter and Receiver AT02
Chapter 3 Student Workbook

Notes:
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8 LJ Technical Systems
AT02 Single Sideband Systems
Student Workbook Chapter 4

Chapter 4
Single Sideband Systems

4.14 Practical Exercise: A Single Sideband Transmitter

amplitude (divs)
+0.5
Information signal
0
tp15
-0.5
+1.5

Carrier input
0
tp17

-1.5
+0.5
DSBSC AM wave
0
tp17
-0.5
time
Figure 61

Notes:
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LJ Technical Systems 9
Single Sideband Systems AT02
Chapter 4 Student Workbook

Notes:
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10 LJ Technical Systems
AT02 Locating Faults in DSB and SSB Transmission Systems
Student Workbook Chapter 5

Chapter 5
Locating Faults in DSB and SSB Transmission Systems

5.8 Practical Exercise: Fault Finding on an Amplitude Modulated Transmitter

Fault 1 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 2 - Tests Made and Results:

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LJ Technical Systems 11
Locating Faults in DSB and SSB Transmission Systems AT02
Chapter 5 Student Workbook

Fault 3 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 4 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 5 - Tests Made and Results:

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12 LJ Technical Systems
AT02 Locating Faults in DSB and SSB Transmission Systems
Student Workbook Chapter 5

Fault 6 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 7 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 8 - Tests Made and Results:

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LJ Technical Systems 13
Locating Faults in DSB and SSB Transmission Systems AT02
Chapter 5 Student Workbook

5.9 Practical Exercise: Fault Finding on an Amplitude Modulated Receiver

Fault 1 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 2 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 3 - Tests Made and Results:

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14 LJ Technical Systems
AT02 Locating Faults in DSB and SSB Transmission Systems
Student Workbook Chapter 5

Fault 4 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 5 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 6 - Tests Made and Results:

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LJ Technical Systems 15
Locating Faults in DSB and SSB Transmission Systems AT02
Chapter 5 Student Workbook

Fault 7 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 8 - Tests Made and Results:

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Notes:
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16 LJ Technical Systems
AT02 FM Modulators
Student Workbook Chapter 7

Chapter 7
FM Modulators

7.15 Practical Exercise: The Varactor Modulator

The oscillator output frequency measured at tp34 and the DC input voltage
measured at tp21 have values of: ..............................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

With the Carrier Frequency preset in its maximum position (fully clockwise), the
oscillator output frequency measured at tp34 and the DC input voltage measured at
tp21 have values of: ..................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

The minimum and maximum values of the DC voltages and the corresponding
values of output frequency are: .................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

Record your results in Figure 91 overleaf:

LJ Technical Systems 17
FM Modulators AT02
Chapter 7 Student Workbook

Oscillator
Frequency

kHz

kHz
Base Bias
Voltage

V V
Figure 91 A Graph of DC Voltage/Frequency Output for a Varactor Modulator

Notes:
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18 LJ Technical Systems
AT02 FM Modulators
Student Workbook Chapter 7

7.16 Practical Exercise: The Reactance Modulator

The oscillator output frequency measured at tp34 and the DC input voltage
measured at tp11 have values of: ..............................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

With the Carrier Frequency preset in its maximum position (fully clockwise), the
oscillator output frequency measured at tp34 and the DC input voltage measured at
tp11 have values of: ..................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

The minimum and maximum values of the DC voltages and the corresponding
values of output frequency are: .................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

Record your results in Figure 95 below:

Oscillator
Frequency

kHz

kHz
Base Bias
Voltage

V V
Figure 95 A Graph of DC Voltage/Frequency Output for a Reactance Modulator

LJ Technical Systems 19
FM Modulators AT02
Chapter 7 Student Workbook

Notes:
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20 LJ Technical Systems
AT02 FM Frequency Demodulators-1
Student Workbook Chapter 8

Chapter 8
FM Frequency Demodulators-1

8.4 Practical Exercise: The Detuned Resonant Circuit Detector

The peak-to-peak amplitude of the ‘noise’ output at tp73 is: ....................................................
....................................................................................................................................................

8.8 Practical Exercise: The Quadrature and Phase-Locked Loop Detectors

Record the DC voltage at tp40 against frequency on the grid provided in Figure
111 adding your own voltage scale.

DC Voltage

Frequency
(kHz)
Figure 111 The Frequency Response of the Quadrature Detector

LJ Technical Systems 21
FM Frequency Demodulators-1 AT02
Chapter 8 Student Workbook

Peak-to-peak amplitude of the ‘noise’ output from the:

Quadrature Detector .................................................................................................
Detuned Resonant Detector.......................................................................................

Record the DC voltage at tp60 against frequency on the grid provided in Figure
114 adding your own voltage scale.

DC Voltage

Frequency (kHz)
Figure 114 The Frequency Response of the PLL Detector

Notes:
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22 LJ Technical Systems
AT02 FM Frequency Demodulators-2
Student Workbook Chapter 9

Chapter 9
FM Frequency Demodulators-2

9.8 Practical Exercise: The Foster-Seeley and Ratio Detectors

Record the DC voltage at tp52 against frequency on the grid provided in Figure
125 adding your own voltage scale.

DC Voltage

430 440 450 460 470 480 kHz

Figure 125 The Frequency Response of the Foster-Seeley Detector

LJ Technical Systems 23
FM Frequency Demodulators-2 AT02
Chapter 9 Student Workbook

Peak-to-peak amplitude of the ‘noise’ output from the:

Foster-Seeley Detector .............................................................................................
Detuned Resonant Circuit Detector .........................................................................
Quadrature Detector .................................................................................................

Record the DC voltage at tp53 against frequency on the grid provided in Figure
129 adding your own voltage scale.

DC Voltage

430 440 450 460 470 480 kHz

Figure 129 The Frequency Response of the Ratio Detector

Peak-to-peak amplitude of the ‘noise’ output from the:

Ratio Detector ..........................................................................................................
Foster-Seeley Detector .............................................................................................
Detuned Resonant Circuit Detector .........................................................................
Quadrature Detector .................................................................................................

24 LJ Technical Systems
AT02 Locating Faults in FM Transmission Systems
Student Workbook Chapter 10

Chapter 10
Locating Faults in FM Transmission Systems

10.6 Practical Exercise: Fault Finding on an FM System

Fault 1 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 2 - Tests Made and Results:

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LJ Technical Systems 25
Locating Faults in FM Transmission Systems AT02
Chapter 10 Student Workbook

Fault 3 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 4 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 5 - Tests Made and Results:

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26 LJ Technical Systems
AT02 Locating Faults in FM Transmission Systems
Student Workbook Chapter 10

Fault 6 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 7 - Tests Made and Results:

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Fault 8 - Tests Made and Results:

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LJ Technical Systems 27
Locating Faults in FM Transmission Systems AT02
Chapter 10 Student Workbook

Notes:
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28 LJ Technical Systems