Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008

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12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 1
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008
What’s RFID ?

RFID – Radio Frequency Identification:

The use of radio communications to identify a
physical object

A subset of general field of Auto-ID:

Examples are barcode, Biometric, Smart card...

12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 2
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008
Elements of RFID System

Tag

Also known as ‘transponder’

Normally attached to an identified object
Antenna

Contains (at least) an ID number

Reader IC (Integrated
Circuit)

Also known as ‘interrogator’

Read/Write data into a tag

Provides interface to computer/ network

Tag

Reader Antenna
Computer
12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 3
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008
RFID vs. Bar Code

Barcode is line-of-sight technology. Barcode labels must be visible to the
scanner.

RFID doesn’t require line-of-sight. RFID tags can be read as long as they
are within range of a reader.

RFID identifies a unique item.

Barcodes identify only the manufacture and product code, not the unique
item.

12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 4
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008
Types of RFID

RFID performance and applications are determined by several
key distinctions:

Passive vs. active

How is the transponder powered?

Frequencies band used

Low vs. high frequency

Communications protocols

Proprietary vs. standard-compliant

Read-only vs. read/write

12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 5
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008
Active Tag

Radio transmitter with battery battery

long range (up to 30 m)

limited lifetime (battery)

range independent of environment

UHF Active tag

(APCS)

But

……. expensive
12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 6
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008
Passive Tag

No battery

short range (up to 1.2 m)

unlimited lifetime (no battery)

range dependent of environment

But HF Passive tag

(RVB System)

……. inexpensive
12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 7
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008
LF: 125/134 KHz

Advantages:

Penetrates water and tissue readily

Penetrated thin layers of non-ferrous metal

Simple, inexpensive IC technology

Disadvantages:

Short read range

Comparable to antenna size, typically< 0.5 meter

(relatively) expensive transponder

Coil with 10’s or 100’s of turns, optional ferrite core

US$3 to $8 typ. For animal applications

Low data rates

Limited by modulation bandwidth(<<carrier freq.)

Typically around 1-4 Kbps

Typical applications:

Animal tracking

Access control

Vehicle immobilizers

12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 8
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008
HF: 13.56 MHz

Advantages:

Limited water penetration

Simple, small transponder

3-8 turn coil, can be made lithographically

Compatible with credit-card format

Simple, inexpensive IC technology
Smart label

Disadvantages:

Short read range

Comparable to antenna size, typically<1.5 m

Data rates

10-100 Kbps typical

Typical applications:

Item/ low-cost asset tagging

Smart cards

E-passport

Libraries

12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 9
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008
UHF: 850-950 MHz

Advantages:

Long range

Up to 10 meters (passive),
30 meters(semi-passive),
300 meters (active)

High data rates

Up to 256 Kbps

Disadvantages:

Complex IC technology

Complex propagation environment

Unpredictable read results at range > 1 m

Backscatter coupling

Complex regulatory environment

Typical applications:

Supply chain management

Case/pallet tags

Baggage handling
12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 10
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008
UHF/Microwave: 2.4 GHz

Advantages:

Long range

Up to 3 meters (passive),
10 meters(semi-passive),
100 meters (active)

High data rates

Up to Mbps

Smaller transponder

Antenna on order of λ/2 = 6 cm

Disadvantages:

Complex IC technology

Shorter range due to smaller antenna

limited lifetime (Depend of battery)

Backscatter coupling :

Other RF devices can interfere with reader

2.45 GHz band heavily used worldwide

Typical applications:

E-toll correction
12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 11

Container tracking
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008

Other formats

12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 12
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008
RFID Reader

Reader consists of:

Radio transmitter

Radio receiver

Interface to user or
network host

Options:

Integral antenna

Integral processor for
local filtering/ aggregation

Antenna multiplexer

12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 13
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008

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Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008



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12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 19
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008
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12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 21
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008

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12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 22
Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008

Q&A
http://www.rfid.thai.net/es-rfid_contest

12/03/51 Embedded System and RFID Innovation Camp and Contest 2008 23