BANK SECURITY SYSTEM WITH AUTO DIALER

ABSTRACT

The objective of this project is to improve the security performance in the Bank
with help of Mobile phone.

This project is very useful to improve the security performance in the Bank.
This project is designed with microcontroller, IR Transmitter and Receiver, Door
Breaking Sensor, Laser Transmitter and Receiver signal conditioning unit, RS232
converter and mobile phone with data cable.

If any one of sensor is detected means the microcontroller will send a SMS to
desired mobile number with the help of transmitting mobile which is interfaced with
microcontroller.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ADVANTAGES

 Low cast.
 Low power consumption.
 No manual work.
 Avoids security threats.
 Compatible size.
 Reliability.

APPLICATIONS

 Used in banks for security purpose.

 It can be implemented in all security needing areas.
 Used in military applications.
 Used in wireless applications.

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

MICROCONTROLLER

INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLER

Microcontrollers are destined to play an increasingly important role in

revolutionizing various industries and influencing our day to day life more strongly than

one can imagine. Since its emergence in the early 1980's the microcontroller has been

recognized as a general purpose building block for intelligent digital systems. It is

finding using diverse area, starting from simple children's toys to highly complex

spacecraft. Because of its versatility and many advantages, the application domain has

spread in all conceivable directions, making it ubiquitous. As a consequence, it has

generate a great deal of interest and enthusiasm among students, teachers and

practicing engineers, creating an acute education need for imparting the knowledge of

microcontroller based system design and development. It identifies the vital features

responsible for their tremendous impact, the acute educational need created by them

and provides a glimpse of the major application area.

MICROCONTROLLER

A microcontroller is a complete microprocessor system built on a single IC.

Microcontrollers were developed to meet a need for microprocessors to be put into low

cost products. Building a complete microprocessor system on a single chip substantially

reduces the cost of building simple products, which use the microprocessor's power to

implement their function, because the microprocessor is a natural way to implement

many products. This means the idea of using a microprocessor for low cost products

comes up often. But the typical 8-bit microprocessor based system, such as one using a

Z80 and 8085 is expensive. Both 8085 and Z80 system need some additional circuits to

make a microprocessor system. Each part carries costs of money. Even though a

product design may requires only very simple system, the parts needed to make this

system as a low cost product.

To solve this problem microprocessor system is implemented with a single chip

microcontroller. This could be called microcomputer, as all the major parts are in the IC.
Most frequently they are called microcontroller because they are used they are used to

perform control functions.

The microcontroller contains full implementation of a standard

MICROPROCESSOR, ROM, RAM, I/0, CLOCK, TIMERS, and also SERIAL PORTS.

Microcontroller also called "system on a chip" or "single chip microprocessor system" or

"computer on a chip".

A microcontroller is a Computer-On-A-Chip, or, if you prefer, a single-chip

computer. Micro suggests that the device is small, and controller tells you that the

device' might be used to control objects, processes, or events. Another term to describe

a microcontroller is embedded controller, because the microcontroller and its support

circuits are often built into, or embedded in, the devices they control.

Today microcontrollers are very commonly used in wide variety of intelligent

products. For example most personal computers keyboards and implemented with a

microcontroller. It replaces Scanning, Debounce, Matrix Decoding, and Serial

transmission circuits. Many low cost products, such as Toys, Electric Drills, Microwave

Ovens, VCR and a host of other consumer and industrial products are based on

microcontrollers.

EVOLUTION OF MICROCONTROROLLER

Markets for microcontrollers can run into millions of units per application. At these

volumes of the microcontrollers is a commodity items and must be optimized so that

cost is at a minimum. .Semiconductor manufacturers have produced a mind-numbing

array of designs that would seem to meet almost any need. Some of the chips listed in
this section are no longer regular production, most are current, and a few are best

termed as "smoke ware": the dreams of an aggressive marketing department.

Sl.No
Manufacturer Chip Year No. No RAM ROM Other
Designation of of Features
Pins I/O

4 Bit MC

1. Texas TMS 1000 Mid 28 23 64 1K LED

Instruments 1970 Display

2. Hitachi HMCS 40 - 28 10 32 512 10 bit

ROM

3. Toshiba TLCS 47 - 42 35 128 2K Serial bit

I/O

8 bit MC

1. Intel 8048 1976 40 27 64 1K External

Memory
8K

2 Intel 8051 1980 40 32 128 4K External

Memory
128 K

3. Motorola 6081 1977 - 31 128 2K

4. Motorola 68HC11 1985 52 40 256 8K Serial

Port,
 ADC,

5. Zilog Z8 - 40 32 128 2K External

Memory
128K,

16 Bit MC

1. Intel 80C196 - 68 40 232 8K External

Memory
64K,
Serial
Port,
ADC,
WDT,
PWM

2. Hitachi H8/532 - 84 65 1K 32K External

Memory
1M,
Serial
Port,
ADC,
PWM

3. National HPC16164 - 68 52 512 16K External

Memory
64K,
ADC,
WDT,
 PWM

32 Bit MC

1. Intel 80960 - 132 20 MHz clock, 32 bit bus, 512

byte instruction cache
APPLICATION

Microcontrollers did you use today?

A microcontroller is a kind of miniature computer that you can find in all kinds of

Gizmos. Some examples of common, every-day products that have microcontrollers are

built-in. If it has buttons and a digital display, chances are it also has a programmable

microcontroller brain.

Every-Day the devices used by ourselves that contain Microcontrollers. Try to

make a list and counting how many devices and the events with microcontrollers you

use in a typical day. Here are some examples: if your clock radio goes off, and you hit

the snooze button a few times in the morning, the first thing you do in your day is

interact with a microcontroller. Heating up some food in the microwave oven and

making a call on a cell phone also involve operating microcontrollers. That's just the

beginning. Here are a few more examples: Turning on the Television with a handheld

remote, playing a hand held game, Using a calculator, and Checking your digital wrist

watch. All those devices have microcontrollers inside them, that interact with you.

Consumer appliances aren't the only things that contain microcontrollers. Robots,

machinery, aerospace designs and other high-tech devices are also built with

microcontrollers.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF MICROCONTROLLER
PIN DIAGRAM

PIN DESCRIPTION

VCC

Supply voltage.

GND

Ground.

Port 0

Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port each pin can

sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as

highimpedance inputs. Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed loworder

address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode

P0 has internal pullups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming,

and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pullups are required

during program verification.

Port 1

Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 1 output

buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are

pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that

are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups.

Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and

verification.

Port 2

Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 2 output

buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are

pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that

are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups.

Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory

and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @

DPTR). In this application it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During

accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits

the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order

address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.

Port 3

Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 3 output

buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are

pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that
are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pullups. Port 3

also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C51 as listed below:

Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and

verification.

RST

Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is

running resets the device.

ALE/PROG

Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during

accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during

Flash programming. In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the

oscillator frequency, and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note,

however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory.

If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH.

With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the

pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller

is in external execution mode.

PSEN

Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When the

AT89C51 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice

each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access

to external data memory.

EA/VPP

External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the

device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to

FFFFH. Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on

reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions.

This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during

Flash programming, for parts that require 12-volt VPP.

XTAL1

Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating

circuit.

XTAL2

Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. It should be noted that when idle is

terminated by a hard ware reset, the device normally resumes program execution, from

where it left off, up to two machine cycles before the internal reset algorithm takes

control. On-chip hardware inhibits access to internal RAM in this event, but access to

the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the possibility of an unexpected write to a port

pin when Idle is terminated by reset, the instruction following the one that invokes Idle

should not be one that writes to a port pin or to external memory.

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)

Liquid crystal displays (LCD’s) have materials, which combine the properties of
both liquids and crystals. Rather than having a melting point, they have a temperature
range within which the molecules are almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid, but
are grouped together in an ordered form similar to a crystal.
An LCD consists of two glass panels, with the liquid crystal material sand witched
in between them. The inner surface of the glass plates are coated with transparent
electrodes which define the character, symbols or patterns to be displayed polymeric
layers are present in between the electrodes and the liquid crystal, which makes the
liquid crystal molecules to maintain a defined orientation angle.
One each polarizes are pasted outside the two glass panels. These polarizes
would rotate the light rays passing through them to a definite angle, in a particular
direction. When the LCD is in the off state, light rays are rotated by the two polarizes
and the liquid crystal, such that the light rays come out of the LCD without any
orientation, and hence the LCD appears transparent.
When sufficient voltage is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules
would be aligned in a specific direction. The light rays passing through the LCD would
be rotated by the polarizes, which would result in activating / highlighting the desired
characters. The LCD’s are lightweight with only a few millimeters thickness. Since the
LCD’s consume less power, they are compatible with low power electronic circuits, and
can be powered for long durations.
The LCD does not generate light and so light is needed to read the display. By
using backlighting, reading is possible in the dark. The LCD’s have long life and a wide
operating temperature range. Changing the display size or the layout size is relatively
simple which makes the LCD’s more customers friendly.
The LCDs used exclusively in watches, calculators and measuring instruments
are the simple seven-segment displays, having a limited amount of numeric data. The
recent advances in technology have resulted in better legibility, more information
displaying capability and a wider temperature range. These have resulted in the LCDs
being extensively used in telecommunications and entertainment electronics. The LCDs
have even started replacing the cathode ray tubes (CRTs) used for the display of text
and graphics, and also in small TV applications.
Crystalonics dot–matrix (alphanumeric) liquid crystal displays are available in
TN, STN types, with or without backlight. The use of C-MOS LCD controller and driver
ICs result in low power consumption. These modules can be interfaced with a 4-bit or 8-
bit microprocessor /Micro controller.
 The built-in controller IC has the following features:
 Correspond to high speed MPU interface (2MHz)
 80 x 8 bit display RAM (80 Characters max)
 9,920-bit character generator ROM for a total of 240 character fonts. 208 character
fonts (5 x 8 dots) 32 character fonts (5 x 10 dots)
 64 x 8 bit character generator RAM 8 character generator RAM 8 character fonts (5
x 8 dots) 4 characters fonts (5 x 10 dots)
 Programmable duty cycles
 1/8 – for one line of 5 x 8 dots with cursor
 1/11 – for one line of 5 x 10 dots with cursor
 1/16 – for one line of 5 x 8 dots with cursor
 Wide range of instruction functions display clear, cursor home, display on/off, cursor
on/off, display character blink, cursor shift, display shift.
 Automatic reset circuit, which initializes the controller / driver ICs after power on.
IR SENSOR

we have used IR sensor for detect the objects.Infrared transmitter is one type of
LED which emits infrared rays generally called as IR Transmitter. Similarly IR Receiver
(photo diode) is used to receive the IR rays transmitted by the IR transmitter. One
important point is both IR transmitter and receiver should be placed straight line to each
other.
4 LASER TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER

TRANSMITTER
A laser (acronym for light amplification by the stimulated emission of
radiation) is an optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. The back-formed
verb lase means "to produce laser light" or "to apply laser light to".

In analogy with optical lasers, a device which produces any particles or

electromagnetic radiation in a coherent state is also called a "laser", usually with
indication of type of particle as prefix (for example, atom laser.) In most cases, "laser"
refers to a source of coherent photons, i.e. light or other electromagnetic radiation.
Laser light is typically near-monochromatic, i.e., consisting of a single wavelength
or color, and emitted in a narrow beam. This contrasts with common light sources, such
as the incandescent light bulb, which emit incoherent photons in almost all directions,
usually over a wide spectrum of wavelengths.

RECEIVER

The photo diode is used as receiving device. The data are transmitted in as light
medium. The light rays are fallen on the photo diode.

When light ray falls on the photo diode, the diode is conducting and became
short circuit. When there are no light rays, the diode became open circuit. The photo
diode is connected in series with resistor and constructs the voltage divider. This
combination is connected to inverting input terminal of the comparator.

DOOR BREAKING SENSOR

We have used vibration sensor as abreaking sensor. Piezoelectric sensors have

proven to be versatile tools for the measurement of various processes. They are used
for quality assurance, process control and process development in many different
industries.

Piezo electric sensors are also seen in nature. Bones act as force sensors. Once
loaded, bones produce charges proportional to the resulting internal torsion or
displacement. Those charges stimulate and drive the build up of new bone material.
This leads to the strengthening of structures where the internal displacements are the
greatest. With time, this causes weaker structures to increase their strength and stability
as material is laid down proportional to the forces affecting the bone.

RS232 AND MAX232

In this project we have used RS232 for communicate the microcontroller and PC.
In telecommunications, RS-232 is a standard for serial binary data interconnection
between a DTE (Data terminal equipment) and a DCE (Data Circuit-terminating
Equipment). It is commonly used in computer serial ports.

In this circuit the MAX 232 IC used as level logic converter. The MAX232 is a
dual driver/receiver that includes a capacitive voltage generator to supply EIA 232
voltage levels from a single 5v supply. Each receiver converts EIA-232 to 5v TTL/CMOS
levels. Each driver converts TLL/CMOS input levels into EIA-232 levels.
Power supply
Block diagram
The ac voltage, typically 220V rms, is connected to a transformer, which
steps that ac voltage down to the level of the desired dc output. A diode rectifier
then provides a full-wave rectified voltage that is initially filtered by a simple
capacitor filter to produce a dc voltage. This resulting dc voltage usually has some
ripple or ac voltage variation.
A regulator circuit removes the ripples and also remains the same dc value
even if the input dc voltage varies, or the load connected to the output dc voltage
changes. This voltage regulation is usually obtained using one of the popular
voltage regulator IC units.

TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER FILTER IC REGULATOR LOAD

Figure2.5: Block diagram (Power supply)

Working principle
Transformer
The potential transformer will step down the power supply voltage (0-230V)
to (0-6V) level. Then the secondary of the potential transformer will be connected
to the precision rectifier, which is constructed with the help of op–amp. The
advantages of using precision rectifier are it will give peak voltage output as DC,
rest of the circuits will give only RMS output.

Bridge rectifier
 When four diodes are connected as shown in figure, the circuit is called as
bridge rectifier. The input to the circuit is applied to the diagonally opposite
corners of the network, and the output is taken from the remaining two corners.
Let us assume that the transformer is working properly and there is a
positive potential, at point A and a negative potential at point B. the positive
potential at point A will forward bias D3 and reverse bias D4.
The negative potential at point B will forward bias D1 and reverse D2. At
this time D3 and D1 are forward biased and will allow current flow to pass through
them; D4 and D2 are reverse biased and will block current flow.
The path for current flow is from point B through D1, up through RL,
through D3, through the secondary of the transformer back to point B. this path is
indicated by the solid arrows. Waveforms (1) and (2) can be observed across D1
and D3.
One-half cycle later the polarity across the secondary of the transformer
reverse, forward biasing D2 and D4 and reverse biasing D1 and D3. Current flow
will now be from point A through D4, up through RL, through D2, through the
secondary of T1, and back to point A. This path is indicated by the broken arrows.
Waveforms (3) and (4) can be observed across D2 and D4. The current flow
through RL is always in the same direction. In flowing through RL this current
develops a voltage corresponding to that shown waveform (5). Since current flows
through the load (RL) during both half cycles of the applied voltage, this bridge
rectifier is a full-wave rectifier.
One advantage of a bridge rectifier over a conventional full-wave rectifier is
that with a given transformer the bridge rectifier produces a voltage output that is
nearly twice that of the conventional full-wave circuit.
This may be shown by assigning values to some of the components shown in
views A and B. assume that the same transformer is used in both circuits. The peak
voltage developed between points X and y is 1000 volts in both circuits. In the
conventional full-wave circuit shown—in view A, the peak voltage from the center
tap to either X or Y is 500 volts. Since only one diode can conduct at any instant,
the maximum voltage that can be rectified at any instant is 500 volts.
The maximum voltage that appears across the load resistor is nearly-but
never exceeds-500 v0lts, as result of the small voltage drop across the diode. In the
bridge rectifier shown in view B, the maximum voltage that can be rectified is the
full secondary voltage, which is 1000 volts. Therefore, the peak output voltage
across the load resistor is nearly 1000 volts. With both circuits using the same
transformer, the bridge rectifier circuit produces a higher output voltage than the
conventional full-wave rectifier circuit.

IC voltage regulators
Voltage regulators comprise a class of widely used ICs. Regulator IC
units contain the circuitry for reference source, comparator amplifier, control
device, and overload protection all in a single IC. IC units provide regulation of
either a fixed positive voltage, a fixed negative voltage, or an adjustably set
voltage. The regulators can be selected for operation with load currents from
hundreds of milli amperes to tens of amperes, corresponding to power ratings from
milli watts to tens of watts.