PRESENTESION MADE BY:

YASH PATEL
Introduction
 Water is a vital natural resource which
forms the basis of all life.
 It is one of the marvelous gift to us.
 About 70% of the human body is water.
 The bodies of all plants and animals
contain water.
 It has be estimated that the total water
contained on earth is about 1385.5×10^6.
About water
 97% of the water on the Earth is salt water.
However, only 3% percent is fresh water; slightly
over 2/3 of this is frozen in glaciers and polar ice
caps.
 The remaining unfrozen freshwater is found
mainly as groundwater, with only a small fraction
present above ground or in the air.
 On the surface of earth 71% is covered by seas and
oceans and remaining 29% is occupied by land.
 Fresh water is a renewable resource.
 Distribution of water on
earth
Sources Of Water
Sources
of water

Surface water Ground water

 Lakes  Open wells

 Ponds  Tube wells
 Streams  Artesian wells
 Rivers  Springs
 Storage reservoir  Infiltration
Surface water
 Surface water is water on the surface of the planet such
as in a river, lake, wetland, or ocean. It can be
contrasted with groundwater and atmospheric water.
 Non-saline surface water is replenished
by precipitation and by recruitment from ground-
water. It is lost through evaporation, seepage into the
ground where it becomes ground-water, used by plants
for transpiration, extracted by mankind for
agriculture, living, industry etc. or discharged to the
sea where it becomes saline.
1) Lake

2) Ponds

3) Streams

4) Rivers
Ground water
 Ground water is the water present beneath Earth's
surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock
formations.
1)Open wells

2)Tube wells

3)Artesian
well

4)Infiltration
galleries
Uses of water
 The use of water may be broadly divided into three
categories:
Uses of water

Consumptive use Partial consumptive Non-consumptive

• Irrigation use use use
• Domestic use  Navigational use
• Industrial use  Recreational use
• Institutional use  Hydro electric
• Public use power generation
• Fire demad  Pollution control
 Overuse of water
 Rapid population growth and increasing water
consumption for agriculture,industry and domestic
have strained the world’s fresh water resources.
 Water disputes between the Indian states are
increasing as they have to meet the increase in water
demand due to overuse of water.
 Due to expanding human population, competition for
water is growing such that many of the world’s aquifers
are becoming depleted. this is due to overuse of water.
 Conservation of water
 Excessive and unplanned use of water has depleted our
water resources.
 Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies
and activities made to manage fresh water as a
sustainable resource, to protect the water
environment, and to meet current and future human
demand.
 Hence, there is immediate need for the conservation
of water.
 Domestic conservation
1. Verify your home is leak free.
2. Close faucets while soaping and rinsing
clothes.
3. Use waste water in flush.
4. Keep overflow valve in the overhead tank.
5. Don’t over water your loans.
6. Avoid flushing unnecessarily.
7. Use sprinkle irrigation in your garden.
 Industrial conservation
1. Install waste water treatment plant in the factory.
2. Reuse cooling water for gardening or irrigation.
3. Develop new plant processes which require less
water.
4. Reuse water when it is discharged from various
processes.
5. Check the efficiency of your water equipment on
regular basis.
 Agricultural conservation
1. Improved methods of irrigation like drip irrigation
and sprinkler irrigation must be used.
2. Conventional flooding methods of irrigation should
be discouraged.
3. Avoiding excess irrigation.
4. Reducing losses from canals.
5. By constructing structures like: check dames,khet
talawadi,pala,gully plugging.
 Rain water harvesting