Our Lady of Lourdes College

Foundation
Vinzons Ave. Daet Camarinez Norte
Case Presentation on
Typhoid Fever Encephalopathy

Presented by Group 2:
Introduction
Typhoid fever or abdominal thypus is an acute infectious disease of the small intestine
with symptoms of fever a week or more with disorders of the gastrointestinal tract
and with or without disturbance of consciousness. Transmission of the disease almost
always occurs through contaminated food and drink.

Etiology
Typhoid fever is caused by infection with the bacteria Salmonella typhosa / Eberthella
typhosa which is negative bacteria, motile and did not produce spores, live splendidly
at human body temperature or slightly lower temperatures, and die at a temperature
of 70 C and antiseptic.

Clinical symptoms
The incubation period of 7-20 days, the shortest incubation of 3 days and the longest
60 days. Average incubation period of 14 days with clinical symptoms are varied and
nonspecific.

Although symptoms vary, the general symptoms can be grouped into: fever a week or
more, gastrointestinal disorders and disturbances of consciousness. In the first week:
fever, headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation and increased
body temperature (39-41 C). After the second week the more obvious symptoms
include fever remittent, typhoid tongue with a sign, among others; seems dry,
encased in thick, the back looks more pale, the tip section and a more reddish edges.
Enlarged liver and spleen, abdominal bloating and tenderness in the right lower
abdomen and may be accompanied by disturbances of consciousness from mild to
severe such as delirium.
Roseola (rose spots), the skin of the chest or abdomen occurs at the end of the first
week or beginning of the second week. Embolism is a germ, which contain salmonella
bacteria inside.

Complication
Intestinal bleeding, intestinal perforation, paralytic ileus, septic shock,
pyelonephritis, cholecystitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, peritonitis, meningitis,
encephalopathy, bronchitis, chronic carrier.

Prevalence
Biographical data
Name: PT. 1C
Age: 8
Gender: Male
Religion: Roman Catholic
Blood type: +O
Diagnosis: Typhoid Fever Encephalopathy
Chief Complaint: on and off fever

Vital Signs
Blood Pressure: 80/60
Cardiac Rate: 80
Respiratory Rate: 19
Temperature: 36.9

History
Physical Assessment
Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns

Laboratories
Actual Result Normal Value Analysis

Hemoglobin (Hgb) 117 Actual test result that the

13.8 - 17.2g/Dl patient experiencing
increasing of Hemoglobin
level. It cause the body to
make too many red blood
 cells, causing the blood to
be ticker than usual. High
Hgb can also be cause by
dehydration, smoking, or
living at the high attitudes or
it can be linked to other
condition, such as lung or
heart disease.

Hematocrit (Hct) 0.35 Hematocrit is normal, this

38.3 - 48.6 test is usually measured by
spinning down a sample of
blood in a test tube, which
cause the red blood cells to
pack at the bottom of the
tube.

White Blood Cells (WBC) 18.3 A high wbc count isn't a

5.00 - 10.00 specific disease, but it can
indicate another problem,
such as infection, stress,
inflammation, trauma,
allergy, or certain disease,
when there is viral or
bacterial infection.

Platelet Count 247 Normal platelet count,

150 - 400x109/L platelet is a lab test to
measure how many platelet
you have in your blood.
Platelet are the tiny
fragment of cells that are
essentials for normal blood
clothing.

Urine Gravity 1.015 Normal results, It measure

1.002 - 1.035 the ratio of urine density
compared the water density
and provide information on
the kidney's ability to
concentrate urine.

Typhidot
Is a medical test consisting of a dot ELISA kit that detects IgM and IgG antibodies
against the outer membrane protein ( OMP ) of the Salmonella typhi. The Thypidot test
becomes positive within 2-3 days of infection and separately identifies IgM and IgG
antibodies.

Purified Protein Derivative ( PPD ) skin test

Is a test that determine if you have tuberculosis ( TB ). TB is a serious infection usually
of the lungs, caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacteria spreads
when you breathe in the air exhaled by a person infected with TB.

Anatomy and Physiology

Pathophysiology
Medical Management
Nursing Care Plan