Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
vulcanhammer.info
the website about
Vulcan Iron Works
Inc. and the pile
driving equipment it
manufactured
This site is not an official site of Prentice-Hall, Pile Buck, or Vulcan Foundation
Equipment. All references to sources of software, equipment, parts, service or
repairs do not constitute an endorsement.
1
PILE FOUNDATION ANALYSIS
William E. Saul
October 8- 9 ,
UII'EX, bladison
A DK3ONSTRATXON
PTLE BEH.4VIOR
GROUP ACTION
Axis of Pile
C. Elevation
[S1Ii - T T T
~ ~ l ~ ~ a l ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ b ' l ~ ~ ~ l ~ ( ~4 ) a 1 ~ ~ d l ~
vhere
[P*]~-[-.~
COSE sin^
.;c 3
and
-sins e i n y c o s a
COW siPysina
0 cosy
which may b e v r i t t e n
Is'l, - [ca~l~[b'l~
T
o r i n member p r i n c i p a l axu f r m
-
i ~ 1[ c a ~d i
T
{ ~=d ~ -
( ~ 1t b -~
Ii ( ~ ) - I~*J~~C=PI:{AI (13)
- SOIL-PILE I ~ T I O HODELS
N
k
s
-
1- incruses vith depth and uny be a s s c u d t o 'do so l i n u r l y s o that
@ vhera 2 is depth of s o i l and t h e soil p a r t o r
d t s of 1 b / h e 4 o r N/=
6
.
has t h e
-
to. t h e p i l e c a p . Thus, 0
c o n d i t i o n aud 6
61 1.0 where 6
1.0 f o r a f i x e d condition.
-
connectivity of the p i l e
0 f o r a pinned o r hinged
I f t h e connection fs
s e a i - r i g i d , i.e., 0 < 6 (1.0, t h e d u e of 6 may be estimated. With
m ~ d e lC, t h e layered o r f i n i t e l e n g t h p i l e , 6 should be formulated u
a m u l t i p l i e r t o t h e c o e f f i c i e n t s coutputed e a r l i e r . These m u l t i p l i e r s
a r e 6 f o r b'44s bnS6, bPLS, a d b'Z4; f o r b V l i and b'2Z it is 0.5 ( 1 ~ ) .
The l o n g i t u d i n a l member s t i f f n e s s c o e f f i c i e n t s , b ' j f a x i a l and
b'66-torsion have been s u g g u t e d ( I ) in t h e form
--1jj 1 1
1--+-...
(17)
ill b;3i b33,1 b33,2
COMPUTATIONS
P i l e p r o p e r t i e s are:
10.75 in.,
A - I
16.1 in.
Y
2
, Ix= -
211.9 in. 4 , Dx = D
E = 30,000 hi, and G- 12,000 hi. S o i l m d u l u s ks
Y
0.2 -
-
kci. It can b e seen t h a t t h e r e is a rapid change a f t e r 6 f t . v i t h t h e . I
1 1
- -
s t i f f n e s s c o e f f i ~ i e n t sapproaching t h e v a l u e f o r InflnCte. Note t h a t
\ ) 0.0171/in.,
b14 -
r f i e l d s I. 2 15.35 f t . as r long p i l e .
If t h e above p i l e is topped v i t h a 2 f t . c a n t i l e v e r , i.e.,
p i l e v i t h 24 f t . embedded and 2 f t . i n air, t h e e o e f f i c i m n t s are:
211,508 in-k/rad, and bi5 = 3257.1 k/rad.
Obviously, the condition of t h e t o p l a y e r i s of major importance.
A problem vas solved, s e e Fig. 4, t o i l l u s t r a t e t h e method of
a 26 f t -
1i I
-
.-
I
computation. The p i l e p r o p e r t i e s are:
11
. . I
I
.
-
Fig. 4 - Example Problem
12
4
u (in 1 u (in 1 u ( i n I (in. 1
P i l e No. L(in.1 1 ' 2 ' 3 - - ~ ( ~ ~ - 2 )
1 400 30 20 1.32 30- 3 16.10 211.9
2 400 0 0 -7.68 0 0 113.09 1017.9
3 400 -20 -20 1.32 300. 5 16.76 294.7
i P i l e No.
4
Ix(in. 1 D x ( i n . ) D (in-) (
Elcei
) G(ksi) Material
1 211.9 10.75 10.75 30,000 12,000 St-lPip
2 1017.9 12 12 1,500 300 Timber Pole
3 100.6 10.224 10.03 30,000 12,000 BPlO
A follObLiOO 1Qd of
The soil subgrad. dU;LW k, = 0.1 kci.
-
jQIT = [40.k, 2O.k. 600.k. 0 , -500 in-k, 01 w a r used.
1. P i l e stiffness v h r ,
. .#:.\ -
pile -
b;l -
bi2 5 -
bb4 -
b;5 -
bi6 -
bi5 -
b;4
C i
2I
1.1
3.
4.
-
308.06
[
26.93
435.18
2497.66
327.69.
756.74
276.97
74.24
2600.15
-9410.49
421.86
-
{ A } ~ t-0.5132,
2704.86
-1699.42
-9449.02
6912.82
1,277,722
-1,202,452
- 285,315
1,905,765
189,448 I
327,523
-0.0054891
-
1
1 '
---
---
.
, - - I
$4
{XI:
1x1:
5.
{rIl
{z}:
T
-
-
[-0.5931,
(-0.8944.
0.5686,
-0.2291,
0.3741,
0.1899,
-
=
1-6-58, -1.31,
1-19.72.
211.2,
20.16, 158.7.
0.009015,
-0.003017,
0.010398. -0.0051891
-188.1. -134.3.
0.013032.
-22.31
-0.0064121
&I
-,
z!
13
I - -
-1
q!J
-.= , ..3 -
. .
I'
.
Although o computer program "as used t o sol- the pml-m the s t i f f n e s s
m a t r i x can b e assembled using the equations i n Appendix I. The &or
s t i f f n e s s matrices Ib1Ix can be determin+d from n d o l Al but v e r o coa-
puted f o r t h i s problem u a h g C t o check Al.
CONCLUSIONS
B1 -
bll
2
cos Y - bZ2 + bj3 2
'in Y
B3 - 11 33
(blS+bZ4) coea
COSY 8 i ~ O
Bb -q -
sina u2 cons
B5 - 2 2
+
bll sin y b33 cos y
B6 -bgq cos y
2
- bS5 + bb6 sin2 y
B1 = u3 [b22+i31 c o s 2 d B16 - 2
(b15 s i n a - b24 cos 2a)cosy
B -u (b22+Bl sh20) B17 - u1 bZ2 - bZ4 sinY c o s a
bg -B~ u3 s i n a cosu B 18- sins COS~
"46
- 1 2 5 6 1 8 15 1
2 3 2 4 1 16 19
3 211 113 3 1 1 8
(B -B B 1-u B -B C O ~ Q ~ ~ ~ ( B ~ ~ B ~ + B ~ , )
- B'U
2
+B sin a++ +2 6 cosWu3(B,+2tyBU+2B14)
55 "l 15
"55
s * 56 -q 1 5 6
( B ~ B ~ + B ~ ) - B ~ ~ s[shy
~ u (gBlc~W+b24sino)~2
~ B ~ ~ + u ~ (~~~cos0cb~~~l
S' 66 - 2 2 2 2
b l B 4 + ( ~ l ~ Z ) b U - 2 b 2 4 ( ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 ~ i ~ ) ~ i n Y + ( b 4 4 - b 6Y+b66
6)~b -
vhere U1(u1,u2.u3) are the coordinates of the pifa top in thm f o d r
tion, ai is the angle to the direction of batter elockuiss in p l w
fron the U1 and yi is the angle of batter f r o m the vertical in
the plane of batter.
- -- -.-.- -
APPENDIX I1 - STIFFNESS COEFRCIEfiTS FOR LONG P I L E S
APPENDIX 111 - STIFFNESS KATRIX FOR A PILE SEGMENT
where, Tli -
n, = (C'S
(C'S' - CS)q
- CS')K~
- T3i = 2(CS + C'S*)KB 2q
2
2(C'S + CS')KB q
T4i
T5,
T6,
-- (s*' + s2)rk
2SS'dq
Segment i of Pile vlth Hembe?
Degrees of Fretdoa
-'
q
--
l/(sq2-s2)
C COSSL
S = sia0L
2
APPENDIX I V - REFERENCES
1. S a d . W i l l i a m E., " S t a t i c and Dynamic Analysts of P l l e Foundations,"
Journal of the S t r u c t u r a l Division, ASCE, Vol. 94, No. STS, Uay.
1968, pp. 1077-1100.
' 8. .Saul, U f l l i a a E., and Wolf, ~hontasW., "Applications For New Research
f o r P i l e Supported Hachine Foundations," paper presented a t the 1979
Annual Conventloo, ACI, H i l v a k e e , W i s . , March, 1979.
ll. Arya, Suresh C., O'Neill, Mchael W., and Pfncus, George, Design of
Structures and Foundations foe Vibrating Fachinas, 'Gulf Publ. Co.,
Houston, 1979.
-?
12- Poulos, Harry C., "Group Factors f o r P i l d e f l e e t i o n Eatirmtioa,"
Journal of the Ceotechnicd Ennineerinx Division, ASCZ, Vol. 105,
No. GT12, Dec., 1979, pp. 1489-1509.
1. Errata:
2. Change s u b s c r i p t s i n e x p r e s s i o n f o r b
22
to 1 i n .
Eqs. 4 , 1 4 , & 20.
3. Change s u b s c r i p t s i n e x p r e s s i o n f o r b = b to
2 i n Eqs. .9, 1 7 , & 2 3 . 15 51
4. Change s u b s c r i p t s i n e x p r e s s i o n f o r b = b to
1 i n Eqs. 1 0 , 1 8 , & 24. 24 42
5. Chanqe e x p r e s s i o n i n Eqs. 19 & 20 t o (1 + 2 B i k ) ;
( i . e . , change -t o +.)
2. D i s c u s s i o n s o f t h e above p a p e r were p u b l i s h e d a s f o l l o w s :
1. O'Neill, M.W., S t r u c t u r a l J o u r n a l , ASCE, Feb. 1969, pp. 289-295.
2. V. N. S. Murthy and S. P. S h r i v a s t a v a , S t r u c t u r a l J o u r n a l ASCE,
Feb. 1969, p. 288.
3. Shamsher P r a k a s h a n d V. C h a n d r a s e k a r a n , S t r u c t u r a l J o u r n a l ,
ASCE, Nov. 1 9 6 9 , p. 7 6 2
4. C l o s u r e , s t r u c t u r e s j o u r n a l ASCE, N o v . 1 9 6 9 , p . 2 5 1 1 .
3. D i s c u s s i o n s o r o t h e r p a p e r s which add t o t h e above.
1. J o u r n a l o f t h e G e o t e c n n i c a l D i v i s i o n , ASCE, Feb. 1977, pp. 147-148.
Extend models t o i n c l u d e s e m i - i n f i n i t e p i l e i n s c i l w i t h
l i n e a r l y i n c r e a s i n g modulus o f s u b g r a d e r e a c t i o n .
2. J o u r n a l o f t h e G e o t e c h n i c a l D i v i s i o n ASCE, Dec. 1 9 7 8 , pp. 1526-1530.
3. " A p p l i c a t i o n s f o r New Research f o r P i l e S u p p o r t e d Machine Founda-
t i o n s " by W i l l i a m E. S a u l & Thomas W . Wolf, p r e s e n t e d a t A C I Annual
C o n f e r e n c e , Milwaukee, W I , March 1979.
4. " P i l e F o u n d a t i o n A n a l y s i s " by Willian! E. S a u l , Preprint 80-102,
ASCE S p r i n ~1980 Convention.