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The separation mechanism based on diffusion of the solute and solvent through the
membrane. These membranes are often in the form of composite of a homogenous film
on a microporous support as used in reverse osmosis pervaporation. Both of these
membranes has the smallest pores and allows only the solvent to pass through by
sorption-diffusion mechanism.
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The performance of a membrane can be distinct by two simple factors, flux (or product
rate) and selectivity through the membrane. Flux is defined as the permeation capacity
that refers to the quantity of fluid permeating per unit area of membrane per unit time.
Flux depends linearity on both the permeability and the driving force. The flux also
depends inversely upon the thickness of the membrane. Thinner membranes contributed
to the higher flux. Usually the water flux is measured in gallons per square foot per day
(galft-2day-1), kilogram per square meter per hour (kgm-2 hr-1) or meter cube per meter
square per day (m3m-2day-1). Membrane selectivity towards a mixture is generally
expressed by rejection. It is a measure of the relative permeation rates of different
components through the membrane. The simplest manner to express solute rejection
characteristics is defined as:
R =1 – Cp / Cf
Membrane Method of
Driving force Application
Separati type separation
on process
Microfiltration Symmetric Hydrostatic pressure
difference, 10-500kPa
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