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College of Engineering
Department of Geodetic Engineering
Visca, Baybay City, 6521-A, Leyte, Philippines
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Baseline Measurement
Establishment of Horizontal Control by Triangulation
l. Introduction
Control surveying is referred to as the determination of the precise position of
a number of stations which are distributed over a large area. The established stations
of the system serve as the basis for originating or checking other subordinate surveys
for engineering projects such as topographic and hydrographic mapping; planning,
design and layout of highways and railroads, delineation of property or political
boundaries. Control surveys can be divided into two general type which area laid out
in the form of nets covering the areas to be surveyed: Horizontal and vertical controls.
When a large area is to be surveyed and where the methods of traversing would
not be expected to maintain a uniform high accuracy over the entire area, triangulation
as a form of horizontal control is specified. Triangulation surveys consists of networks
of geometric figures with almost all of the angle measured directly in the field and with
relatively few of sides measured. The positions and elevations of widely separated
points are determined. The lengths and directions of the lines joining these distant
points also need to be determined. With triangulation more than one route can be used
in moving through the system to calculate desired lengths.
ll. Objectives
(a) To gather data for a low order triangulation system consisting of a chain of
single triangles.
(b) To learn how to apply the approximate method of adjusting a triangulation
system and how to determine lengths of its unknown sides.
Engineer’s Transit, Compass, Stadia Rod, Chaining Pins, and Hubs or Pegs.
lV. Procedure:
These are data accumulated during the field activity. Table 1 shows that the data
gathered are erroneous and needs to be corrected using Approximate method:
station adjustment and figure adjustment. After distributing its errors, Table 2 and
Table 3 shows a Quadrilateral adjustment where these two table are related to each
other as well as Table 1. This signifies that Table 1 needs to be adjusted using the
two conditions: angle and side condition. After computing and distributing its errors
and taking the logarithms and logarithms of sine, as shown on the Table 3. The
correction made on Table 3 was applied on Table 4 to have a sum of 360 for
quadrilaterals.
Vl. Conclusion
Vll. Sketch
Vlll. References:
La Putt, J. (1986). Higher Surveying 2nd Edition. P.O. Box 228, Baguio City,
Philippines: Baguio Research and Publishing Center.