Definitions Of IH

 Internet :
A computer "network" is a group of computers connected together to
exchange data. When several networks are interconnected we have
an "internet". The global network of interconnected internets is "The
Internet".

A global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100

countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions.

An international collection of computer networks that are networked

together using the common TCP/IP protocol. There are thousands of
computer networks comprising millions of computers connected
through the Internet.

A group of interconnected worldwide computers using an agreed on

set of standards and protocols to request information from and send
information to each other.

 Modem :
A device that converts digital data into analog signals and vice-versa
for transmission over a telephone line

A communications device that modulates signals at the transmitting

end and demodulates them at the receiving end.

 Networks :

A group of stations (computers, telephones, or other devices)

connected by communications facilities for exchanging information.
Connection can be permanent, via cable, or temporary, through
telephone or other communications links.

It refers to two or more computers that have been linked together to

enable them to communicate with each other, exchange information,
and share resources.
  Client :

A client is an application or system that accesses a (remote) service

on another computer system known as a server by way of a network.

A program unit which makes use of the services provided by a

particular package.

 Server :

A computer that handles requests for data, e-mail, file transfers and
other network services from other computers.

A host computer on a network that holds information (such as Web

sites) and responds to requests for information from it (links to
another Web page). The term server is also used to refer to the
software that makes the act of serving information possible. ...

 Baud Rate :

The transmission rate at which data flows between computers. The

baud rate is roughly equivalent to the number of bits per second
(bps).

The number of transmissions per second. Typically used to specify

modem speed. For modems the baud rate and bps are the same.

 TCP/IP :

TCP/IP is the communications protocol that under girds the Internet

and communications between computers in a network. ...

A network communications protocol that forms the basis of most

communications on the Internet.

The basic communication language or protocol of the Internet.

 HTTP :
Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is a standard method of transferring
data between a Web server and a Web browser.

Hypertext Transfer protocol. The set of rules that govern the transfer
of most documents traveling over the Internet. It appears at the
beginning of every Internet address.

 URL :

Uniform Resource Locator; an address that specifies the location of a

file on the Internet (eg, http://www.yahoo.com).

A text-based address used to identify specific resources on the

Internet, such as web pages. URLs are arranged in a hierarchical
form that specifies the name of the server on which a resource is
located (such as www.2wire.com) and the name of the file on that
server (www.2wire.com/index.html).

 Dial-Up Access :

Connecting to another computer or network using a modem over a

regular telephone line.

is a form of Internet access through which the client uses a modem

connected to a computer and a telephone line to obtain Internet
access from the Internet service provider’s (ISP).

 Dedicated Connections :

A speedy and reliable way of connecting to another computer or

network by dedicating a leased telephone line between your network
and ISP’s.

 Shell Accounts :
In shell a/c your computer act as terminal directly connected to some
internet Hosts. Which can view only text based information.
  Domain Name :

The address identifying a specific site on the Internet.

A series of words separated by dots identifying an IP address.

These are the unique names that are assigned to the websites. Any
website can be access by these domain names.

 IP Address :

Each machine connected to the Internet has an address known as an

Internet Protocol address (IP address). The IP address takes the form
of four numbers separated by dots, for example: 123.45.67.89

The standard way of identifying a computer that is connected to the

Internet, much the way a telephone number identifies a telephone on
a telephone network. The IP address is four numbers separated by
periods, and each number is less than 256, for example,
192.200.44.69. ...

 WWW :

The World Wide Web. That portion of the Internet that uses linking
HTML pages.

(World Wide Web) Is a collection of text, pictures, sounds, video clips,

graphics and other information arranged in pages and linked together
via the Internet.
The World Wide Web allows interaction with the Internet through the
use of small images called icons and hypertext links. It is often
referred to as the "graphical side of the Internet," due to its heavy use
of images and other graphics. ...

A client-server software package which uses hypertext to organize,

connect, and present information and services throughout the
Internet. A hypertext-based system for finding and accessing Internet
resources.
  HTML :

The programming language used to create documents for display on

the World Wide Web.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the set of symbols or codes

inserted in a file intended for display on a World Wide Web browser
page. The markup tells the Web browser how to display a Web
page's words and images for the user. Each individual markup
symbol is referred to as an element or tag. ...

The computer language used to create hypertext documents,

allowing connections from one document or Internet page to
numerous others. HTML is the primary language used to create
pages on the World Wide Web.

 E-Mail :

(electronic mail) The exchange of electronic text messages and

computer file attachments between computers over a
communications network, such as a local area network or the
Internet.

A service for sending messages electronically, over a computer

network.

Any communication that requires an electronic device for storage

and/or transmission. E-mail often refers to a package of services
designed to automate office communications.

 NIC :

NIC stands for network interface card. It is piece of computer

hardware designed to allow computers to be connected in a LAN.
It is also known as network adapter or LAN adapter or network card.

IRC
Internet Relay Chat is an application that allows users to participate in text
based communication with multiple users

Gopher
A hierarchical system for finding and retrieving information from Internet or
Intranet

E-commerse
Business conducted over the Internet, usually by websites that provide
product display and online ordering using credit cards as the payment
method.

E-commerse means the exchange of goods, information products, or

services via an electronic medium such as the Internet.

E-Learning
Education offered using electronic delivery methods such as CD-ROMs, video
conferencing, websites and e-mail. Often used in distance-learning
programmes.

Any learning that utilizes a network (LAN, WAN or Internet) for delivery,
interaction, or facilitation. This would include distributed learning, distance
learning (other than pure correspondence ), CBT delivered over a network,
and WBT

E-Governance
-Government is used to refer to the use of information and communication
technology to provide and improve government services, transactions and
interactions with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.

E-Banking
The remote delivery of new and traditional banking products and services
through electronic delivery channels.
Intranet
An intranet is a private network that is contained within an organization that
uses computers.
A private computer network usually within an organisation based
on internet technology designed to meet internal needs for
sharing information within an enterprise.

Extranet
A private computer network that uses Internet protocols and can be
accessed by authorized individuals via the Internet.

An extranet is a private network that uses Internet

protocols, network connectivity, and possibly the public telecommunication
system to securely share part of an organization's information or
operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers or other
businesses

VPN
Virtual Private Network, a network which makes use of the Internet to
connect computers that are in different locations. Communication is
encrypted for security.

Router -
A device widely used on the Internet that directs information to the
appropriate places by using the destination or "to" IP address of the data
packet.

CSS
Cascading Style Sheets are declarations that describe how a document
should be presented on the Web

DIV
Div mean the logical division of the document page.

Web-Portals
A web portal presents information from diverse sources in a unified way.
Apart from the standard search engine feature, web portals offer other
services such as e-mail, news, stock prices, information, and
entertainment.
News Groups
News groups are electronic boards were user can post their comments and can
read and access the information.

 comp.* — Discussion of computer-related topics

 news.* — Discussion of Usenet itself
 sci.* — Discussion of scientific subjects
 rec.* — Discussion of recreational activities (e.g. games and
hobbies)
 soc.* — Socialising and discussion of social issues.
 talk.* — Discussion of contentious issues such as religion
and politics.
 misc.* — Miscellaneous discussion—anything which doesn't
fit in the other hierarchies.

Network Topologies
Ways of configuring or laying out a network. Common topologies are bus,
star, hybrid.

Chat
Chat means an informal conversation which is real-time, synchronous,
text-based communication via computer.

Gopher
Gopher is a distributed document search and retrieval network protocol
designed for the Internet.

Veronica
A search engine for searching Gopher sites using keyword searching.

Access Point (AP) - An access point (AP) for wireless Ethernet is

a device that communicates with wireless Ethernet cards and
wireless-enabled notebook computers to transmit data via radio
signals. The access points used by Nautical Wireless are Wi-Fi-
compliant and operate in the 2.4 Ghz radio band.
Bandwidth - Bandwidth refers to the range of signal frequencies
that can be carried on a communications channel, measured in
Hertz (Hz). The concept of bandwidth is similar to a standard
water pipe; bigger pipes can carry more water. The size of the pipe
corresponds to the amount of bandwidth, meaning that the greater
bandwidth you have (the greater the frequency range), the more
information can be carried at one time. The bandwidth provided by
the Nautical Wireless service is a T-1 line, which has data transfer
rates in the range of 1.5 million bits per second (bps). A T-1 line is
considered high bandwidth.

Broadband - Broadband is a type of Internet connection that

includes leased lines such as T-1 lines, as well as DSL modems,
cable modems, and wireless Ethernet. Broadband technology is an
always-on connection to the Internet that frequently carries vast
amounts of data. Broadband offers speeds at least 10 times faster
than dial-up or cellular (CDPD) connections and doesn't require
any type of dialing to connect.

DNS (Domain Name Service) - This is the method by which a

URL (such as www.Nautical Wireless.net, for example) is
converted to the IP address for the Web page that a person is trying
to view. The computer actually uses the IP address, not the URL.
A DNS server is required for a person to successfully browse the
Web or send email. Nautical Wireless provides a DNS server for
the use of guests connected to the Nautical Wireless service.

Download - To transfer a file, image, etc. to a client computer

from a server.

Downstream - Any data that is moving toward a computer. Data

that is being received by a computer is traveling downstream.

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) - DSL is a common residential

broadband connection. It assumes digital data does not require
change into analog form and back. With a DSL modem, digital
data is transmitted to a computer directly without conversion,
which allows the telecommunications company to use a much
wider bandwidth for transmitting it to their customer, resulting in
higher maximum data transfer rates. Typical maximum data
transfer rates are generally 384 Kbps for downloads and 128 Kbps
for uploads.

Dynamic IP Address - A dynamic IP address is one that is not

manually specified but rather automatically or dynamically
configured by the DHCP server.

Ethernet - Ethernet (IEEE 802.3 and 802.11b) is the most

commonly implemented Local Area Networking (LAN)
technology for corporations. Ethernet can transmit data via radio
frequencies or via a Cat. 5 cable at speeds up to 11Mbps for
wireless and up to 100 Mbps for wired. An Ethernet network is a
combination of computers with Ethernet network cards (wireless or
wired), Cat. 5 cable, Ethernet switches, Access Points, and usually
several servers of some sort. Some older Ethernet systems used
coaxial cable (same as cable TV), and some newer Ethernet
networks use fiber optics.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - FTP is a protocol that allows you

to transfer files between any two computers on the Internet. FTP
allows a user on any computer to get files from or send files to
another computer. Security is handled by requiring the user to
specify a user name and password for the other computer.

Firewall - A firewall is a method of intercepting packets (Internet

information is transmitted in data packets) that pass through an
interface, such as a modem or network card, and matching each
packet with a rule that tells the computer to deny, allow, or log that
packet. A firewall allows greater security from outside intrusion
and can limit the types of connections that are allowable.

Gateway - A gateway on a network is the computer or router that

is the connection point to the Internet. This is the device that
usually has the dedicated line, such as a T-1 line, connected to it. If
a computer has Internet access, it must have a gateway in its
network configuration (unless a proxy server is being used).

HSIA (High-speed Internet access) - High-speed Internet access

is usually defined as fractional T-1 speeds and above, which
corresponds to data transfer rates of about 384 kpbs.

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) - ISDN is a

technology still being developed to cover a range of voice, data,
and image services. It is intended to provide end-to-end
simultaneous handling of digitized voice and data traffic on the
same physical lines. Typical ISDN lines are either single- or dual-
band and have speeds of 64 kbps and 128 kbps respectively.

LAN (Local Area network) - A LAN is a data communications

network that can cover a limited area of up to about six miles in
radius, with moderate to high data speeds. The machines linked by
a LAN may all be in the same building or a group of buildings in
relatively close proximity. A LAN is user-owned and does not run
over leased lines (e.g., a T-1 line), although it might have gateways
(or connection points) to the Internet or other private networks.
The most common example of a LAN is a corporate network, like
many companies and universities have installed to enable easy
transfer of data. Common speeds include 10 Mbps, 100 Mpbs, and
now 1 Gbps (gigabit/sec).

Modem - Named for what it does: modulates/demodulates. A

modem converts digital signals from your computer to analog for
transmission over ordinary phone lines, and vice-versa. This is the
device that is used when a person "dials up" to the Internet. A
modem will not work with the Nautical Wireless service.

POP3 - POP3 is a commonly implemented method of delivering

email from the mail server to the client machine. Other methods
include IMAP and Microsoft Exchange. The POP3 server specified
in a person's email program specifies where to look for email that
is directed to a particular email address. This should never be
changed unless told to by the ISP or company IT department that
provides the email address. If it is changed, a person will be unable
to receive email until the appropriate POP3 address is specified
again. Nautical Wireless will never ask you to change your POP3
(incoming) server.

Port - The exit and entrance point for information going out of and
into a computer or other data communication devices, such as an
Ethernet port or printer port. On the Internet, a port tells a server
which software on the server should respond to a particular request
for data. This is similar to a CB radio, in that a radio set on a
particular channel will only respond to data being transmitted on
that channel; software will work the same way as in this analogy:
Server software will only respond to requests for data on a
particular port (http, for example, the protocol used for Web pages,
uses port 80).

Protocol - A standardized method of transferring or manipulating

data or information.

Proxy Server - A proxy server is a computer used on some

corporate networks. It is used for all World Wide Web traffic, such
as the viewing of Web pages. It can be used for the filtering of
Web sites to prevent people from going to certain types of sites,
but more commonly it is used on networks where there is not a
direct connection to the Internet available for all computers (or
where a direct connection would be too expensive). A proxy server
can be thought of as a device that is similar to a telephone
switchboard for Web pages.

Routing - The process of delivering a message across a network or

networks via the most appropriate path, usually done by a device
called a router.

Server - A computer that is designed to provide or serve

information to client computers, such as IP addresses or Web
pages. A server is similar to a waiter or waitress in a restaurant,
with the end-user being the client. It takes the order from the client
and returns the request item. One computer can be both a client
and a server; in fact, this frequently occurs.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - SMTP delivers email.

This allows a user to send email messages to users on other
computers. This is the most common method of sending email on
the Internet. When a person sends an email using an email
program, the email program connects to the SMTP server and
delivers the email message to it. That SMTP server then passes the
email message on to the appropriate mail server for the recipient
email address of the email.

Static Address - This is a "fixed IP address" that is manually

configured and assigned to a computer. A manual change of the IP
is required; it will not be changed automatically. SeeDHCP for
alternative.

Switch - The shorthand name for an Ethernet switch. This is a

device similar to a hub that enables the connection of multiple
computers, access points, and other network enabled devices.
These devices are an integral part of any Ethernet network.

Upload - To transfer a file, image, etc. to a server via a network.

Upstream - Any data that is moving away from the computer.

Data that is being sent to another machine is traveling upstream.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - The Internet's method of

"addressing" specific Web sites in normal letters and numbers.
Each URL has a corresponding IP address. (For
example,www.Nautical Wireless.net).