Table of Contents

1. Part 1: The Problem and Its Background

1.1. Chapter 1.2: General Overview

1.1.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.1.2. Background of the Study ................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.3. Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1.3.1. Research Questions................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1.4. Project Goals, Objectives and Strategies ........................................................................................................... 6
1.1.5. Significance of the Study .................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1.6. Scope and Limitation ....................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.7. Assumptions ................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1.8. Conceptual Framework .................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1.9. Definition of Terms ........................................................................................................................................ 10
1.1.10. Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................... 13

1.2. Chapter 1.2

1.2.1. Review of Related Literature ......................................................................................................................... 14

1.2.1.1. History Lubao, Pampanga ..................................................................................................................... 15

1.2.1.2. History and Present Condition of the Old Lubao Municipal Hall ................................................................ 15
1.2.1.3. Museum Design and Planning Layout .................................................................................................... 22
1.2.1.4. Concepts of Adaptive Reuse ................................................................................................................ 28
1.2.1.5. Principles of Adaptive Reuse ................................................................................................................ 28
1.2.2. Review of Related Studies
1.2.2.1. Local Related Studies
1.2.2.1.1. Architectural Heritage Museum: An Adaptive Reuse .................................................................... 31
1.2.2.1.2. Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater ........................................................... 33
1.2.2.2. International / Foreign Related Studies
1.2.2.2.1. Improving the Implementation of Adaptive Reuse Strategies for Historic Buildings ....................... 35
1.2.2.3. Related Projects
1.2.2.3.1. Local Related Projects
1.2.2.3.1.1. Adaptive Reuse of Baliuag Town Hall: Baliuag Library and Museum ................................... 37
1.2.2.3.1.2. Adaptive Reuse of Makati Town Hall: Museo ng Makati .................................................... 41
1.2.2.3.1.3. Adaptive Reuse of Angeles Municipal Hall: Museo ning Angeles ........................................ 44
1.2.2.3.2. International Related Projects ........................................................................................................

1.3. Chapter 1.3 5

1.3.1. Research Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 45

1.3.2. Research Design ............................................................................................................................................ 45
1.3.3. Population and Sampling ................................................................................................................................ 46
1.3.4. Research Instruments .................................................................................................................................... 46

1
1 The Problem and Its Background

Chapter 1.1 General Overview

1.1.1 Introduction

As societies advance towards urban development, urban decay has been the common

problem for cultural heritage conservation thus conservation faces a huge threat. Hence, cultural

heritages cannot just be simply set aside but should be well preserved as national treasures (Balco,

2011; Radzuan and Ahmad, 2015).

There are laws concerning these national treasures like the Presidential Decree No. 206

which states that the National Historic Commission (NHC) would be responsible for the protection

and preservation of the historical structures. (Presidential Decree No. 206, 1973) The Presidential

Decree No. 1505, on the other hand, states that the responsibilities of the National Historic

Commission is transferred to the National Historical Institute (NHI) in collaboration with the

Department of Tourism (DOT). The National Historical Institute was vested the right to preserve,

restore and reconstruct several historical sites and landmarks (PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1505,

1978). Republic Act No. 10066, otherwise known as “The National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009”,

is also an act that provide protection and conservation of cultural heritage (Republic Act No. 10066,

2009).

Unfortunately, not all of the historical structures are preserved such as the Jai-alai building

was demolished to make way for what was supposed to be Manila Hall of Justice but it was never

been built. (Villalon 2001). It is acclaimed as one of the best examples of Art Deco design in Asia,

people have praised this structure as one of the most beautiful Jai Alai buildings in the world.

Another destructed heritage treasure is the “Avenue Theatre” in Rizal Avenue (now Avenida), it

was once the venue for vaudeville acts and American movie premieres during the 1930s and 1940s,

unluckily it was demolish last 2006 to accommodate a parking lot. It was built in 1952 and is only

used as a parking lot today. It is a waste of a beautiful building and could be revived by re-

purposing it. As mentioned earlier, the building is still a significant landmark of the past and shows

2
the progress of a certain locality. In that way, the next generations would be able to experience

the rich heritage of our country.

As such, cultural heritage advocates provided varied approach in heritage conservation

without impinging urban development. One common approach features adaptive re-use of

historic buildings. The R.A. 10066 and the Singapore Legislative Council Secretariat (2008)

considers adaptive re-use or the utilization of built structures and sites of value for purposes other

than that for which they were originally intended in order to conserve the site while considering its

engineering integrity and design authenticity. It is where redundant buildings and structures are

transformed into commercial spaces, museum, hotel or anything with present value to

accommodate new uses while incorporating its former value. Rather than destroying built

heritages due to urban decay or demolition, adaptive re-use can be employed. Such

cultural heritage utilization can soon translate to significant economic activities that will sustain the

community’s conservation initiatives, sustaining development in the process as well. Such renewed

economic gains will result to renewed stakeholders’ sense of cultural identity and pride making

them local guardians of their own cultural heritage.

Adaptive reuse of buildings has a major role to play in the sustainable development of

communities globally. (Kerr 2004) When adaptive reuse involves historic buildings, environmental

benefits are more significant, as these buildings offer so much to the landscape, identity and

amenity of the communities they belong to. A study for the NSW Heritage Council that included

four adaptive reuse or redevelopment sites revealed that “the combination of financial incentives

and the commercially oriented nature of the adaptive re-use schemes outweighed any extra

heritage related costs and project risks”. The study also concluded that “these sympathetic adaptive

re-use schemes have created commercially viable investment assets for the owners”

The Old Lubao Municipal Hall was declared Important Cultural Property (ICP) by the

National Museum in 2015, needs to be thoroughly assessed before any modification can be

undertaken, it was among the earliest seats of the Spanish government in the country. According

3
the CLUP of Lubao, Pampanga, the Municipal Hall will be potentially converted into a Library and a

Museum to exhibit art collections, artifacts, pictures, and historical documents significant to the

Municipality, its inhabitants and culture as a Library, it will provide a wholesome leisure time and

information to the residents. Since the Old Municipal Hall building is protected by the National

Heritage Institute, it cannot be destructed or demolished, therefore the old structure will only be

repurposed. The adaptive reuse technique will be applied to the proposed project to revive the

abandoned municipal hall. The proposed museum and library will potentially serve as a reminder

for the present and future generations of Lubeños about the rich cultural heritage of this town.

1.1.2 Background of the Study

The primary focus of this study is to evaluate the different factors that are involved in the

design, performance, efficiency, effectivity and sustainability measures of the different existing

adaptive reuse building used as “museum and library” and what could be further added and

introduced to increase the overall quality of historical buildings and their new purpose or function.

This study shall also give importance on the identifying the different issues and concerns

as experienced in adaptive reused historical structures in the Philippines. Lastly, the study shall

look to encourage people to recognize and appreciate the value of culture and heritage. All the

data and information that shall be gathered in the overall duration of this study shall all be used

as design guidelines in designing an efficient and effective adaptive reuse of the Old Lubao

Municipal Hall as museum and library. The conservation and restoration of this building type,

retaining its heritage value without compromising its continued function as the prime administrative

center of Pampanga, will be the topic of the study.

4
1.1.3 Statement of the Problem

Urban decay has been the common problem for cultural heritage conservation thus

conservation faces a huge threat as societies advance towards urban development. Hence, cultural

heritages cannot just be simply set aside but should be well preserved as national treasures.

The Old Municipal Hall of Pampanga (1937), is now an uninhibited historical structure in

Lubao, Pampanga. It is considered as an outstanding example of Philippine state architecture and

one of the early concrete structures erected during the Commonwealth years. It was originally a

2-storey building with stairs at the sides, eventually acquiring a neo-classic look. A municipal

museum and library is proposed to occupy the present town hall that will serve as a reminder for

the present and future generations of Lubeños about the rich cultural heritage of the town. The

building is also embodied in the official provincial seal and is of historical value, and thus is of great

heritage value to the people of Pampanga as a symbol of their ethnic- and self-identity. The

municipal hall was declared Important Cultural Property (ICP) by the National Museum in 2015,

needs to be thoroughly assessed before any modification can be undertaken.

However, the Old Lubao Municipal Hall has total floor area of only 2,112.32 square meter

thus limiting the opportunities for museum and library spaces.

The study will attempt to answer the main problem and the following questions regarding

Adaptive Reuse of Municipal Hall into a Municipal Museum: “Through Architecture, how would

it effectively repurpose a Municipal Hall into a Municipal Museum?

Research questions:

1. What are the patterns of activities in a Municipal Museum and Library?

2. What are the existing architectural design issues in adaptive reused building?

3. What kinds of strategies are used to optimize the operational and commercial

performance of built assets?

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 a. What are the advancements in technologies that can be applied in a Museum

and Library?

b. What are the adaptive reused techniques that can be applied?

4. What are the significance of Municipal Museum and Library development in Lubao?

a. How would architecture contribute to increase the number of museum and

library visitors?

b. How would architecture contribute to the promotion and preservation culture

through a Museum and Library which may socially, environmentally and

economically help a developing city?

1.1.4 Project Goals and Objectives

The goals and objectives of the study are as follows:

1.) The study aims contribute to the technological advancement in the field adaptive

reuse: (Being a building over 50 years old, the old Lubao Municipal Hall is posing a

great risk and should be taken to consideration when it comes to planning for the

safety and security of the users.)

a) To develop architectural design considerations and design solution that will

address the repurposing of a structure efficiently, effectively and safely

b) To protect, preserve, conserve and promote the Lubenos' cultural heritage, its

property and histories, and the ethnicity of local communities through adaptive

reuse

2.) To develop output of the planning and design that are be considered in the process of

designing should be of help to the best learning experience of the users.

a) To come up with an analysis of space that will assist all the demands of a

Museum and Library to maximize its potential to contribute to the preservation

and promotion of Kapampangan culture

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 a) To come up with proper planning for the circulation to help assist users’

learning experience.

b) To consider the arrangement of the displays and exhibits for the

information to not be random and could be easily digested.

c) To apply use of interactive displays could help the users learn better.

d) To incorporation technologies such as the use of lights and sounds in

presenting the exhibits.

3.) The old Lubao Municipal Hall should be able to keep its architectural integrity to better

exemplify the project’s advocacy

a) Incorporating of new elements in the building’s façade shall blend with the

existing character of the building.

b) Consideration of the used architectural style in the building to recognize the

best elements that could be incorporated in the old building.

1.1.5 Significance of the Study

a. Architectural Significance

The research study will serve as a reference as well as a guide wherein it will

contribute to a detailed analysis, designing, and planning of a functional

municipal museum and library for the locals and tourists. The study focuses more

on its architectural significance, because it includes the spatial analysis and

observation. The study will serve as an initial step in creating innovations for

adaptive reuse museum and library.

b. Cultural and Heritage Significance

The research study aims to provide the preservation, conservation and heritage

of culture and history by educate their tourists about the history, cultural and

7
 natural heritage of a city, region or a country or about a chosen subject of special

interest, while also preserving these elements for future generations.

c. Economic Significance

The research study aims to develop a municipal museum and library that is an

active participant in the local economy by generating investment. The museum

and library will generate vast economic benefits through areas such as jobs,

tourism, inward investment and regeneration.

d. Significance to Locals

The research study aims to promote unity in the society by using their resources

to ensure understanding and appreciation for the various groups and cultures

that exist in that society. The municipal museum and library will use the locals’

collections in promoting a better understanding of the collective heritage of the

people, which will have the effect of fostering the commonality of those things

that unite the nation and its people.

1.1.6 Scope and Limitation

The scope of the study focused towards the adaptive reuse of the Old Lubao

Municipal Hall into a distinctive, effective and functional municipal museum and library.

The general purpose of the study is to discover, enumerate and solve the problems of the

users on the facility services of the museum and library by providing a flexible and

innovative architectural solution. The topics studied and discussed involve circulatory

planning to the architectural design of the Lubao Municipal Museum and Library. All the

gathered data were from the local agencies related to historical and heritage conservation.

Data gathering was also extended to tabloids, internet sources, general books, laws as well

as thesis books.

8
 The research is limited to interviews of professionals who specialize in heritage

preservation, adaptive reuse, and museum and library designers. The data collected

focused on the needs and movements in a museum and library, hence, the data collected

did not include the structural and non architectural details of the old municipal hall; only

the current existing condition of the airport was observed.

1.1.7 Assumptions

The proponent is determined that the result of the study will be successful and all

the data and information that will be gathered will be an effective tool in the adaptive

reuse of the Lubao Municipal Hall into a municipal library that will provide and promote the

preservation and conservation of Kapampangan history, culture and natural heritage while

also preserving these elements for future generations.

The researcher is assuming that through the design of an adaptive reuse municipal

museum and library, it will not just give a solution to growth urban decay due to

abandonment of old structures, but it will also pave the way for more opportunities to

promote the culture and heritage of Lubao, Pampanga.

1.1.8 Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework was the researcher’s guideline for the data and

information gathering in producing a design solution. The researcher enumerated all the

problems and issues concerning the architectural planning of existing adaptive reuse

structures into a museum and library s in the Philippines.

9
 In conducting the project, the following are the several measures and

procedures that will be followed:

10
1.1.9 Definition of Terms

Adaptive Reuse: Refers to the process of reusing an old site or building for a purpose

other than which it was built or designed for

Addition: New construction added to an existing building or structure.

Alteration: Any act or process requiring a building permit or demolition permit, or any act

or process that changes one or more of the historic, cultural, architectural or archaeological

features of an area, property, structure, site or object, including, but not limited to, the

erection, construction, reconstruction or relocation of any property, structure or object, or

any part of a property, structure or object, or land-altering activities.

Certificate of Appropriateness: A certificate issued by the Commission indicating

review and authorization of plans for alteration, construction, demolition or relocation of a

landmark, or property,

Conservation - Measures taken to keep the existing state of a heritage resource from

destruction or change. Actions therefore that prevent decay and prolong life. This includes

maintenance, repair, consolidation, and reinforcement.

Consolidation - The physical addition or application of adhesive or supportive materials

to the actual fabric of the cultural property in order to ensure its continued durability or

structural integrity.

District: An identifiable area with definable boundaries designated as a “Historic District”

and in which a significant number of the properties, structures, sites or objects have a high

degree of historic, cultural, architectural or archaeological significance and integrity.

Historic District (Local): An area designated as a “historic district” by ordinance and

which may contain, within definable geographic boundaries, landmarks and other

11
structures that contribute to the overall historic or architectural characteristics of the

district.

Historic Integrity: The ability of a property to convey its significance; the retention of

sufficient aspects of location, design, setting, workmanship, materials, feeling, or

association for a property to convey its historic significance.

Historic Significance: Determines why, where, and when a property is important.

Historic significance is the importance of a property with regard to history, architecture,

engineering, or the culture of a state, community, or nation. Integrity: Adherence to a high

level of historical, architectural accuracy and relatively unchanged since originally

constructed.

Landmark: A property, structure, site or object designated as a “landmark” that has a

high degree of historic, cultural, architectural or archaeological significance. All such

designations include the lot(s) of record associated with the structure or object designated

as a landmark.

Listing: The formal entry of a property in the National Register of Historic Places; also

referred to as registration of Deeds of Cook County.

Mitigation: The act of lessening a negative impact.

Preservation: The act or process of applying measures necessary to sustain the existing

form, integrity, and materials of an historic property. Preservation can include the limited

and sensitive upgrading of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems and other code-

required work to make properties functional is appropriate within a preservation project.

Primary Façade: The front elevation of a structure, usually facing a street and containing

the main entrance.

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 Reconstruction: The act or process of depicting, by means of new construction, the form,

features, and detailing of a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object for

the purpose of replicating its original appearance.

Refurbish: To renovate, or make clean, fresh, or functional again through a process of

major maintenance or minor repair.

Rehabilitation: The process of making possible a use for a property through repair,

alterations, and additions while preserving those portions or features which convey its

historical, cultural, or architectural values.

Renovate: To repair a structure and make it usable again. Although this word is widely

accepted outside the preservation community, historic preservationists prefer to use the

term “rehabilitate” since it incorporates careful retention of historic architectural, or cultural

features.

Sub-urban zone: are groups are the populated barangays forming around the urban

core.

1.1.10 Acronyms

ICP - Important Cultural Property

NHCP – National Heritage Commission of the Philippines

NCOM – National Committee on Museum

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Chapter 1.2 Review of Related Literature, Studies and Projects

Adaptive reuse is a great example of how individuals can prove to the larger group that

there are creative options for recycling, reusing, and repurposing already existing resources.

Adaptive reuse is both appealing and practical; sometimes even saving money by reducing certain

costs Lastly, the entire adaptive reuse process, from start to finish, protects the environment while

also reducing unnecessary waste. Adaptive reuse is not just a sentimental effort to save buildings,

it is also a critical process to ensure communities don’t use (or waste) more materials than

necessary

Heritage conservation is important for identifying, recording, analyzing and protecting

heritage and cultural resources. Conservation of heritage buildings is an important tool in city

development which can be seen in some cities in the world. It plays an important role to define

the landmark within the heritage area as well as to generate economic return and to support the

tourism industry. Conservation of heritage buildings is very important because it provides a sense

of identity and continuity in a fast changing world for future generations.

Museum and Library play a crucial role in preserving local culture. With careful

documentation and artifact preservation, a culture can be recorded and remembered regardless of

its future. It can also be shared and understood by those from different cultural backgrounds.

Whatever shape they take, these things form part of a heritage, and this heritage requires

active effort on our part in order to safeguard it. They may be significant due to their present or

possible economic value, but also because they create a certain emotion within locals or tourists,

or because they make the society feel as though they belong to something - a country, a tradition,

a way of life.

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1.2.1 Related Literature

➢ History of Lubao, Pampanga

History. Lubao is a first class municipality in the province of Pampanga, Philippines.

According to the May 2010 census, it has a population of 150,843 people. It is bounded by the

municipalities of Guagua on the north, Sasmuan on the east, Floridablanca on the west and

Orani, Bataan on the south. Located at the southwestern part of Pampanga, it is noted for rice,

sugar cane, fish, and sampaguita. Source: (http://www.lubao.gov.ph/about-us/municipal-

profile/)

The name Lubao was derived from the indigenous word “lubo” which means low.

“Lubo” is characteristically muddy and flooded; later, the term evolved into “lubao,” which is

the town’s present name. The Austronesian word is associated with the low or depressed

elevation of the town. Hence, Lubao is synonymous to its ancient name Baba.

Brimming with history and cultural heritage, Lubao is not only the oldest of all

Kapampangan towns but is aptly called the Cradle of the Kapampangan Civilization (Duyan

Ning Kamalayang Kapampangan). As the portal of a great civilization during its time, Lubao is

colored with rich historical landscapes and cultural vestiges. Significant part of the Heritage

and Historical Center is the St. Augustine Church and the Diosdado Macapagal Hut. There

must be a way to interconnect landmarks on this area for the development of this Heritage

and Historical Center which will not only provide interest for this generation but becomes a

legacy to the future generation of Lubao.

➢ History and Current Condition of the Old Lubao Municipal Hall

The Lubao Municipal Hall, ca. 1937 is one of the early concrete structures erected

during the Commonwealth years. It was originally a 2-storey building with stairs at the sides,

eventually acquiring a neo-classic look. Much of its original features are intact.

15
 The Old Lubao Municipal Hall is located at Barangay Sta. Catalina which is in the Sub-

urban Zone. It is are gradually becoming urbanized where its economy is a mixture of

agriculture trading, industries, and general services. It also located at the southern part of

Lubao which has slopes that range from 0 to 3 meters elevation, therefore, one of the easily

flooded barangays.

According the CLUP of Lubao, Pampanga, the Municipal Hall will be potentially

converted into a Library and a Museum to exhibit art collections, artifacts, pictures, and

historical documents significant to the Municipality, its inhabitants and culture as a Library, it

will provide a wholesome leisure time and information to the residents. Since the Old Municipal

Hall building is protected by the National Heritage Institute, it cannot be destructed nor

demolished, therefore the old structure will only be repurposed. The proposed museum will

serve as a reminder for the present and future generations of Lubeños about the rich cultural

heritage of this town. The old town hall acquires a neo-classic look.

Actual photos of the Old Lubao Municipal Hall:

16
17
➢ Preset Condition of the Old Lubao Municipal Hall

• Floor area and Spaces

The floor are quite limited, therefore it would be a great challenge

for the designer to maximize each space’s new purpose and circulation.

Here are the current spaces in the town hall:

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• Architectural Style

The old Lubao Town Hall is in neo-classic look. It is neo-classicism is an

architectural style which tended to reuse Classical parts, the neoclassical

19
movement began in the Philippines during the mid-18th century (Chula 2012),

characterized by grandeur of scale, simplicity of geometric forms.

• The Facade

Neo Classical Architecture in the building tends to emphasize its planar

qualities, rather than sculptural volumes. Projections and recessions and their

effects of light and shade are more flat; sculptural bas-reliefs are flatter and

tend to be enframed in friezes, tablets or panels. It possesses dramatic use of

columns, and a preference for blank walls as seen in the façade of the town

hall.

Figure 1 Lubao Municipal Hall Facade

• Extension

In the year 2011, the town hall had its extension due to demand of more

spaces to accommodate all the services of the local government unit. As the

researcher observed, the extension lacks identity and character. The extension

20
building is painted in plain beige with no adaptation of neo-classical style from

it’s building of origin.

Figure Old Lubao Municipal Extension

• Interior

The interior is in also the neoclassical style are generally in mild white

and cream color; and gold and silver were used mainly as patches of color to

highlight the overall style. Slightly damaged wood accents were also observed

in cornices, stairs and ceilings. On the ground floor, the floor was generally

polished with marble tiles while wood panels floorings were used on the

second floor. The ceilings were subjected to replacement due to cracking that

may further create damages to the structure, the ceiling the damages also

contribute to degradation of aesthetic quality. Many of the stonework and

wooden parts of the interior are already badly weathered and cracked,

• Utilities

The electrical and plumbing system is also in bad need for

rehabilitation. Some electrical wires, air condition hose, and switches are

exposed to the visitors.

21
➢ Museum Design and Planning Layout

Museums and galleries are often housed on historic buildings and are, as such,

major exhibits in their own right. Birmingham’s Gas Hall Gallery (1993) by Stanton

Williams, for example, was originally an Edwardian municipal hall.

• Museum Circulatory Diagram

Circulation space identifies area of a building that is used for pedestrian

travel, such as a hallway, stair way, and areas in a room that leads to another

room. Develop exhibitions with these visitor circulation patterns in mind. Design

so that visitors do not have to take extra steps.

▪ Designing circulation spaces should be:

a) Widen corridors beyond the

typical 8-9 feet currently in use. Also

able to easily handle two-way

traffic.

b) Break up corridor lengths to

reduce travel time and also

discourage kids from running

through the halls.

c) Keep corridors a consistent width. Corridors that expand and contract create

bottlenecks. Consider rounding or angling corners so there is a sight line to

the intersecting corridor.

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 d) Blind corners can be a hazard. People who walk at a fast pace or turn corners

quickly do not see the traffic in the intersecting hallway. This can lead to

congestion, bumping, collisions, and altercations.

• Services Layout

In the operation of collection services, not every operation necessarily requires a separate

space, some services may be provided by outside agencies. As far as possible, collection

movement and public circulation should be kept separate.

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• Site Zoning

Zoning the areas is a can be arranged as follows,

1. Public Collection Areas: Zone with environmental controls and security

designed for the preservation of collections.

2. Non Public Areas: Zone which is meant for the staff alone with environment

controls and security.

3. Public Non-collection Areas: Zone in which the finish and durability and

environment created for human comforts.

4. Non Public-Collection Areas: Zone in which the finish and durability and

environment created for the staffs alone.

• Museum Layout Concepts

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According to Kali Tzortzi, a principle intrinsic to museum design and instrumental for

the accommodation of visitors’ movement as well as the arrangement of objects. The

approximations of the two theoretical extremes:

o Grid pattern extreme: which is impossible to visit in an orderly

sequence, but minimizes the control that the layout places on the

visitor and consequently, maximizes the randomness in the pattern

of movement and exploration; in our sample, the grid is exemplified

by the Sainsbury Wing.

o The other polar case is the single sequence: which imposes strong

rules in the pattern of movement, and powerfully controls the

pattern of exploration since visitors have to go through the same

sequence of spaces in the same order with no option of changing the

course. It is best illustrated by the layout of Castelvecchio, which

forms in effect a single ring of spaces.

25
o The grid and the sequence: articulate the variety of layouts

exemplified in the sample. Pompidou, Tate Britain are in effect

sub-types of the same type: there is a main sequence with sub-

sequences, which constitute discrete experiences, but are

dependent on the main axis, since one is forced to return -once

or regularly- to the same space.

26
o Choice of Route: The spatial structure allows alternative

route choices from one part of the layout to another (that is,

at the global level), which, consequently, generate a

probabilistic distribution of people. By contrast, in the latter

case, choice is offered at a localized level but this becomes

essentially merged in the global well defined route as applied

the in Museum of Tate Britain, Kroller-Muller and Louisana.

27
 ➢ Concepts of Adaptive Reuse

o Concept of genius loci, or ‘spirit of place’ - this concept is key for reading and

adapting existing tangible and intangible traces of the pasting a qualitative way.

o Coetic concepts - in relation to the built heritage and its reuse and

transformation – continuity, tradition, empathy, memory, and complexity – and

present future perspective on adaptive reuse in research, education, and practice.

o Pedagogic quality - cases in the sense that we searched for cases with an

explicit concept, narrative, or methodology that could be inspirational for other

projects concept of transformation and new programme for the building;

o Theoretical concepts - The cases underlie and support the reflections presented

in the first part of this theoretical concepts related to the case are indexed above

each case, using the following key words: imitatio, aemulatio, façadism, ruination,

urban regeneration, new housing typology, urban park, vernacular adaptation,

gentrification, and contradiction

➢ Principles of Adaptive Reuse

There are some principles that have become a foundation for how revitalization

and conservation should be implemented and extended within Lubao, Pampanga for the

adaptive reuse of its old municipal hall into a museum, as follows:

1. Identity of the City and Sense of Place

Many historical old buildings had been defined as providing a link between

the past and the present, from one generation to another and from time to

another. Furthermore, those historical old buildings have potential to become

a significant part of the identity of a city.

2. Historical Value

Historical old buildings could become a witness to the particular history of

the city, especially given the links to Philippine and Spaniards during

28
 colonization. By preserving those historical old buildings within a town,

it means that respect is given to their history.

3. Architectural Value

Preservation of historical old buildings can be defined as a form of

protection of the architectural value within the buildings. It can show that

in olden times, architects from the period could design a masterpiece, and

those masterpieces can remain up to current times.

4. Education Value

The designation of conservation area to a historical site can be explored

by all parties with different educational backgrounds; the area can become

a real-life library for all academics and can be explored by students,

architects, archaeologists, anthropologists and planners as well as the

general public.

5. Inspiration Source

The existence of Lubao Municipal Hall as a conservation area can

become a source of inspiration for all related parties and it can show a link

between the past and present time.

6. Quality enhancement

The process of revitalization and conservation of historical areas can enhance the

quality of environment, the quality of physical buildings and/or the quality of the

social economy specially of the community of Lubao.

As one of the above concepts, adaptive reuse has been regarded as a perfect

solution for the abandoned historical old buildings. The establishment of a new function

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 for historical old buildings should be integrated with many aspects including economic,

social and cultural factors. Economically, the application of adaptive reuse can give a big

contribution for enhancing the value of old buildings. The cost of the maintenance of old

buildings should be funded by a new function application, either from building rental or

from redistribution. With respect to tourism and social and cultural factors, this stategy

can encourage all the community to have respect for the historical area and its

historical building and has the potential to attract local and international tourists by

maintaining the historical area as an integral part of the identity of the city.

➢ Museum Master Planning

According to Mark Walhimer, as master planner of museum, Museum Master Planning is

the creation of documents to describe a new museum’s vision, the visitor experience and an

organizational plan for the new institution.

• Museum Master Planning includes:

1. A review of institutional 7. Thematic treatments

assets and collections 8. Preliminary exhibition

2. A review of local layout

attractions and 9. Style Boards

museums 10. Exhibition Renderings

3. Educational objectives 11. Preliminary staffing plan

of the new institution 12. Preliminary project

4. Experience objectives of schedule

the new institution 13. Preliminary project

5. Exhibition story line 14. budget

6. Visitor flow diagrams

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1.2.2 Related Studies

1.2.2.1 Related Local Studies

➢ “Architectural Heritage Museum: An Adaptive Reuse”

by Architect Prisca Eunice Velayo Nicolas

According to her study of Lack of knowledge regarding the importance of our

heritage and culture might be one of the reasons why there are dying traditions and

neglected heritage in our country. Institutions like museums that would promote the said

culture and heritage can be a great help and answer to this rising problem. The proposed

Architectural Museum will be able to help the community be aware of the importance of

the Architectural Heritage of our country. With suitable planning strategies, the visitors

would be able to process the information properly and will result to better learning

experience. And with proper exhibition, the visitors will also be able to absorb the facts

better and they would not be overwhelmed with random displays. Adaptively reusing the

abandoned GSIS building can also help the advocacy of the project to save heritage

buildings of our country.

The researcher conducted comparative analysis from local and foreign adaptive

reuse historical structures that were converted into a museum. Here are the findings of

her study.

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 Architect Nicolas recommended that the use of paint could be used in the

project but in a different way. The paint could be used in depicting exhibits that

cannot be shown physically. This would be an economical way to represent the

history of architecture in the Philippines especially those buildings that are

significant but no longer exist. The use of lighting shall also be considered in

designing the proposed project. With the help of the lighting, the mood in a room

could be altered and could help in preparing the psychological thinking of the users

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 when it comes to viewing the exhibits. Also, the use of recycled materials shall

also be one of the implications of the proposal. Maintaining the elements of the

building shall also help in the promotion of the awareness of the architectural

heritage. Keeping a room that would show the interior of the Post office itself

would also be considered. Development of a place for interaction could also mean

sharing of thoughts about the museum which is another way for learning.

➢ Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National

Commission For Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building

by: Jonah Neill Bryan D. De Guzman

“Re-using existing buildings for new functions has many sustainable, cultural,

economic and place making advantages. The concept of adaptive re-use is simple – to

re-use a building or structure for the purpose of giving it new life through a new

function. The advantages of adaptive re-use can be linked to a memory and cultural

value rather than built heritage. These buildings have typically helped to form the

identity of a place – often acting as a landmark or a way to describe, or to know that

place.”

From the study about the approach for adaptive reuse by the researcher, he

recommends to study the following for historical structurer usage:

1. Contamination. To tell if that the structure would have a problem with

occupancy since it has an issue regarding its well-being of the next users,

or getting rid of the destroyed facilities.

2. Architectural and Structural. To dictate if the structural presence already

has architectural needs like openings, finishes, and design. And columns

and beams for structural durability.

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 3. Utility Systems. To address electric, plumbing and drainage system of the

previous structure that are can be reuse or will cost less for the new

development

4. Site and Environment. To prove if the surrounding of the structure can

give more options for new development due to its abandoned state.

5. Laws. To help solidify the plans of the researcher if the structure can and

when developed have restrictions in building code, or if the structure when

converted or redeveloped complies with the new use.

6. Zoning. To tell if the zoning can be an advantage or will limit the choice

of development.

7. Site Analysis. To have a concrete basis on how these facilities are feasible

in terms of accessibility and how new development will likely to affect the

surrounding community of the unused structure.

Jonah Neill Bryan D. De Guzman (2014) also says that;

“Successful adaptive re-use projects have intelligently sought, often through very careful study of

the existing fabric, an approach that makes the most of the existing building. This approach can directly

feed into a design methodology but can also inform how spaces are used. The use of original drawings,

and then those made for subsequent alterations and additions should be obtained in detail and to the fullest

extent possible (including primary sources). These documents are essential in understanding the existing

condition, and these along with multiple site visits and extensive new photographic records will assist in

forming a comprehensive three-dimensional understanding of what the current condition actually is.

Buildings often reveal themselves during modifications and new works, and limiting the amount of surprise

in the latent conditions will increase the design understanding of the project and reduce cost risk during

construction.”

Therefore, understanding and then harnessing the latent quality of an existing structure, space or

building is at the core of successful adaptive re-use projects.

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1.2.2.1 Related International Studies

➢ Improving the Implementation of Adaptive Reuse Strategies for Historic

Buildings

By: Sheila CONEJOS, Dr. Craig LANGSTON and Dr. Jim SMITH

An array of design principles, strategies, approaches and solutions have evolved

from proven design solutions that have been in existence for decades. However, there is

still a lack of consensus as to what design criteria would best maximize the adaptive reuse

potential of existing and future buildings. According to Kincaid, important change in the

use of buildings and infrastructure arises because of the development of certain

technologies, thus it is important to know how to meet these new needs in existing

buildings and how new buildings are designed to allow sustainable adaptability to occur in

the future. This is supported by Fournier and Zimnicki in their formulated specific

guidelines to provide information and guidance for adaptive reuse of buildings consistent

with the goals of historic preservation and sustainable design. The guidelines integrate

concepts of sustainability into the adaptive reuse of historical buildings in a way

that will enhance the built environment while preserving the nation’s cultural

endowment.

For Zushi, successful adaptive reuse projects require not only good design for the

building, but also careful planning that considers its surrounding environment. As for

Fournier and Zimnicki , sustainable design principles that encourage maximum reuse of

the existing building components, restoration of passive aspects of the original design and

preservation of the micro climate created by historic plantings and site usage should also

be included in the adaptive reuse of historic buildings. Snyder also examines the potential

of adaptive reuse projects in sustainable design and integrates “green design”

into structures that were previously at odds with natural processes. He also pointed out

that adaptive reuse and sustainable design have a significant role in the future of

35
architecture. According to Langston, green adaptive reuse extends the lifespan of the

building and reduces its carbon footprint while preserving its cultural heritage values.

From the researchers’ study, they have concluded that the set of design criteria

reflect the obsolescence categories: Physical (Long Life); Economic (Location);

Functional (Loose Fit); Technological (Low Energy); Social (Sense of Place); Legal

(Quality Standard) and Political (Context). An example of this framework is shown:

36
1.2.3 Related Projects (at least 2 local and 2 foreign

1.2.3.2 Local Case Studies:

1.2.3.1 The Restoration of the Gonzalez House (The Old Baliwag

Municipal Building & Museum)

At present, it is being used as the Municipal Library and Museum at the

second floor while the Tourism Office is located at the ground floor area.

a) Project Background:

The Gonzalez House, a historical manorial structure built at the late 19th

century found in Calle Rizal, Poblacion, Baliuag, and also known as the Lumang

Municipio, is in urgent need for restoration due to its deteriorated physical and

structural state in the present.

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 As one of the priority projects of the Honorable Mayor of Baliwag, Ferdie

Estrella, the restoration of the Gonzalez House and the re-establishment of the

Pambayang Museo ng Baliwag is a major challenge to fulfill during his incumbency.

As he believes in the importance of history and culture in the development of the

town. He plans to continuously promote history and culture and proactively

preserve the heritage and traditions of Baliwag

b.) Brief History of the Municipal Hall

The “Lumang Municipyo”, as it is commonly known by Baliwagenyos, was

previously owned by the Gonzalez family in the late 19th century. Finished in the

late 19th century, the House was built in the Beaux-Arts style that was fashionable

among the upper class during the so-called Gilded Age of America. I t combines a

predominantly Neoclassical design with Neo-Romanesque, Neo-Mudejar, and

NeoRococo motifs. Its large flat roof overhang and copious calado design motifs

on the exteriors also incorporates Spanish Colonial architectural themes.

c.) Condition of the Building

The Gonzalez House accommodates four local government institutions:

the Baliuag Municipal Museum, the Baliuag Public Library, and the Baliuag Tourism

Office. The building also has spaces for a public toilet, a gift shop, and a public

music studio for Baliuag’s many brass bands to be able to practice. The building

has also undergone a previous “restoration” attempt in 1993, wherein its old GI

roof was replaced with newer imitation tile G.I. sheets, and outdoor staircase

rebuilt using concrete and Vigan tile finish instead of the original wood. Many of

the stonework and wooden parts of the exterior are already badly weathered and

cracked, and pieces of the façade will soon collapse if no preventive restoration is

undertaken. the window panels are especially in need of rehabilitation, as many

glass panes have since fallen, and the grooves worn out that may cause entire

38
panels to fall into the rooms or out into the street. The electrical and plumbing

system is also in bad need for rehabilitation. The organization of the various

government offices do not present a wholesome and pleasing view to the visitor,

while the water-less comfort room is cause for bad odours to permeate throughout

the ground floor, especially in the public music studio which is just next door to it.

In the 20 years since its last renovation, the Gonzalez House is thus in a bad state

of preservation, and must be rehabilitated and restored in order to give importance

to the preeminent symbol of Baliuag’s history and culture, and its center of

knowledge and art for both local audiences and international visitors.

d.) Process of Restoration

The rehabilitation and restoration of the Gonzalez House has been undertaken in

the following manner:

Documentation and Condition Report

39
 Inventory of Parts

Making of As-Built Plan

Identify areas for restoration

Check structural integrity and prepare the building for future usage and

natural calamities

e.) Structural Component

- Stabilization of floor and ceiling framing system - Restoration of Roofing and

downspouts to the orginal Beaux-Arts styling - Repair and Re-enforcement Roof

Trusses

- Repair and Stabilization of Posts and Columns

- Conversion of interior ceiling works to cement boards

- Conversion of eaves ceiling to T&G

- Carpentry Restoration of original calado panels, finials, and other wood works -

Repair and Replacement of Flooring

- Ground Level Lime plastering (palitada) to protect adobe masonry from

deterioration

- Repair and Replacement of Door and Window panels

- Fabrication and Reinstallation of Iron Grilled works based on the original design

- Repainting of walls and ceilings based on original early late 19th Century colors

and designs

- Construction of the Inner Staircase with PWD provision

40
 - Reconstruction of the outside stairs using flamed granite for steps, and posted

roof

-Renovation and updating of Comfort Room according to Department of Tourism

Guidelines

- Redesigning and Execution of Interiors for the Museum and Tourism offices

- Building Plumbing

- Re-wiring and redesigning of electrical and general lighting

- Installation of Air-conditioning provisions and ventilation system

- Installation of Fire Safety System

- Pest Controls

- Park and Grounds Development

- Post lamp restoration - Posts , gates and grills restoration

- Ground paving and drainages

- Signage and directional instructions

- Installation of bollards and chain stanchion.

1.2.3.2 Museo ng Makati

Originally built in 1918, the current structure was established in 1934 and was

originally the first Town Hall of Makati until 1961. After almost 100 years, the building is

set for renovation to restore the beauty of its architecture, preserving the past, and

building an exciting future for the arts in Poblacion.

41
 Down by the river, the Museo Ng Makati is a classic old Manila house from the

1800s (look for the capiz-shell windows). Inside are some great photos of old Makati and

murals of past mayors, among other exhibits.

Museo ng Makati showcases a number of well preserved artifacts, treasures, and

relics that speak of Makati city’s historical and cultural heritage. It also has three unique

features. First, it is the only museum in metro Manila whose relics and artifacts were

especially carved to depict the city’s interesting history. Many people would be surprised

to know that this prime city in metro Manila used to be a vast, swampy wasteland. The

Spaniards thought it was worthless, although the friars did build two churches here: the

Church of Sts. Peter and Paul in Makati and the Nuestra Señora de Gracia in Guadalupe.

Then the Americans came and built Fort McKinley and San Pedro de Makati, which would

42
in a few decades be simply called “Makati”. In the 1950’s, the city began to take form and

beginning in 1970, it was acknowledged as the country’s center of trade and finance.

One of the museum's special features is the "living" exhibit of the different regions

of the country, showcasing the unique attributes of each region. There are cultural

presentations, and art & crafts demonstrations during special events.

The Museo ng Makati on J. P. Rizal Street in Poblacion is the repository of Makati’s

heritage and culture. The museo building itself offers a slice of Makati's history.

Constructed in 1918, the building served as the town hall of Makati from 1918 until 1961.

The history of Makati is shown in a collection of rare photographs, dioramas, and murals.

In March 1990, Ordinance No. 1896 was enacted by the Municipal Council under

the administration of Mayor Jejomar C. Binay for the restoration of the old Town Hall for

its conversion into a museum called the Museo ng Makati.

A year after, the restoration of the building started. In April 23, 1992, the fully

restored building turned into a museum had its blessing, with the ceremony presided by

Mayor Jejomar C. Binay. In June 1993, the Tourism and Cultural Affairs Division, now the

City Museum and Cultural Affairs Office, moved in to manage the Museo's operations.

Museum Interior Actual Photos:

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44
Chapter 1.3

1.3.1 Research Methodology

This study is an inquiry about adaptive reuse museum and how we can maximize the country’s

spare potentials and develop our own distinctive character that can be presented to the National

Heritage Commission of the Philippines. The researcher has formulated a framework that would

serve as guide into which her research methods will be directed.

1.3.2 Research Design

• Projects and Case Studies

Interpreting and correlating the related research studies about adaptive reuse

would be the sources of knowledge for this research. The data will be gathered,

interpreted and correlated. The researcher will conduct case studies of different adaptive

reuse museum establishments to find out the effectiveness of existing facilities, applied

design elements, related factors of success in global marketing by other countries and

the spaces and services needed for the project. Collecting data in studying these

concepts will give a better understanding to the researcher about what is essential for

the success of a municipal museum. The multiple aspects in the reviewed studies give us

a better approach in solving the problem, in this case, developing a distinctive market

niche and maximizing our unused potentials. The projects and case studies reviewed will

be summarized and analyzed tore cord key points.

• Focused Interview

The interview will involve the officials of private sectors such as the National

Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) and Department of Tourism (DOT).

Architects with specialized training in the field of historic conservation will also be

interviewed. This is to find out the answers to some general questions that would serve

as basis for the study. The interview will then be transcribed and summarized to outline

45
 the general data needed for the study and the considerations needed for the a municipal

museum.

• Archival Study

An archival study will be conducted for data collection regarding the historical

background and benefits of Municipal Museum. The data gathered in this section would

contribute to general data needed for the study and the considerations by museum

tourists. The archival study will discuss the pros and cons of cultural and heritage

preservation through an adaptive reuse of municipal museum. This will also yield to

categorizing heritage conservation procedures performed in the country that can be our

advantage over neighboring rivals and clusters that will help in the promotion of the

cultural and heritage preservation in the Philippines, specifically in Pampanga.

1.3.3 Population and Sampling

1.3.4 Research Instruments

The research instruments that were used in the study was in a form of a survey, books in

the library and scholarly articles in the internet. The researcher also conducted a case study in

the Baliwag Museum and Library and Museo ng Makati.s

46
References
Chula, Kurnit. Neo-Classical Arhcitecture in the Philippines. January 12, 2012.
https://www.wordpress.com/2012/01/23/neo-classical-architecture-in-the-philippines/.

Cleempoel, Koenraad Van. Adaptive Reuse of the Built Heritage. Vanderbilt Avenue, New York:
Routledge, 2019.

Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D. De. "Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater
for the National Commission For Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building." December
2014: 85.

http://www.lubao.gov.ph/about-us/municipal-profile/. n.d. http://www.lubao.gov.ph/about-

us/municipal-profile/.

Jakarta, Universitas Muhammadiyah. "An Implementation Strategy of the Adaptive Reuse Concept for
Historical Old Buildings." 2015.

Kerr, Warren. "Adaptive Reuse, Preserving our past, building our future." 2004: 4-5.

Langston, Dr. Craig. IMPROVING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTIVE REUSE STRATEGIES FOR HISTORIC
BUILDINGS. Gold Coast, Australia, June 2011.

Nicolas, Prisca Eunice Velayo. "Architectural Heritage Museum: An Adaptive Reuse”." 2016: 32.

Tzortzi, Kali. MUSEUM BUILDING DESIGN ANDEXHIBITION LAYOUT: patterns of interaction. Athens,
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