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MINI PROJECT
INDUSTRIAL KIDILAMS
A STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING THE SELECTION OF
Submitted by
INDUSTRIAL KIDILAMS
Shibin K T (M100455ME)
Shajid P P (M100465ME)
2. Company Profile
2.1. AirCel
2.2. AirTel
2.3. BSNL
2.4. Idea
2.5. Reliance Communications
2.6. TATA Docomo
2.7. Uninor
2.8. Vodafone
3. Literature Review
4. Research Methodology
6. Collected Data
7. Data Analysis
7.1. Cross-Tabulation
7.1.1. Monthly Income and Monthly Expense for Mobile
7.1.2. Frequency of changing the SIM and Monthly Income
7.4. ANOVA
7.4.1. Monthly Expenditure and Monthly Income
8. Summary
9. Conclusion
Reference
Appendix
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1 Many companies are aiming for high satisfaction because customers who are
just
satisfied still find it easy to switch when a better offer comes along. High
satisfaction or
delight creates an emotional affinity with brand.
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customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the
organization and its stakeholders".
6 The two major factors of marketing are the recruitment of new customers
(acquisition)
and the retention and expansion of relationships with existing customers
(base
management). Marketing methods are informed by many of the social,
particularly
psychology, sociology, and economics. Anthropology is also a small, but
growing,
influence. Market research underpins these activities. Through advertising,
it is also
related to many of the creative arts.
7 For a marketing plan to be successful, the mix of the four "Ps"1 i.e.
product, price, place,
promotion must reflect the wants and desires of the consumers in the target
market.
Trying to convince a market segment to buy something they don't want is
extremely
expensive and seldom successful. Marketers depend on marketing research,
both
formal and informal, to determine what consumers want and what they are
willing to pay
for. Marketers hope that this process will give them a sustainable
competitive
advantage. Marketing management is the practical application of this
process. The offer
is also an important addition to the 4P's theory.
people think marketing is just selling whatever comes out of the manufacturing
plant. It's the
job of marketing to decide WHAT comes out of the manufacturing plant in the first
place.
Before a business can make money there must be opportunities for money to be made
and
it's marketing's job to define what those opportunities are. Marketers analyze
markets,
market gaps, trends, products, competition, and distribution channels to come up
with
opportunities to make money.
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4) Sales: The ultimate goal of marketing is to make money for a business. In most
company’s sales is a different discipline and department from marketing. But in
order for
salespeople to have any long term success in a company they must be led by
marketing.
The better job a company does of identifying opportunities, creating a differential
sustainable
competitive advantage, and generating demand for their products the easier it will
be for
salespeople to make sales.
3) Lost Customer Analysis: Companies should contact customers who have stopped
buying or who have switched to another supplier to learn why this happened.
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entire system of marketing revolves. The study of buyer behavior is one of the most
important keys to successful mark.
The Indian Telecommunications network with 110.01 million connections is the fifth
largest in
the world and the second largest among the emerging economies of Asia. Today, it is
the
fastest growing market in the world and represents unique opportunities for U.S.
companies
in the stagnant global scenario. The total subscriber base, which has grown by 40%
in 2005,
is expected to reach 250 million in 2007. According to Broadband Policy 2004,
Government
of India aims at 9 million broadband connections and 18 million internet
connections by
2007. The wireless subscriber base has jumped from 33.69 million in 2004 to 62.57
million in
FY2004- 2005. In the last 3 years, two out of every three new telephone subscribers
were
wireless subscribers. Consequently, wireless now accounts for 54.6% of the total
telephone
subscriber base, as compared to only 40% in 2003. Wireless subscriber growth is
expected
to bypass 2.5 million new subscribers per month by 2007. The wireless technologies
currently in use are Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code
Division
Multiple Access (CDMA). There are primarily 9 GSM and 5 CDMA operators providing
mobile services in 19 telecom circles and 4 metro cities, covering 2000 towns
across the
country.
The total number of telephones in the country crossed the 300 million mark on June
18
2008The overall tele-density has increased to 36.98% in March 2009 .In the wireless
segment, 15.87 million subscribers have been added in March 2009. The total
wireless
subscribers (GSM, CDMA & WLL (F)) base is more than 391.76 million now. The wire
line
segment subscriber base stood at 38.22 million with a decline of 0.13 million in
October
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2008.
The fixed line and mobile segments serve the basic needs of local calls, long
distance calls
and the international calls, with the provision of broadband services in the fixed
line segment
and GPRS in the mobile arena. Traditional telephones have been replaced by the
codeless
and the wireless instruments. Mobile phone providers have also come up with GPRS-
enabled multimedia messaging, Internet surfing, and mobile-commerce. The much-
awaited
3G mobile technology is soon going to enter the Indian telecom market. The GSM,
CDMA,
WLL service providers are all upgrading them to provide 3G mobile services. Along
with
improvement in telecom services, there is also an improvement in manufacturing. In
the
beginning, there were only the Siemens handsets in India but now a whole series of
new
handsets, such as Nokia's latest N-series, Sony Ericsson's W-series, Motorola's PDA
phones, etc. have come up.
Touch screen and advanced technological handsets are gaining popularity. Radio
services
have also been incorporated in the mobile handsets, along with other applications
like high
storage memory, multimedia applications, multimedia games, MP3 Players, video
generators, Camera's, etc. The value added services provided by the mobile service
operators contribute more than 10% of the total revenue.
Merger synergies: Given the substantial amount of excess capital available in the
sector
and in private equity we expect to see additional merger and acquisition activity,
albeit at a
slower pace than recently witnessed. Global telecom M&A deals over the past two
years
have reflected market expansion but have also had a positive effect on the buyers’
balance
sheets. Partnering companies have begun realizing their synergies through cost
reductions
and economies of scale. In the US, the largest three companies now account for over
70%
of the sector market cap; this compares to 34% in 1990. Trends in bundled services
are also
paving the way for additional M&A activity. Sector consolidation will further
increase the
importance of stock selection.
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Growth: While cost-cutting has been a major source of earnings growth, we have seen
top-
line pressures decreasing which will help revenues become a larger driver of
earnings
growth again. We see growth within the sector coming from a number of areas
including:
broadband, 3G (third generation) technology, expansion in emerging markets.
Broadband
penetration has been accelerating as internet customers are seeking faster
downloads for
audio and video files. 3G services, which facilitate the simultaneous transfer of
both voice
and non-voice (i.e. video, downloads, SMS, etc.) data are providing mobile users
with a
much more robust communication platform and should finally begin to realize their
growth
potential in 2007. Emerging market companies benefit from low penetration rates and
also
tend to have lower leverage, higher margins and higher growth than most developed
markets telecom companies.
It was Started in 1851 ,when the first operational land lines were laid by the
government near
Calcutta (seat of British power). Telephone services were introduced in India in
1881. In
1883 telephone services were emerged with the postal system. Indian Radio Telegraph
Company (IRT) was formed in 1923. After independence in 1947, all the foreign
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In 1997, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was created. TRAI was formed
to act
as a regulator to facilitate the growth of the telecom sector.. Telecommunication
sector in
India can be divided into two segments: Fixed Service Provider (FSPs), and Cellular
Services. Fixed line services consist of basic services, national or domestic long
distance
and international long distance services. The state operators (BSNL and MTNL),
account for
almost 90 per cent of revenues from basic services. Private sector services are
presently
available in selective urban areas, and collectively account .Global System for
Mobile
Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). The GSM sector is
dominated by Airtel, Vodfone-Essar, and Idea Cellular, while the CDMA sector is
dominated
by Reliance and Tata Indicom. Opening up of international and domestic long
distance
telephony services are the major growth drivers for cellular industry. Cellular he
tariffs on
airtime, which along with rental was the main source of revenue. The reduction in
tariffs for
airtime, national long distance, international long distance, and handset prices
has driven
demand.
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1) Mobile Number Portability (MNP): TRAI announced the rules and regulations to be
followed for the Mobile Number Portability in their draft release on 23 September
2009.
Mobile Number Portability (MNP) allows users to retain their numbers, while
shifting to a
different service provider provided they follow the guidelines set by TRAI. Once a
customer
changes his/her service provider & retaining the same mobile number they are
expected to
hold the mobile number with a given provider for at least 90 days, before they
decide to
move to another service provider. This restriction is set in place to keep a check
on
exploitation of MNP services provided by the service providers.
As per news reports, Government of India decided to implement MNP from December 31,
2009 in Metros & category ‘A’ service areas and by March 20, 2010 in rest of the
country.
It has been postponed to March 31, 2010 in Metros & category 'A' service areas.
However,
time and time again, lobbying by the state-run firms, BSNL and MTNL has resulted in
innumerable delays in the implementation of Mobile Number portability. The latest
reports
suggest BSNL and MTNL are finally ready to implement the Mobile Number Portability
by
October 31, 2010.
A news report on 25 November 2010 said Mobile Number Portability (MNP) was finally
launched in Haryana. The MNP service inaugurate by the Union Minister of
Communications
& IT Mr. Kapil Sibal by making the inaugural call to Shri Bhupindrer Singh Hooda,
the Chief
Minister of Haryana from a ported mobile number in function held at Rohtak city.
Another
news report said it will be implemented across India on January 20, 2011. Even as
DoT has
recommended a porting fee of Rs. 19, some operators such as Idea Cellular may
consider
waiving off the porting charges
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network is a fixed or mobile network and the wireless access broadband would be
used both
for fixed and mobile services. It would then be futile to differentiate between
fixed and mobile
networks – both fixed and mobile users will access services through a single core
network.
SPSS (originally, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was released in its
first version
in 1968 after being developed by Norman H. Nie and C. Hadlai Hull. Norman Nie was
then a
political science postgraduate at Stanford University, and now Research Professor
in the
Department of Political Science at Stanford and Professor Emeritus of Political
Science at
the University of Chicago SPSS is among the most widely used programs for
statistical
analysis in social science. It is used by market researchers, health researchers,
survey
companies, government, education researchers, marketing organizations and others.
The
original SPSS manual (Nie, Bent & Hull, 1970) has been described as one of
"sociology's
most influential books". In addition to statistical analysis, data management (case
selection,
file reshaping, creating derived data) and data documentation (a metadata
dictionary is
stored in the datafile) are features of the base software.
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hierarchical), Discriminant
The many features of SPSS are accessible via pull-down menus or can be programmed
with
a proprietary 4GL command syntax language. Command syntax programming has the
benefits of reproducibility; simplifying repetitive tasks; and handling complex
data
manipulations and analyses. Additionally, some complex applications can only be
programmed in syntax and are not accessible through the menu structure. The pull-
down
menu interface also generates command syntax, this can be displayed in the output
though
the default settings have to be changed to make the syntax visible to the user; or
can be
pasted into a syntax file using the "paste" button present in each menu. Programs
can be
run interactively, or unattended using the supplied Production Job Facility.
Additionally a
"macro" language can be used to write command language subroutines and a Python
programmability extension can access the information in the data dictionary and
data and
dynamically build command syntax programs. The Python programmability extension,
introduced in SPSS 14, replaced the less functional SAX Basic "scripts" for most
purposes,
although SaxBasic remains available. In addition, the Python extension allows SPSS
to run
any of the statistics in the free software package R. From version 14 onwards SPSS
can be
driven externally by a Python or a VB.NET program using supplied "plug-ins".
SPSS places constraints on internal file structure, data types, data processing and
matching
files, which together considerably simplify programming. SPSS datasets have a 2-
dimensional table structure where the rows typically represent cases (such as
individuals or
households) and the columns represent measurements (such as age, sex or household
income). Only 2 data types are defined: numeric and text (or "string"). All data
processing
occurs sequentially case-by-case through the file. Files can be matched one-to-one
and one-
to-many, but not many-to-many.
The graphical user interface has two views which can be toggled by clicking on one
of the
two tabs in the bottom left of the SPSS window. The 'Data View' shows a spreadsheet
view
of the cases (rows) and variables (columns). Unlike spreadsheets, the data cells
can only
contain numbers or text and formulas cannot be stored in these cells. The 'Variable
View'
displays the metadata dictionary where each row represents a variable and shows the
variable name, variable label, value label(s), print width, measurement type and a
variety of
other characteristics. Cells in both views can be manually edited, defining the
file structure
and allowing data entry without using command syntax. This may be sufficient for
small
datasets. Larger datasets such as statistical surveys are more often created in
data entry
software, or entered during computer-assisted personal interviewing, by scanning
and using
10
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SPSS can read and write data from ASCII text files (including hierarchical files),
other
statistics packages, spreadsheets and databases. SPSS can read and write to
external
relational database tables via ODBC and SQL.
SPSS Programmability Extension (added in version 14). Allows Python, R, and .NET
programming control of SPSS.
SPSS Data Validation (added in version 14). Allows programming of logical checks
and
reporting of suspicious values.
SPSS Regression Models - Logistic regression, ordinal regression, multinomial
logistic
regression, and mixed models.
SPSS Advanced Models - Multivariate GLM and repeated measures ANOVA (removed
from base system in version 14).
SPSS Classification Trees. Creates classification and decision trees for
identifying
groups and predicting behaviour.
SPSS Tables. Allows user-defined control of output for reports.
SPSS Exact Tests. Allows statistical testing on small samples.
SPSS Categories
SPSS Trends
11
SPSS Conjoint
Page
SPSS Map
SPSS Complex Samples (added in Version 12). Adjusts for stratification and
clustering
and other sample selection biases.
12
Page
SECTION 2
COMPANY PROFILE
2.1 AIRCEL
2.2 AIRTEL
13
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Airtel also offers fixed line services and broadband services. It offers its
telecom services
under the Airtel brand and is headed by Sunil Bharti Mittal. Bharti Airtel is
the first Indian
telecom service provider to achieve this Cisco Gold Certification. To earn Gold
Certification, Bharti Airtel had to meet rigorous standards for networking
competency,
service, support and customer satisfaction set forth by Cisco. The company also
provides land-line telephone services and broadband Internet access (DSL) in
over 96
cities in India. It also acts as a carrier for national and international long
distance
communication services. The company has a submarine cable landing station at
Chennai, which connects the submarine cable connecting Chennai and Singapore.
It is known for being the first mobile phone company in the world to outsource
everything
except marketing and sales and finance. Its network (base stations, microwave
links,
etc.) are maintained by Ericsson, Nokia Siemens Network and Huawei., business
support by IBM and transmission towers by another company (Bharti Infratel Ltd.
in
India). Ericsson agreed for the first time, to be paid by the minute for
installation and
maintenance of their equipment rather than being paid up front. This enabled
the
company to provide pan-India phone call rates of Rs. 1/minute (U$0.02/minute).
Call
rates have come down much further. During the last financial year [2009-10],
Bharti has
roped in a strategic partner Alcatel-Lucent to manage the network
infrastructure for the
Telemedia Business.
14
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2.3 BSNL
2.4 IDEA
15
Maharashtra and Gujarat to the table, the merger of these two entities was a
reality.
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Thus Birla-Tata-AT&T, popularly known as Batata, was born and was later
branded
as !dea.
Then Idea set sights on RPG’s operations in Madhya Pradesh which was
successfully
acquired, helping Batata have a million subscribers, and the licence to be the
fourth
operator in Delhi was clinched.
In 2004, Idea (the company had by then been rechristened) bought over the
Escorts
group’s Escotel gaining Haryana, Uttar Pradesh (West) and Kerala — and
licences for
three more — UP (East), Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh. By the end of that
year, four
million Indians were on the company’s network. In 2005, AT&T sold its
investment in
Idea, and the year after Tatas also bid good bye to pursue an independent
telecom
business. And Idea was left only with one promoter, the AV Birla group. When
the
company’s stock listed on the bourses in March 2007, its subscriber base was
13 million
with presence in 11 circles. In less than three years, the subscriber numbers
have more
than quadrupled. The public issue was oversubscribed 50 times and raised Rs
2,450
crore.In June 2008, Idea Cellular bought out BK Modi’s stake in Spice
Communications
for Rs 2,700 crore adding Punjab and Karnataka circles. Modi’s joint venture
partner,
Telekom Malaysia, invested Rs 7,000 crore for a 14.99% stake in Idea. Just
around
then, Idea’s subsidiary, Aditya Birla Telecom sold a 20% stake to US-based
Providence
Equity Partners for over Rs 2,000 crore.
16
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17
Delhi but has not been allocated spectrum from the Government. Tata
Teleservices is
the country's fifth largest operator in terms of wireless subscribers
(including both CDMA
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and GSM), after Bharti Airtel, Reliance Communications and Vodafone and state
run
player BSNL. Tata DOCOMO offers both prepaid and postpaid GSM cellular phone
network in 18 circles. It has become very popular with its one second pulse
especially in
semi-urban and rural areas.
On 5 November 2010, Tata DOCOMO became the first private sector telecom company
to launch 3G services in India. Tata DOCOMO had about 42.34 million users at
the end
of December 2010.
2.7 UNINOR
Uninor is a mobile telephony and network operator in India. The company holds
a pan-
India UAS licence to offer telecommunications services in each of India’s 22
circles. It
has also received spectrum to roll out these services in 21 of the 22 telecom
circles.
Uninor is subsidiary of Norwegian telecom giant Telenor Group (67.25%) and
Unitech
Group (32.75%). Uninor has started mobile services in India at the end of
2009,
focusing on the GSM technology. As of now(2010-11)the company is mired in the
multi-
billion SPECTRUMGATE scandal perpetrated with the connivance of the erstwhile
telecommunication minister A.Raja.
18
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The company Unitech Wireless was until 2009 a subsidiary of Unitech Group,
holding a
wireless services licence for all 22 Indian telecom circles since 2008. In
early 2009,
Unitech Group and Telenor agreed on a majority take-over by Telenor of
Unitech's
wireless business, including Unitech Wireless' national-wide mobile licence.
By March,
May and November, Telenor acquired a 33%, 49% and 60% stake in Unitech
Wireless,
respectively. In September, the mobile operation changed its name to Uninor.
On
October 19 the Indian Cabinet Committee of Economic Affairs (CCEA) announced
that it
has approved Telenor's acquisition of up to 74% in Unitech Wireless, and the
shareholder's agreement sets a 67.25% Telenor ownership in Uninor.
2.8. VODAFONE
Vodafone Essar provides 2.75G services based on 900 MHz and 1800 MHz digital
GSM
technology. Vodafone Essar will launch 3G services in the country in the
January-March
quarter of 2011 and plans to spend up to $500 million within two years on its
3G
networks.
Initially, around 1995, the company services were branded Max Touch¸ renamed
to
Orange in 2000. In December 2006, Hutchison Essar re-launched the "Hutch"
brand
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The company used to be named Hutchison Essar, reflecting the name of its
previous
owner, Hutchison. However, the brand was marketed as Hutch. After getting the
necessary government approvals with regards to the acquisition of a majority
by the
Vodafone Group, the company was rebranded as Vodafone Essar. The marketing
brand
was officially changed to Vodafone on 20 September 2007.
On September 20, 2007 Hutch became Vodafone. Vodafone Essar spent somewhere in
the region of Rs. 250 crores on this high-profile brand transition. Cheap cell
phones
were also launched simultaneously in the Indian market under the Vodafone
brand. The
company planned to launch co-branded handsets sourced from global vendors.
A popular daily quoted a Vodafone Essar director as saying that "the objective
is to
leverage Vodafone Group's global scale in bringing millions of low-cost
handsets from
across-the-world into India."
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SECTION 3
LITERATURE REVIEW
In India cellular phone service provider are facing high competition. There are ten
service
provider who are providing service in India. Due to this they have to different
every time to
maintain their customer loyalty.
Roni Peleg(2003)- Major problem people are facing is connectivity problem. Mobile
is very
important part of peoples life, and they are so much depend on it for their daily
routine and
some other wok like consulting Physician.
Eric Ford in his research (2005) the major problem service provider are facing is
arrangement of towers to get maximum profit.
Andrews, Edmund. L (The New York Times, 2006) Customer is more concerning about new
service like TV in mobile phone, and many providers are also thinking about it.
So to maintain their customer loyalty service provider should focus on better
connectivity,
with availability of recharge coupon, more advertisement, good scheme and should
accurate
in the choice of brand ambassador.
21
the world. The service providers must delegate the power to these agents to execute
the
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services and monitor their performance. If found efficient the agents can continue
to operate
else they may need to be revoked.
S.A. Pandya ,Rajput (2008) Mobile networks reuse frequency bands based on a color
map
to increase the capacity of the network. A handoff should occur when a mobile unit
moves
from the influence of one base station with weaker signal into another's that has
stronger
signal. Handoff behavior of all units is an important factor in quality of service
of a mobile
phone service. Handoff decisions, also called mobility decisions, are made by
mobile phone
based on the observed power from base stations. Premature, delayed or exceedingly
sensitive decisions are considered poor decisions. Excessive poor decisions result
in
degradation of service quality in otherwise a healthy mobile system.
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SECTION 4
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Survey design:
The study is a cross sectional study because the data were collected at a single
point of
time.
Research Period:
Research Instrument:
Data Collection:
• The data has been collected directly from respondent with the help of
structured
questionnaires.
• Data was mainly collected from UG & PG students and from some faculties of
NIT
Calicut.
Data Analysis:
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SECTION 5
This study aims at studying the present market scenario. The major players in the
market
today are Airtel, Vodafone, Bsnl, Tata Docomo, Aircel, Uninor, Reliance, Idea, etc.
The
companies want to capture the market study concerns with evaluating fast developing
area
and so all the service providers were taken to measure the satisfaction of customer
1. To segment the market and mobile phone users based on Age group, Gender,
Educational Qualification, Monthly income etc.
2. To study the customer satisfaction towards mobile service providers.
3. To study and identify how the customers are benefited.
4. To evaluate the major service provider satisfied the customer.
5. To assess the needs, requirements and expectations of the customers in
order to
assess their current satisfaction levels.
6. To define new marketing strategies for attracting new customers.
7. To find the reasons for choosing a service provider.
8. To find the usage and interests of the mobile phone users.
Carrying the survey was a general learning experience but some problems were
faced,
which are listed here:
Generally the respondents were busy in their work and were not
interested in
responding rightly.
Respondents were reluctant to discover complete and correct
information about
themselves and their organization.
Most respondents were not maintaining proper knowledge of various
services
provided by their company, so they were unable to provide exact
information.
Most of the respondents don’t want to disclose the information about
the various
other companies’ which they have experienced before.
Some of the respondents were using the service first time of their
company and
they were not able to properly differentiate among their product.
24
Due to human behavior information may be biased. Mainly in BSNL case.
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SECTION 6
COLLECTED DATA
The collected data was entered into SPSS software and tabulated.
AGE GROUP:
Age Group
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Percent
GENDER:
M/F
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Percent
Female 30 30.0
30.0 100.0
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS:
Educational Qualification
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent Percent
2 19 19.0
19.0 24.0
Graduation 53 53.0
53.0 77.0
Post-Graduation 22 22.0
22.0 99.0
PhD 1 1.0
1.0 100.0
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MONTHLY INCOME:
Monthly Income
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent Percent
5000-10000 59 59.0
59.0 84.0
10000-20000 11 11.0
11.0 95.0
>20000 5 5.0
5.0 100.0
Pre/Post
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent Percent
PostPaid 11 11.0
11.0 100.0
CDMA/2G/3G
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent Percent
3G 18 18.0
18.0 100.0
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent Percent
2 years 28 28.0
28.3 60.6
3 years 17 17.0
17.2 77.8
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Total 99 99.0
100.0
Missing System 1 1.0
Page
Cumulative
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Percent
No 60 60.0
60.6 100.0
Total 99 99.0
100.0
Missing System 1 1.0
Total 100 100.0
MONTHLY EXPENCE:
Monthly Expenses
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent Percent
22 2 2.0
2.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0
100.0
TALK TIME PER DAY:
Minutes per day
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent Percent
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Page
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Percent
PREFERRED TARRIF:
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent Percent
Pay/Minute 21 21.0
21.2 93.9
Total 99 99.0
100.0
Missing System 1 1.0
Total 100 100.0
CONNECTIONS CHANGED IN THE LAST 3 YEARS:
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Percent
Total 99 99.0
100.0
Missing System 1 1.0
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Page
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent Percent
Validity 1 1.0
1.0 90.0
Coverage 7 7.0
7.0 100.0
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent Percent
Validity 17 17.0
17.0 76.0
3rd preference
Cumulative
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Percent
Validity 34 34.0
34.0 71.0
29
Coverage 20 20.0
20.0 100.0
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IMPACT OF CELEBRITIES:
Impact of celebrities
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent Percent
No 88 88.0
88.0 100.0
Cumulative
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Percent
Friends 32 32.0
32.3 51.5
Relatives 5 5.0
5.1 56.6
Others 4 4.0
4.0 60.6
My Decision 39 39.0
39.4 100.0
Total 99 99.0
100.0
Missing System 1 1.0
Total 100 100.0
PURCHASE OF SIM:
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent Percent
Others 2 2.0
2.0 100.0
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BEST OFFER:
Cumulative
Frequency Percent
Valid Percent Percent
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Percent
No 16 16.0
16.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0
100.0
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent Percent
No 39 39.0
39.0 52.0
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SECTION 7
DATA ANALYSIS
Various methods have been used in this study to find out the relationship
between different
variables. CROSS-TAB, CHI SQUARE TESTS, ANOVA ONE WAY, CORRELATION
ANALYSIS has been used to find out these relationships between different
variables
according to the various responses given by the respondents. For analysis,
Confidence
Interval was taken as 95%. And Significance level 5%.
The analysis was conducted using IBM-SPSS 19. The hardware used was Intel Core 2
Duo
processor, 4GB RAM, 500 GB Hard Disk.
7.1 Cross-Tab:
Monthly Expenses
5000-10000 6 22
22 9 59
10000-20000 0 4
6 1 11
>20000 0 1
1 3 5
Total 13 34
39 14 100
Inference: Here irrespective of Monthly income, most of the people spent `50-
`400 per
month.
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Monthly Income
2-5 times 5 7
2 0 14
>10 times 0 1
0 0 1
Total 25 58
11 5 99
Inference: Here, irrespective of monthly income, most of the people have changed
their sim
very less(0-2 times).
The chi-square (X2) distribution is obtained from the values of the ratio of the
sample
variance and population variance multiplied by the degrees of freedom. This occurs
when
the population is normally distributed with population variance sigma^2.
In the test for independence, the claim is that the row and column variables are
independent
of each other. This is the null hypothesis.
The multiplication rule said that if two events were independent, then the
probability of both
33
occurring was the product of the probabilities of each occurring. This is key to
working the
test for independence. If you end up rejecting the null hypothesis, then the
assumption must
Page
have been wrong and the row and column variable are dependent. Remember, all
hypothesis testing is done under the assumption the null hypothesis is true.
The test statistic used is the same as the chi-square goodness-of-fit test. The
principle
behind the test for independence is the same as the principle behind the goodness-
of-fit test.
The test for independence is always a right tail test.
In fact, you can think of the test for independence as a goodness-of-fit test where
the data is
arranged into table form. This table is called a contingency table.
The test statistic has a chi-square distribution when the following assumptions are
met
Hypothesis:
34
Results:
Correlations
Impact of
Age Group
celebrities
Sig. (1-tailed)
.151
Covariance .
103 .011
N
100 100
Impact of celebrities Pearson Correlation .
104 1
Sig. (1-tailed) .
151
Covariance .
011 .107
N
100 100
Inference:
We got the significant level as 0.104 and is greater than p-value 0.05. So there is
significant
relationship between the variables.
Hypothesis:
H1: There is significant relationship between Monthly income and monthly expense.
Results:
Chi-Square Tests
35
We got the significant level as .032 and is less than p-value 0.05. So there is no
significant
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Hypothesis:
H0: There is no significant relationship between Usage of SIM and Tariff Scheme.
H1: There is significant relationship between Usage of SIM and Tariff Scheme.
Result:
Chi-Square Tests
Inference:
We got the significant level as 0.005 and is much lesser than 0.05. So there is no
significant
relationship between the variables.
7.3 Correlation
The Greek letter for r is rho, so the parameter used for linear correlation is rho
H0: ρ = 0
H1: ρ ≠ 0
r has a t distribution with n-2 degrees of freedom, and the test statistic is given
by:
Now, there are n-2 degrees of freedom this time. This is a difference from before.
As an
over-simplification, you subtract one degree of freedom for each variable, and
since there
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Hypothesis:
Assumptions:
3. Normality.
4. Linearity.
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Results:
Correlations
Monthly
Age Group
Expenses
Sig. (1-tailed)
.382
N 100
100
Monthly Expenses Pearson Correlation -.030
1
N 100
100
Inference:
The output confirms the result of scatter plot has a significant negative
relationship exist
between monthly expenditure and age (since r=-0.3). So p-value is greater than 0.05
and it
is 0.382. So we cannot reject the null hypothesis.
Hypothesis:
Results:
Correlations
Age Group
Minutes per day
Sig. (1-tailed)
.081
Covariance .103
.032
N 100
100
Minutes per day Pearson Correlation .141
1
38
Covariance .032
.493
Page
N 100
100
Inference:
The output confirms the result of scatter plot has a significant negative
relationship exist
between talk time and age (since r=.141). So p-value is greater than 0.05 and it is
0.141. So
we can reject the null hypothesis.
Hypothesis:
H0: There is no relationship exist between SMS per day and age.
H1: There is relationship exist between SMS per day and age.
Results:
Correlations
Age Group
SMS per day
Sig. (1-tailed)
.097
Covariance .103
-.038
N 100
100
SMS per day Pearson Correlation -.131
1
Covariance -.038
.819
N 100
100
Inference:
The output confirms the result of scatter plot has a significant negative
relationship exist
between SMS per day and age (since r=-.131). So p-value is greater than 0.05 and it
is -
0.131. So we cannot reject the null hypothesis.
Hypothesis:
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Results:
Correlations
Call Tariff
Age Group
preference
Sig. (1-tailed)
.055
Covariance .103
-.031
N 100
99
Call Tariff preference Pearson Correlation -.161
1
Covariance -.031
.347
N 99
99
Inference:
The output confirms the result of scatter plot has a significant negative
relationship exist
between tharif preference and age (since r=-.161). So p-value is greater than 0.05
and it is -
0.161. So we cannot reject the null hypothesis.
7.4 ANOVA
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The ANOVA tests the null hypothesis that samples in two or more groups are drawn
from the
same population. To do this, two estimates are made of the population variance.
These
estimates rely on various assumptions. The ANOVA produces an F statistic, the ratio
of the
variance calculated among the means to the variance within the samples. If the
group
means are drawn from the same population, the variance between the group means
should
be lower than the variance of the samples, following central limit theorem. A
higher ratio
therefore implies that the samples were drawn from different populations.
The degree of freedom for the numerator is I-1, where I is the number of groups
(means).
The degrees of freedom for the denominator is N - I, where N is the total of all
the sample
sizes.
Typically, however, the one-way ANOVA is used to test for differences among at
least two
groups, since the two-group case can also be covered by a t-test (Gosset, 1908).
When
there are only two means to compare, the t-test and the F-test are equivalent; the
relation
between ANOVA and t is given by F = t2.
In SPSS, the software performs a one-way Analysis of Variance. List 1 must contain
the
means of the samples, list 2 must contain the sample variances, and list 3 must
contain the
sample sizes. Note that the three lists must be the same size. The user is reminded
of these
requirements when running the program.
The grand mean is displayed, followed by the sum of squares, degrees of freedom,
and
mean sum of squares for the between group and within group. The total sum of
squares and
degrees of freedom, along with the F test statistic is also shown.
Upon completion, the program will give the user the chance to run the Scheffe test
if the
sample sizes are different or the Tukey test if the sample sizes are the same. All
possible
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A One-Way Analysis of Variance is a way to test the equality of three or more means
at one
time by using variances.
Assumptions
The populations from which the samples were obtained must be normally or
approximately normally distributed.
The samples must be independent.
The variances of the populations must be equal.
Hypotheses
The null hypothesis will be that all population means are equal, the alternative
hypothesis is
that at least one mean is different.
Anyway, the point is that only one of the things had to be different for them to
not all be the
same. This is exactly the way the alternative hypothesis works. The null hypothesis
says that
they're all equal to each other and the alternative says that at least one of them
is different.
Hypothesis:
Assumptions:
1. Population normality.
2. Homogenity of variance.
42
Page
National Institute of Technology Calicut
Factors affecting the selection of Mobile Phone Network Service
Providers Mini Project
Results:
ANOVA
Monthly Expenses
Sum of Squares df
Mean Square F Sig.
Multiple
Comparisons
Monthly Expenses
Tukey HSD
Difference (I-J)
Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound
dimension3
10000-20000 -.527
.313 .337 -1.35 .29
*
>20000 -1.200
.424 .028 -2.31 -.09
dimension3
10000-20000 -.151
.284 .951 -.89 .59
>20000 -.824
.403 .179 -1.88 .23
dimension2
>20000 -.673
.466 .476 -1.89 .55
*
>20000 <5000 1.200
.424 .028 .09 2.31
dimension3
5000-10000 .824
.403 .179 -.23 1.88
10000-20000 .673
.466 .476 -.55 1.89
Inference:
Here degree of freedom is 3 and 96. Also here if p-value obtained is
less than 0.05 we can
reject the null hypothesis. F(3,96)=3.143 and p-value=0.029 which
is<0.05. So we can reject
the null hypothesis.
Results:
Between-Subjects Factors
Descriptive Statistics
Value Label N
Dependent Variable:Monthly Expenses
M/F 1 Male 70
M/F Mean Std. Deviation N
43
2 Female 30
Male 2.47 .959 70
Page
a
Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variances
Dependent Variable:Monthly Expenses
.973 1 98 .326
Inference:
Here the degree of freedom is 1and 98. Here the levene’s test is significant since
we got the
p value as 0.326 which is lesser than 0.5 indicating that homogeneity is valid
here.
44
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SECTION 8
SUMMARY
1. Cross Tab
2. Chi-Square Test
3. Correlation
4. ANOVA
45
Page
SECTION 9
CONCLUSION
In the era of information explosion, people are to be provided with quick and
timely access to
information. In India, there era ten cellular companies competing to provide
efficient and
quality services to customer. Government and private operators are competing at
close
margin and are trying to provide multiple valued added services to people hence the
cellular
operators should strive to provide cost effective quality equipment lesser charges
for
connectivity at various levels and connectivity based on consumer requirement this
significance development in this field in the past ten years show that there is a
very bright
scope for expansion and modernization in cellular area with a very short span of
time. Thus
mobile phone service provider should rectify the problems faced by consumer to
become a
leading company in world.
Competition in telecom industry is heating up its time for Indian telecom players
also to align
up in the new dynamic business environment. Telco majors should think to launch the
product according to the needs of customers to satisfy them and make them brand
loyal as
very soon this blue ocean of Indian telecom scenario will convert into red ocean
where the
loss of is the gain of other. They should also think for searching new space or we
can say
either creating a new blue space to sustain their growth in long run. There is more
room for
data analysis but the rest of the part is beyond the scope of this project report
46
Page
REFERENCES
Books:
Web Resources:
www.trai.gov.in
http://www.tataindicom.com/t-aboutus-ttsl-organization.aspx
http://www.rcom.co.in/webapp/Communications/rcom/Aboutus/aboutus_home.jsp
http://www.ideacellular.com/IDEA.portal?
_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=IDEA_PageAboutIdea
http://www.bsnl.co.in/about.htm
http://www.bsnl.co.in/service/tariff_excel_pre.htm
http://210.212.144.243/utility/tariff.htm
http://www.trai.gov.in/trai/upload/PressReleases/15/pr16jan06.pdf
http:// www.wikipedia
www.totalnetwork.co.in
http://www.rcom.co.in/webapp/Communications/rcom/index.jsp
http://www.wikipedia.org
http://www.scribd.com
47
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APPENDIX
SPSS Variable View
48
39 third_new_c... Numeric 1 0
3rdpreference {1, Call Rate...
Page
49
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50
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51
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9) From how long you are availing the services of your present service provider?
a) <1 year C b) 2 years C c) 3
years C d) >4 years C
13) How many minutes you talk in your mobile phone per day?
17) How many times you have changed your connection in the last three years?
a) 0-2 C b) 2-5 C c) 5-10 C
d) >10 C
18) For a new connection, which services will you prefer (give the order of
preference)?
a) Call rates b) SMS rates c) Value Added Services d)
Internet Charges
e) Validity f) SIM Cost g) Roaming Charges h)
Coverage
19) From where you are getting information about new offers?
a) TV C b) Newspaper C c) Magazine C d) Internet C e)
Hoardings C f) Word of Mouth C
20) Is there any impact of celebrities on your purchasing decision?
a) Yes C b) No C
21) Who advised you to take the connection of your present provider?
a) Family members C b) Friends C c) Relatives C
d) Others C e) My decision
22) From where did you bought your SIM?
a) Company Outlet C b) Nearest Retailer C c)
Road Side shop C d) Others C
23) Which offer you like the most (Tick only ONE)?
a) Free unlimited local calls to one number(same provider)
C
b) Free 3000 SMS/month C c) Free 2GB GPRS/month
C
24) Are you satisfied with the customer service of your present service provider?
a) Yes C b) No C
25) Would you like to change your current service provider in future?
a) Yes C b) No C c) I
can’t say C
26) Any one thing that you don’t like about your service provider and would like
them to improve…
___________________________________________________________________________