TREE MONITORING SYSTEM

A Mini Project work submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

by

Sai Preethi Nadendla Regd.No: 16211A04J6

Shivani Devda Regd.No: 16211A04K0

S. Sri Niharika Regd.No: 16211A04K1

Swaroopa Shigli Regd.No: 16211A04K9

Anukruthi Karre Regd.No: 16211A0409

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mr.P. Rajesh, M.Tech

Assistant Professor

B.V.Raju Institute of Technology

UGC- AUTONOMOUS
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Vishnupur, Narsapur, Medak. (Dt)
(Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
2019-2020
I
 B.V.Raju Institute of Technology
Vishnupur, Narsapur, Medak. (Dt) Pin:502313
(Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
Ph: 08458-222000, 222001 Fax: 08458-222002

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Mini Project work entitled TREE MONITORING SYSTEM is being
submitted by Ms.Sai Preethi Nadendla, Ms.Shivani Devda, Ms.S. Sri Niharika, Ms. Swaroopa
Shigli, Ms. Anukruthi Karre in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree
of B.Tech. in Electronics & Communication Engineering, by Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University Hyderabad is a record of bonafide work carried out by him under my
guidance and supervision from 2018 to 2019.

The results presented in this project have been verified and are found to be satisfactory.

INTERNAL GUIDE Dr.I.A.Pasha

Mr.P. Rajesh, M.Tech M.E, PhD, Post Doc.,MISTE,MIEEE.
Assistant Professor Professor & HOD, Dept. of ECE

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

II
 CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE
IN
ROBOTICS

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Sai Preethi Nadendla, Shivani Devda, S. Sri Niharika, Swaroopa
Shigli, Anukruthi Karre bearing Roll No: 16211A04J6, 16211A04K0, 16211A04K1,
16211A0K9, 16211A0409 respectively has successfully completed training on Robotics
and implemented a project titled “TREE MONITORING SYSTEM” in Centre for
Excellence In Robotics, Department of ECE, B.V.Raju Institute of Technology, Narsapur,
during the period from 2019 to 2020.

Lab Coordinator HOD

Dr. K.Prabhakar Rao, Ph.D Dr.I.A.Pasha, Ph.D, Post.Doc

III
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We take this opportunity to express our indebted gratitude to the persons who contributed for
our work, for being an inspiration and guide which led to the successful completion of the
project.

We are grateful towards the college management and the beloved principal Dr. K. Lakshmi
Prasad,M.Tech (IIT Bombay), Ph.D for providing the necessary infrastructure and facilities
that ensure smooth and satisfactory execution of the project. We would like to express profound
gratitude to the head of the department Dr. I. A. Pasha M.E, Ph.D, Post Doc., MISTE, MIEEE,
Dept. of ECE, for his encouragement, inspiration and close monitoring and guidance he gave
during the execution of the project.

We express our sincere thanks to our guide Mr. P. Rajesh, M.Tech, Assistant Professor, Dept.
of ECE, for his valuable suggestions and motivation in successful completion of project.We also
wish to express our thanks to all the faculty members and laboratory staff who were helpful
directly and indirectly for the completion of the project.

By

Sai Preethi.N - 16211A04J6

Shivani Devda - 16211A04K0

S. Sri Niharika - 16211A04K1

Swaroopa.S - 16211A04K9

Anukruthi.K - 16211A0409

IV
 ABSTRACT

We depend on forests for our survival, from the air we breathe to the wood we use. Besides
providing habitats for animals and livelihoods for humans, forests also offer watershed
protection, prevent soil erosion and mitigate climate change. Yet, despite our dependence on
forests, we are still allowing them to disappear.

Forests now-a-days are being used for illegal activities like deforestation of sandalwood trees,
Asoka trees, gulmohar trees and many more. We can reduce this deforestation using this system
and the respective department can take immediate action.

The main aim of the project is to design a monitoring system through which some of the valuable
or precious trees can be protected. Through this monitoring system deforestation and over-
gazing can be controlled.

The hardware components used in this monitoring system are Arduino Lilypad, Accelerometer,
Flex sensor, Battery/Adapter, Wires, Jumpers, GSM 900. Arduino Lilypad is a mainboard
through which there would be a connection between the tree and GSM- global system for mobile.

The software used in this monitoring system is Embedded C language which is similar to the C
language. Through this programming language instructions are given to the accelerometer and a
message is sent accordingly to the registered numbers.

V
 CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE II II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV

ABSTRACT V

CONTENTS VI

LIST OF FIGURES VIII

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Motivation 01

1.2 Objective 03

1.3 Scope 04

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 05

3. ANALYSIS & DESIGN

3.1 Analysis 08
3.2 Working 08
3.3 Design
3.3.1 Accelerometer 10
3.3.2 Flex Sensor 11
3.3.3 Arduino Lilypad 12
3.3.4 GSM Module 13

4. IMPLEMENTATION 16

4.1 Real Time Operation

4.2 System Architecture

5. RESULTS 18

5.1 Output

VI
6. ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS 20

6.1 Advantages

6.2 Applications

7.CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 21

REFERENCES 22

APPENDIX 24

VII
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1 Analysis and Design

Figure 3.2 Accelerometer

Figure 3.3 Flex Sensor

Figure 3.4 Arduino Lilypad

Figure 3.5 GSM Module

Figure 4.1 System Architecture

Figure 5.1 Result

VIII
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The main aim of the project is to design a monitoring system through which some of the
valuable or precious trees can be protected. Through this monitoring system deforestation and
over-gazing can be controlled.

1.1 MOTIVATION:
We all need healthy forests. They help keep our climate stable, absorbing carbon dioxide and
releasing oxygen, and they regulate our water supply and improves its quality. They also
provide a home to more than half of all species found on land – a rich variety of life that keeps
so many natural systems running.

Over 1 billion people live in and around forests, depending on them for fuel, food, medicines
and building materials. And all of us use wood in our daily lives: in fact, global demand for
timber products is expected to more than triple over the next three decades.

But we have already led to the loss of around 40% of the world’s forests. And today, an area
the size of a football pitch is still being destroyed every second. Protecting and restoring forests
has never been more urgent.

Larger areas are suffering from degradation – where the forest remains, but its richness and
health is in decline. Threats include illegal and unsustainable logging, overharvesting of wood
for fuel and charcoal, small-scale farming, hunting, forest fires, and pests and diseases.

1
All this threatens the survival of countless species, fuels climate change jeopardizes people’s
livelihoods and undermines the vital services that forests provide.

With better protection, forests can continue to provide a welcome home for wildlife and
resources for indigenous people and local communities. And, globally, they can keep
providing us all with essentials such as fresh air and clean water. With better management, we
can boost timber production without damaging the local environment. And with better
planning, we can produce enough food for growing populations without having to convert
forests to farmland.

2
1.2 OBJECTIVE:

The most common pressures causing deforestation and severe forest degradation are
agriculture, unsustainable forest management, mining, infrastructure projects and increased
fire incidence and intensity.

Some infrastructure activities, such as road building, have a large indirect effect through
opening up forests to settlers and agriculture. Poor forest management and unsustainable
fuelwood collection degrade forests and often instigate a "death by a thousand cuts" form of
deforestation.

Illegal logging and related trade occur when timber is harvested, transported, processed,
bought or sold in violation of national or subnational laws. It can also happen when forests are
cleared for plantations such as oil palm. Illegal logging exists because of increasing demand
for timber, paper and derivative products, including packaging.

Illegal logging threatens some of the world's most valuable forests – from the Amazon to the
Russian Far East. And yet, for many of the people that live in these forests, illegal logging is
a vital source of income – sometimes it is the only way to survive. But at other times it
threatens their livelihood.

Increased demand for forests products has brought some financial benefits for poor people
living in or near forests. But there is also evidence to show that usually, poor communities
who are completely dependent on forests lose out to powerful interests, logging companies
and migrant workers who reap most of the benefits.

In order to protect these forests with these valuable trees and culture we need to take a
preventive measure and, in this process, we think we can use this system.

3
1.3 SCOPE:

The scope of tree monitoring system is to protect trees from deforestation and over gazing.
Social forestry also aims at raising plantations by the common man so as to meet the growing
demand for timber, fuelwood, fodder, etc., thereby reducing pressure on traditional forest
areas. This concept of village forests to meet the needs of rural people is not new. It has existed
through the centuries all over the country, but it is now being given a new character.

People felt the need for a social forestry scheme because India has a dominant rural population
that still depends largely on fuel, wood, and other biomass for their cooking and heating. This
demand for fuelwood will not decrease, but the forested area will shrink further due to the
growing population and increasing human activities. Yet, the government managed the
projects for five years then gave them over to the village panchayats (village council) to
manage for themselves and generate products or revenue as they saw fit.

Tree monitoring system also has scope of protecting valuable trees from being destroyed that
is it can stop illegal activities to an extent. Through this tree monitoring system traffic can be
controlled in hilly areas when heavy winds blow due to which trees fall on the road and cause
chaos in the surroundings and in people.

4
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

1) 200 teak trees cut, timber smuggled LUCKNOW.

2) Endangered red sandalwood seized from smugglers in Berhampur.

3)The town of Suifenhe in China is home to a timber factory that processes more than 5 billion
pounds of wood per year, most of which comes from Russia By smuggling.

4) Punjab News line Network on Saturday, 18 December 2010.

5) The situation has gone quite worse as timber, worth lakhs and lakhs of rupees is being illegally
sold right under the nose of the concerned department.

6) The Times of India, Ahmedabad. Plan to curb inter-state smuggling of forest woods.

7) Along with the illegal activities being raised above the bar the climatic conditions have also
gone worse due to which there are heavy rains in some places. Due to these heavy rains roads
get blocked and also trees fall on the road causing traffic issues.

Based on the survey done trees are being destroyed on a wide range all over the world. So, to
protect these trees and the changing climatic conditions this system needed to be used and to this
system a fire alarm can also be attached due to which forest fires can be known and an immediate
action can be taken.

5
 International Journal of Scientific Research and Review, Volume 07, Issue 03, March 2019
UGC Journal No.: 64650, Siddeswary Yadav S.T, Dr.M.Meenakshi

The authors of these paper defined the project about ANTISMUGGLING for trees using the flex
sensor and ZIGBEE module. And the authors are explained about how the restrict the functions
of smuggling from the smuggler’s activities and to save and protect the trees in the forest
environments on the earth by using the preventing measures. So that the given system has
developed by using a mini sensor network from a ZIGBEE module technique. The main
preventive system for forests are used in main units like tree unit, area/sub server unit. And the
authors in the project mainly concentrated on the ZIGBEE module and GSM technology for the
maintenance of server ,visual basic. Therefore they used a module of Android based Anti-
Smuggling system for trees in the forest using an android development. They used ideal attractive
sensors like accelerometer and the temperature sensor for forming a mini sensor networking has
been introduced in this project. And usually uses the MEMS technology for betterment of the
given system to be developed easily. In paper the details have been discussed on MEMS
accelerometer which is also be referred for the vertical capacitive TORSIONAL accelerometer
(TXL).

Anti-Poaching Alarm System Using TiltSensor

The principle thought is to structure a versatile remote sensor hub which will be a piece of a
Wireless Sensor Network. This framework will comprise of two Modules one including sensors
and controller Module which will be at tree spot and another is Android telephone. The Blynk
application will consistently get sensor information. This is an IOT based venture where the
sensor information is consistently transferred to cloud (Blynk server) over a Wi-Fi Module. In
the event of tilt sensor and the bell turns on when tree twists and for temperature sensor water
siphon is turned on if there should be an occurrence of woods fire through hand-off switch.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 06

Issue: 01 | Jan 2019, Design an Antistealing System for Endangered Trees with Solar
Power, G. Senthilrajan, T. Iswarya, K. Gayathri, E. Indhumathi

The module developed is an integration of hardware and software. Hardware is developed using
sensors–sound sensor, tilt sensor, flame sensor and infrared sensor. Solar panel is also connected
to the module. Sensor continuously monitor the tree spot and send the information to control unit,
which is fixed at forest officer room. Proposed system has multi sensor node communicate with
master node. Sensor node collects information about trees such as tree axing sound, position of
trees, temperature, fire. These information are monitored continuously
a

6
and send the information to the master node. Master node is fixed on the forest officer control
room.

International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology (IJCST) – Volume 4

Issue 1, Jan - Feb 2016, Preventive System for Forests, Prasad R. Khandar, K. Deivanai

The suggested system will consist of three different modules as follows: 1) Tree Unit 2) Area
unit 3) Main Server Unit. Every tree will be equipped with one small electronics unit which
consists of Microcontroller, flex sensor and Zigbee module. There will be one sub server unit for
particular area of forest. The data of different tree units can be collected by this unit. The sub
server unit will send the data to the main server using GSM modem. At the main server GUI
using VB will be created to alert about threats with exact tree location. This data can be used by
concerned forest authorities to take preventive action. The whole process will take a maximum
of few seconds or a minute. This will surely reduce smuggling and illegal logging to a greater
extent.

IJIRSET, Vol. 6, Issue 3, March 2017, Innovative Protection of Valuable Trees from
Smuggling Using RFID and Sensors, Suguvanam K R, Senthil Kumar R, Partha Sarathy
S, Karthick K, Raj Kumar S

The main feature of this project is to protect these trees from smuggling by using GSM module
along with RFID. In addition to GSM we use ZigBee protocol. RFID is used to identify the tag
of the tree. GSM sends alert using satellite communication. And due to bad weather condition,
if GSM fails to send an alert then ZigBee send an alert to nearby police station that particular
tree is being cut down. So that immediate action is taken. This project can be applied even in
dense forest area where manual monitoring is difficult and preventing cutting down of trees
ecosystem can be protected.

7
 CHAPTER 3

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 ANALYSIS:

The analysis and design of tree monitoring system consists of four main steps. In the first step,
movement of the tree is detected by the sensors-accelerometer and flex sensor. In the next step,
the information is sent to the Arduino Lilypad microcontroller when the tree deviates from the
normal. Furthermost, in the following step, this information is sent to the GSM module present
in the microcontroller. In the final step, a message is sent to the number of the sim through GSM.

3.2 WORKING:

Arduino Lily pad is used as a mini micro-controller, flex sensors and accelerometer are used to
detect the changes in the focused tree.

Accelerometer is a sensor used to detect the changes of the tree condition. It has typical values
of the coordinate axes. Hence when the tree tends to deviate from the typical values the message
is conveyed about the changed condition. The flex sensor is the second and a safety device
basically a backup sensor, which works on the principle of resistance being proportional to the
bending. Higher is the bend, more is the resistance value. The flex sensor consists of a fluid
which has a typical resistance value which is the basis of the computation.

It is attached to the branch of a tree and the accelerometer is placed at the peak to find the
deviation. These both devices are connected to the lily pad. Output of the flex sensor and
accelerometer is given to the Arduino Lilypad whose connection is made with GSM (Global
system for mobile communication). The GSM is stored with the sim through which the
information is to be sent through Embedded C code with the mobile number of the sim to

8
whom we send the information. Whenever a change is detected, the mobile receives the
message stored in the code to report the information.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig 3.1

9
3.3 DESIGN:

3.3.1 Accelerometer:

Fig 3.2

An accelerometer is a device that measures proper acceleration. Proper acceleration, the

acceleration (or rate of change of velocity) of a body in its own instantaneous rest frame, is not
the same as the coordinate acceleration, being the acceleration in a fixed coordinate system. For
example, an accelerometer at rest on the surface of the Earth will measure an acceleration

10
due to Earth's gravity, straight upwards. By contrast, accelerometers in free fall will measure
zero.

Accelerometers have multiple applications in industry and science. Highly sensitive

accelerometers are components of inertial navigation systems for aircraft and missiles.
Accelerometers are used to detect and monitor vibration in rotating machinery. They are used in
tablet computers and digital cameras so that images on screens are always displayed upright.
They are used in drones for flight stabilization. Coordinated accelerometers can be used to
measure differences in proper acceleration, particularly gravity, over their separation in space;
i.e., gradient of the gravitational field. This gravity gradiometry is useful because absolute
gravity is a weak effect and depends on the local density of the Earth which is quite variable.

3.3.2 Flex Sensor:

Fig 3.3

A flex sensor or bend sensor is a sensor that measures the amount of deflection or bending.
Usually, the sensor is stuck to the surface, and resistance of sensor element is varied by

11
bending the surface. Since the resistance is directly proportional to the amount of bend it is used
as goniometer, and often called flexible potentiometer. Flex sensor is used in wide areas of
research from computer interfaces, rehabilitation, security systems and even music interfaces. It
is also famous among students and Hobbyists.

For measuring bend, bending angle of any instrument, flex sensor is used with the type of
controller such as microcontroller or Arduino etc. Here we shall tell the user how interface it
with Arduino board. For interfacing with Arduino board this sensor is powered up with Arduino
board. When it is connected with Arduino board then its pin one is connected to +5V Arduino
board pin through 100K ohm resistor and pin two is directly connected to Arduino ground pin.

3.3.3 Arduino Lilypad:

Fig 3.4

This is Lily Pad Arduino - the main board consisting of an ATmega168V with the Arduino
bootloader and a minimum number of external components to keep it as small (and as simple)
as possible. Board will run from 2V to 5V. The latest version of the Lily Pad supports

12
automatic reset for even easier programming. The back side of the Lily Pad is now completely
flat! It has a surface mount programming connector to keep the header from poking through.

The Lily Pad Arduino is a micro-controller board designed for wearable and e-textiles.It works
on rechargeable batteries and allows easy connection with sensors and actuators developed for
an easy integration in clothes and fabrics. It can be sewn to fabric and similarly mounted power
supplies, sensors and actuators with conductive thread. The board is based on the ATmega168V
(the low-power version of the ATmega168) (data sheet). The Lily Pad Arduino was designed
and developed by Leah Buechley and SparkFun Electronics.

3.3.4 GSM Module:

GSM is a mobile communication modem; it stands for global system for mobile communication
(GSM).

A GSM Module is basically a GSM Modem (like SIM 900) connected to a PCB with different
types of output taken from the board – say TTL Output (for Arduino, 8051 and other
microcontrollers) and RS232 Output to interface directly with a PC (personal computer). The
board will also have pins or provisions to attach mic and speaker, to take out +5V or other values
of power and ground connections. These types of provisions vary with different modules.

GSM/GPRS Modem-RS232 is built with Dual-Band GSM/GPRS engine- SIM900A works on

frequencies 900/ 1800 MHz. The Modem is coming with RS232 interface, which allows you to
connect the PC as well as a microcontroller with RS232 Chip (MAX232). The baud rate is
configurable from 9600-115200 through AT command. The GSM/GPRS Modem is having
internal TCP/IP stack to enable you to connect with the Internet via GPRS. It is suitable for SMS,
Voice as well as DATA transfer application in M2M interface. The on-board Regulated Power
supply allows you to connect wide range unregulated power supply. Using this modem, you can
make audio calls, SMS, Read SMS, attend the incoming calls and internet etc through simple
AT commands.

13
 Fig 3.5

1. Power ON reset switch.

2. Sliding SIM holder.

3. Network,Power and Status indicator.

4. MIC and Speaker Socket.

5. Power supply 12V/2A

6. FRC Connector.

7. RS232 header.

8. DC to DC Converter (29302WU IC).

9. ESD Protection enabled.

14
10. SIM900A stack on header.

11. Stub antenna with SMA connector.

12. General GPIO SIM900A

15
 CHAPTER 4

IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Real time operation:

A prototype module will be developed for the project to demonstrate the scenario of Illegal Tree
falling in a forest environment. A small toy tree with the 2 sensors – Accelerometer, Flex sensor
will be connected to Arduino Lily pad with the connection to GSM. Tree cutting or tree
bending will be detected by the accelerometer and the flex sensor. All the information will be
sent via GSM module.

4.2 System Architecture:

Fig 4.1

In real time, the implementation is executed as follows. The arrangement on the whole is placed
on randomly selected trees from a group of trees in the forest environment. The estimation is
about 1:10 i.e. one tree from a group of 10. The idea behind this arrangement is, when there is
illegal cutting happening at least one tree from the various number of trees which are being cut
will detect the activity to notify the authorities.
The flex sensor is stuck at the base of a branch-stem junction at one side of the tree. The
accelerometer is placed at the middle of the stem. These sensors are main in the detection of any
activity occurring around. The flex sensor works in such a way that, when the following

16
tree is cut and the tree falls on the side where the flex sensor is placed, the flex sensor experiences
an amount of bend due to the breaking of that particular branch. The flex sensor’s action being
resistance proportional to the amount of bend, the flex sensor is activated and sends the result to
the microcontroller.
Conversely, when a tree happens to fall not on the flex sensor side but any other direction, the
accelerometer, which is programmed to function in all the three axes will detect the falling of
the tree in any direction when it exceeds the preset values of bending i.e. in degrees. This way
when the trees are being cut or fall due to any reasons, these sensors undergo change and this is
transmitted to the Arduino Lilypad microcontroller to which a GSM module is connected. The
code written and embedded into the software will be run and the module sends the intimation to
the local authorities implying ‘TREES BEING CUT’.

17
 CHAPTER 5

RESULTS

5.1 Software Simulation Output:

Here we gave the output of the flex sensor and accelerometer to the Arduino Lilypad whose
connection is made with GSM (Global System for Mobile communication).

The SIM900A is a complete Dual-band GSM/GPRS solution in a SMT module which can be
embedded in the customer applications. Featuring an industry-standard interface, the SIM900A
delivers GSM/GPRS 900/1800MHz performance for voice, SMS, Data, and Fax in a small form
factor and with low power consumption.

The GSM is stored with the sim through which the information is to be sent through Embedded
C code with the mobile number of the sim to whom we send the information. Whenever a change
is detected, the mobile receives the message stored in the code to report the information.

18
Fig 5.1

19
 CHAPTER 6

ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

6.1 Advantages

• The circuit manufacturing is of low cost.

• The system is more efficient.
• Quick response of the circuit.

6.2 Applications

• The Tree monitoring system helps to clear the traffic when there is
sudden fall of tree in the middle of road.
• This monitoring system helps to cut down the illegal activities
which frequently take place in forests.
• Reduces deforestation

20
 CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION AND FUTURWORK:

7.1 CONCLUSION

Through this system we can stop the tree cutting in forest and regulate the trafficking of trees
in forest where the human being not gifted to offer security.

Through this tree monitoring system smuggling activities can be reduced to an extent and even
the traffic issues can be cleared especially in hill areas.

Protects the environment, thereby reducing deforestation.

7.2 FUTURE WORK:

This system can also be developed through a camera also where it can be noticed by whom the
tree is cut and then the measures as well as preventions can be taken.
It can also be developed by a fire alarm system which can prevent trees from forest fires to an
extent.

21
 REFERENCES:

1. Bae, Jae Soo, Rin Won Joo and Ki Bong Lee. 2010. Causes of Forest Degradation and Drivers
of Forest Recovery in South Korea. New Research Report No. 27. Forest Research Institute.
Seoul, Korea.

2. FSI 2012. India state of the forest report 2011. Dehradun, India: Forest Survey of India,
Ministry of Environment and Forests.

3. ICFRE 2011. Forest sector report India 2010. Dehradun: Indian Council of Forestry Research
and Education; 204 p.

4. Tewari VP, Sukumar R, Kumar R, Gadow Kv. 2014. Forest Observational Studies in India:
Past Developments and Considerations for the Future. For Ecol Mgmt. 316:32–46.

5. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249-8958,

Volume-8 Issue-5, June 2019, Iot Based Anti-Poaching Of Trees, N. Shilpa, Ch. Sudharani

6. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 06 Issue: 01

| Jan 2019, Design an Antistealing System for Endangered Trees with Solar Power, G.
Senthilrajan, T. Iswarya, K. Gayathri, E. Indhumathi

7. International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology (IJCST) – Volume 4 Issue
1, Jan - Feb 2016, Preventive System for Forests, Prasad R. Khandar, K. Deivanai [2]

8. IJIRSET, Vol. 6, Issue 3, March 2017, Innovative Protection of Valuable Trees from
Smuggling Using RFID and Sensors, Suguvanam K R, Senthil Kumar R, Partha Sarathy S,
Karthick K, Raj Kumar S

22
https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/forests/importance_forests/

https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/forests/

https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/forests/deforestation_causes2/

https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/forests/deforestation_causes2/illegal_logging/

23
 APPENDIX:

Software Code:

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

#include <string.h>

SoftwareSerial gsm (2,3);/// GSM MODEM Tx 2 and Rx to 3

#define flex A1

int i = 0;

Void SendSMS(String Data){ ////send a message///

gsm. print("AT+CMGF=1\r"); //Because we want to send the SMS in text mode

delay(1000);

gsm.print("AT+CMGS=\"+918466941999\"\r"); //Start sending message to this number

//

//to be sent to the number specified.

//Replace this number with the target mobile number.

delay(1000);

gsm.print(Data);

gsm.print("Trees being cut\r"); //The text for the message

24
 delay(1000);

gsm.write(0x1A); //Equivalent to sending Ctrl+Z

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

pinMode(flex, INPUT);

gsm.begin(9600);

void loop () {

if ((analogRead (A0)>400) || (analogRead (A0)<280)){

digitalWrite (13, HIGH);

String SMSData = "TREE'S BEING CUT";

SendSMS (SMSData);

digitalWrite (13, LOW);

else if (digitalRead (flex)==LOW){

digitalWrite (13, HIGH);

String SMSData = "TREE'S BEING CUT";

25
 SendSMS (SMSData);

digitalWrite (13 , LOW);

ABBREVIATIONS:

● Tx- Transmitter
● Rx- Receiver
● 2,3 are GSM portals

26