Alonzo, Gianne Colline N.

2014120429
Religion:
INFLUENCES:  Islam
History  Roman Catholicism
 Protestantism, Aglipayan, Iglesia ni
 Immigration via land-bridges as early as Kristo
250,000 years ago, and later, sea vessels
 Immigrants of Malay origin, food Geography and Geology:
gatherers and hunters  Archipelago of 7000 islands-
 3000 BC, joined by advanced mountainous and fragmented
agricultural race from Indonesia, with  3 main island groups: Luzon, Visayas
barangays as tribal system and Mindanao
 Laws on marriage, inheritance,  Southeast Asia, Pacific Ocean- strategic
ownership, crime and behavior. position- in the path of Far East trade
 Elaborate animistic religion  Major earthquake and volcanic belt
 In the path of typhoons from the Pacific
Indians in 4th and 5th century BC
Chinese in 3rd and 4th century AD Climate:
Arabs- converted some parts to Islam in 1300  Dry and wet season
AD  Typhoons and tropical storms
Trade center of the Orient- Sulu was frequent
by ships from China, Cambodia, Sumatra, Java, Description:
India and Arabia
Building Capability:
American Rule:
 Even with ties to nearby countries, our
 Island were sold and ceded to America, ancestors saw no need for large
as a result of Spanish war with USA megalithic structures etc.
 Continued fighting  Nevertheless showed engineering
 Democracy was introduced- allowed a capability and prowess with the Rice
self-government called Commonwealth terraces of Northern Luzon
Era
Settlements:
Japanese Invasions:  Big villages along key trade centers
 December 1941  Near the sea-shore, beside rivers and
 Established a puppet government streams-for purposes of travel,
 Liberation when Gen. Mcarthur communication and sanitation.
returned in July 1945
 Independence in 1946 Filipino Architecture
 Shaped by the climate, terrain,
 3rd largest English-speaking country in vegetation, and fauna around it.
the world  Two elements in making a house. 1.)
Tradition or following the generally
accepted form and structural patterns;
 Citadel of Christianity and democracy in
and 2.) Chance or “playing it by ear”,
East Asia
allowing minor modifications for the
builder and his family.
 Mixture of races: Malay, Chinese,
Spanish, American  Tropical, Light and Open & Transparent

Spanish Rule:
 1521 Ferdinand Magellan landed
 1564 Miguel Lopez de Legazpi brought
Christianity
 Systematically and efficiently
Christianized most part of the country
 Introduced European institution and
thought
 Economically linked Manila with Mexico
and the rest of the world- via the
Spanish Galleon Trade
Brief occupation by the British forces (1762-
1764); attempted seizure by Dutch and Chinese
 Spanish colony until 1900s
 Nationalist movement by Jose Rizal,
unsuccessful revolt by Aguinaldo
Cave dwellings
 Earliest human habitation
 Tabon Cave, Palawan had been
inhabited for 30,000 years caves in
Agono, Rizal with indent petroglyphs
Tree houses
 Perched on forked branches of trees, up
to 60 ft above the ground.
 Prevented attack by animal and human
enemies
 By the Gaddang and Kalinga of Luzon
 Manobo and Mandaya of Mindanao
 Moros of Lake Lanao
Lean-Tos
 Windbreaks or windscreens as the
first attempt at building
 Served as shelters during a hunting
or food gathering journey
 Made of light branches and fronds,
but strong enough to withstand a
storm.
 Negritos of Zambales
 Agtas of Palawan, Isabela
Bahay kubo o Nipa Hut
 Balai and Spanish cubo o cube- cube
shaped house, from its boxy appearance
 Primitive style of dwelling probably
started around 200 BC, with the coming
of iron tools
 Well-adapted to tropical climate; of
wood, rattan, cane, bamboo, palm leaves,
cogon and nipa.
Elevated one to five feet from the ground-
silong
 Protection from the moist ground and
floor
 Protection from vermin and other
animals
 Enclosed area as sleeping quarters
 Silong used for storage for tools and
crops, and animal enclosures, or burial
ground.
 Usually with steep thatch roof
 Varies across regional and ethnic lines
Spanish Houses; Bahay-na-Bato:
Evolved from the Bahay-Kubo; a tropical house
 Steep, hip roof
 Post and lintel construction
 Elevated living quarters
 Economy of materials
 Space flowing of one room to next
 Light and airy structure
Spanish, Neo-Classical, Gothic and Baroque
influence
 Grandeur and Solidity
 Ornamentation
Vigan houses, Antilla houses, Ivatan houses;
First floor:
 Zaguan, for caroza
 Quadra, horse table
 Bodega, store room
Second floor
 Stairway
 Caida, ante-sala from stairs
 Sala, living room
 Comedor, dining room
 Cocina, kitchen
 Dispensa, pantry
  Letrina or Comun, toilet
 Bano, bath Liceo de Manila
 Azotea, open terrace -MO-P “Maestros de Obra-Practica”
 Aljibe, water cistern -MO-A “Maestros de Obra-Academia”
 Cuatro, Alcoba, Dormitorio
Escuela de Ingenieria Y Arquitectura
 Entresuelo, vault
-closed after one year
 Balcon, balcony
 Patio, courtyard Mapua Institute of Technology (1925)
-first architecture school
Spanish Churches Adamson University
-2nd school of architecture
Calasiao, Pangasinan
-2nd best bell tower UST College of Architecture
-by Fr. Ramon Dalinao 3rd school of architecture
Laoag Church, Ilocos Norte Organizations:
-by Fr. Joseph Ruiz
 Philippine Architects Society
-sinking bell tower
 Philippine Institute of Architects
Las Pinas Church  League of Philippine Architects
By Fr. Diego Cera  Association of Phil. Govn. Architects
 In 1975, PIA + LPA + APGA=
Loboc, Bohol United Architects of the Phil.
-biggest number of murals on walls and
ceilings Daniel Burnham- city plan of Manila
William Parsons
Manila Cathedral Juan Arellano
-by Bishop Domingo Salazar Tomas Mapua- 1st registered architect in
the country
Miago Church, Iloilo Alejandro Legardo
-by Fr. Fernando Comporedondo Antonio Toledo
Carlos Barredo
Morong Church, Rizal
-exquisite Spanish Baroque style Masonic Temple, Escolta
-by Fr. Bias dela Marte 1st concrete building in Escolta

Panay Church Philippine Normal School

-large bell, from 30 sacks of coins donated by Philippined Normal University
townspeople
University of the Philippines
Quiapo Church Padre Faura
-restored by Juan Nakpil
National Museum
San Agustin Church 1st legislative building
-by Fr. Juan Macias
Intendencia Building
Schools Adjacent to the Manila Cathedral

Escuela Practica Y Profecional de Artes Oficio Luneta Hotel

de Manila 2ND hotel in Asia
-1980 French Baroque style
-taught by maestros de obras
Army and Navy Club
Rest and recreation for
soldiers
De La Salle College
by Tomas Mapua
Rizal Monument
Obelisk
Sta. Isabel College
One of first steel building
Steel from Belgium by Eiffel
FEU Main building
-by Pablo Antonio
Metropolitan Theatre
-by Juan Arellano
College of Engineering and Liberal Arts,
UP Diliman
-by Cesar Concio
The Church of the Risen Lord, UP
-by Cesar Concio
The Iglesia ni Cristo
-by Carlos-Santos Viola
The Meralco Building
-by Jose Zaragoza
Philippine Heart Center
The Quiapo Monument
-Jorge Ramos
The Quezon Monument
-by Federico Ilustre
The Central Bank of the Philippines
Asian Institute of Management
-by Gabriel Formoso
SM Megamall
-by Antonio Sindiong
Robinson’s Galleria
-by William Coscocuella
The New Istana, Brunei
Cultural Center of the Philippines
American Parish of the Holy Sacrifice, UP
Diliman
-by Leandro Locsin
PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE
PRE-SPANISH ERA
CONTENTS:
CLIMATE
• The provinces in the low lands normally near
the sea shores are hotter compare of the places
in the high lands where they established their
group in the mountains. During the months of
March to June is the dry season and wet season
is from July to October; the rest of the month is
the mixture of both. So as the houses we're
built in accordance to what the temperature
and weather condition.
HISTORY
During the Pre-Spanish
 Immigrants of Malay origin, food gatherers
and hunters
 3000 BC, joined by advance agricultural race
from Indonesia
 Barangays as tribal system
 Converted to Islam in 1300 AD
 Trade center of the orient
MATERIALS
BAMBOO NIPA COGON GRASS RATTAN
GUIJO TREE YAKAL TREE
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
• Tropical Architecture
• Open and transparent
• Light
BONTOC (Fayu)
• Location: Mountain Area of Cordillera
• House within a house shelter for rice,
chickens, pigs and people
• Plan: square in plan and is designed to
facilitate various activities
• Granary (falig) - area of 2.00 square meters is
elevated on four posts of about 5’-0” high
• Has a fireplace located at the rear left corner
• On the ground floor (cha-la-noii) the
following areas are arranged from the doorway
to the rear as follows:
a. Immediately at the left side of the main
entrance is a rice threshing room of about 5
square feet in area and sunk about a foot into
the ground. Found at the center of this room is
the mortar used for threshing rice.
b. At the right side of the entrance is a bench
4’-O” wide,12’-O” long and l’-O” high where
baskets, utensils and other tools are placed.
Chickens are kept underneath this bench.
c. Adjacent to the threshing room is the
kitchen. With an area of 5 square feet, it is
provided with three concave stove stones
hacked by a low stone wall, wooden shelves and
water jars.
d. Across the only entrance, at the rear side of
the house is the ang-an, which is used for
sleeping and storage. This is the only room
with wooden flooring and ceiling.
Structural:
• Four corner posts and the side walls are built
as supports to the roof
• Front and side walls are made of wood
connected to the posts
• Rear wall is made of stone and mud • Roof
framing is made up of a ridge post which Is
supported by two queen posts
• Queen posts are made to rest on a central
horizontal beam
• Decorative Elements:
• The sleeping compartment is provided with
wooden boards or sleeping benches 3-O” x 4-
O” in size.
• The board is slightly inclined on one end to
allow the sleepers head be elevated. On the
other end is a pole where the sleeper can rest
his feet.
• Fire can be provided under this pole when
the need for warmth arises in the occupant.
BONTOC HOUSE OF CORDILLERA
MOUNTAINS
Ifugao
• Location: Mountains of Cordillera
• Built on rice terraces near a spring or grove
entry faces down slope
• Plan: • enclosed structure which is square in
plan
• rests 2.00 high on four tree trunks as columns
• Contains a single room having an area of
4x5M
•interior space is used for cooking and sleeping
• Fireplace is located at the far right hand
corner of the house • Shelves above the
fireplace are provided for the storage of palay
and firewood
• Floor is about 1.50 to 2,00 above the ground
made of wooden planks resting on solid floor
joists which overhang the floor
Structural
• posts are buried into a hole dug about half
meter into the ground and are further secured
by means of stones placed on each hole
• Floor girders are carved with mortises on
both ends to fit into the pointed upper end of
the posts which act as the tenons
• Lower part of the wallboards are mortised
into the floor joists while the upper part are
rabbeted above into a transverse beam • roof is
pyramidal covered with reed and grass PRE-
SPANISH ARCHITECTURE OF LUZON
Structural • Roof framing is made up of rafters
resting on a brace above and which in turn is
supported by a kingpost. • At the apex of the
roof, the grass covering is made loose in order
to allow the escape of smoke coming from the
kitchen area.
Decorative Elements: • carabao’s skulls and
pig’s jaws are used as indication of status and
keeping peace with the gods
• Ambubulan figure form placed on top of the
roof is used as a protection against evil spirits
and lightning and as a sign of asking a favour
from the god Kabunyan
• These symbolic items rather than the size of
his house are used as induations of the Ifugao’s
wealth.
Ifugao House of Cordillera Mountains
Isneg/ Apayao
• Location: Mountain of Apayao and the
Northern end of Cordillera
• Home of the Isneg boat people; pyramidal or
hipped roof; annex on one or both ends;
removable sidings for special occasion
• Plan:
• Elevated at approximately 1.50 above the
ground
• a single-room rectangular structure designed
with three levels
• lowest level: datag or xassaran, located at the
center of the room • immediate level: ramuyon,
occupy three sides of the floor proper (the
lowest level) • highest level: tarakip, located on
the remaining side of the house is an extension.
Structural:
• Fifteen posts of heavy hardwood are used as
supports. Posts are distributed in the following
manner:
• Sinit posts - six of these support the data g
and two support the tarakip
• Adixi posts - six of these support the roof
• Atobrobo - a single post supporting the
ridgepole
There are no fixed window openings since wall
construction system allow occupants to remove
few wailboards in case air is needed for the
interior.
Isneg of Apayao Mountain and Northern part
of Cordillera
• Ivatan
• Location: Slope of cliffs and villages built
along the sides and tops of rocky hills of
Batanes Island
Plan: • stand directly on the ground to
withstand strong winds or typhoons • made up
of two houses - the rakuh (big house) consists
of the living room and sleeping quarters and
the kusina (kitchen)
Structural: • The walls, made of lime and stone,
is sometimes embedded with wooden
reinforcements in order to resist the effect of a
strong earthquake. The reinforcements run
from the hase up to the roof frame.
Doors and windows are provided in the rakuh
house but the wall facing the direction of the
strongest winds are left solidly closed.
Kalinga
• Location: Steep mountain slope of the
Cordillera
• Plan: • rectangular or octagonal form •
octagonal shaped house is called binayon or
finatyon • living area is elevated at 1.20 meters
Attic is located underneath the roof which is
also used as granary, elevated fireplace is found
at the left rear side, flooring of the elevated
portions of the house is made of removable
reed mats resting on floor joists.
Structural
Total of 12 posts used as supports to the
binayon house • square central portion of the
house is defined and supported by four posts
while the other eight posts are distributed on
the four corners
The lower part of the wall is made of plaited
bamboo or Sawali which rises up to the floor
level, while the upper portion up to the eaves
are made of wooden boards rabetted to the
exterior floor.The approach to the house is
through a ladder which leads to a narrow
platform at the front
Mangyan
• Location: Mountainside or hillside of
Mindoro
• Plan: communal house is elevated from the
ground at 1.50 meters to the surrounding
platform. One-room structure measures 6.00 x
10.00 and is rectangular in plan
• Palaganan - passageway At the central part of
the house leading from the main door. Visitors
may sleep along the palaganan but most of the
time this is used as an extra storage space for
the families Individual families are not
separated from one another by partitions.
Rather, their space allotment is defined by a
mat spread on the floor and also by their
individual fireplaces.
Structural: • walls are made of the bark of trees
and are constructed a meter or less above the
floor
Tagbanua
• Location: Coastal and Near-Coastal plains
and valleys of Central Palawan • Plan: Elevated
on stilts about 8’-O” high usually made of eight
levels • Each level corresponds to certain
function such as entrance, cooking or hearth,
dining, sleeping and various levels for storage
Badjao
• Location: Mindanao and Sulu Region •
Plan: • Ladder serve as wash area • Mirror
symbolize the number of children • Considered
houseboats
Badjao Houses of Mindanao
Manobo • Location: Lowland of Agusan,
Bukidnon, Davao, Misamis Oriental, Cotabato •
Plan: • Flooring is made of withered bark of the
mahogany tree or split bamboo • No
decorations at all in the Manobo house because
the Manobos stay outdoors most of the time •
Four or more corner posts are used as main
supports to the house • The main house is
covered with sun-dried cogon grass gabled roof
shaped like an inverted V • The roof for the
kitchen is considerably lower than that of the
main roof and is placed at right angles to the
main house
The only entrance to the house is located at the
kitchen area. The ladder is made of the trunk of
the tree cut with notches to serve as its steps.
Maranao Torogan • Location: Hills, along the
river, road or lakeshore of Mindanao • An
ancestral house for the datu and his family •
Special Parts: • Tapaan – found at the Kitchen,
made of plaited bamboo used for smoking fish
and meat. • Kodal or the carabao corral – found
underneath the Kitchen • Gibon or Paga -
rooms not exposed to visitors; used as hiding
place for the datu’s daughter • Lamin - a tower
atop the brogan where the princess and her
ladies in waiting hide during occasions •
Panggao – datu’s ceremonial bed.
Structural: • The torogan house is constructed
by first putting up the center post called
rapuwilih followed by four corner posts called
lukud. • Flouse posts are made from bunga
wood and are placed on top of large stones for
protection against the devastating effect of
earthquakes • floor beams are supported by 25
thick posts • end beams are called panolong
and are ornately carved with piako (fern-like)
or naga (dragon-like) motifs • Walls are made
of gisuk wooden panels carved with ornate okir
designs
Maranao House of Mindanao
Samal • Location: Coastal waters of Jolo • Plan:
• consisting of one or more small rooms and a
kitchen are built partially above the ground and
water on wooden posts • Structural: • Stilts are
usually made of bamboo poles while walls are
made of wooden boards or sawali • Roof
thatching is held securely by placing flattened
bamboo spaced far apart over it
Samal House of Jolo
Tausug • Location: Coastal water of Tapul, Siasi,
Basilan, Malaysian, Borneo, Tawi-Tawi,
Zamboanga del Sur, Cotabato • Bay-smug –
their native name for traditional Tausug house
• Plan: • Elevated above the ground, it consists
of the following parts: entrance porch or salos,
sleeping quarters and kitchen • Panran – an
open extended platform used as a family area •
The kitchen, whose flooring is a foot lower than
that of the main house, is a separate area linked
to the main house by a bridge made of bamboo
or wooden planks • flooring of the house is
made of thin strips of bamboo material • Bilik –
sleeping area • Found at the roof top is the
tajuk pusung. It is a wood carving in the form
of the manuk manuk bird showing a stylized
head and neck of a rooster or a stylized design
of a naga dragon
Structural: • sleeping area or the bilik is the
only room in the house proper and is supported
by 9 posts while the porch and the kusina are
supported by separate posts • posts are made of
heavy timber or bamboo • Except for the center
post, all posts rise up to the roof • Wooden
floor beams or hanglad attached to the posts
together with other smaller beams support the
floor joists • Beams and girders are joined
together either by joints or by tying both
members with hijuk vines or lagtang and haun
vines • Walls are made of split bamboo or
woven coconut palms wall does not reach up to
the roof. An opening of about 0.45 meters is
provided for ventilation
Tausug House of Mindanao
T’Boli • Location: Hilltops and mountaintops in
the Lake Sebu area in Cotabato • Plan: • house
is built on 6-O” high stilts, built with various
levels • with an approximate area of 900 to
1,350 sq. ft.
• Lowa - it is the central space used as sleeping
area for overnight guests. It has an area of 15e-
O” x 20’-0” and 8” lower than the areas
alongside it.
• BIaba - it is the side area, usually 6’-O” wide,
used as working and conversational space. •
Desyung - this is located opposite the Iowa and
the blaba. This is regarded as the area of honor
because here the head of the house entertains
guests and performs rites under a curtained
canopy.
• Dofil - located on both sides of the desyung
and sometimes elevated at a height of 3’-O”
over the iowa, this is the sleeping quarters for
the wives and children of the headman.
Bakdol - this is the entrance to the house •
Kohu - this is the hearth made of beaten-earth
floor. It has a shelf where pots and pans,
baskets and other utensils are kept
. • Dol - this is an area used for the kohu and
stair landing.
• Fato Hu - located at the rearmost part of the
house, it is the utility area.
• Kotel - a detached structure located some few
feet away from the house which functions as a
toilet
Structural • Bamboo is generally used for the
house posts • Walls are made of sawali or
woven bamboo strips • The low biaba wall is
hinged to the floor at its lower side so that it
can be opened towards the outside in case an
extended floor area is needed • The dofils are
separated from one another by means of a
sawali wall which extends up to the roof.
Yakan • Location: Mountainous interior of
Basilan • Plan: • Elevated 2 to 3 meters above
the ground • single-room structure rectangular
in plan with approximately 50 to 100 sq. mts.
floor area • does not have partitions • kitchen is
used as the family’s dining area • porch is used
for entertaining guests and as a resting place
for the household • In the Living room, one will
find a cloth-weaving Loom located near the
door which leads to the porch outside.
Structural: • Posts are made of sturdy wood
onto which floor beams are attached • walls are
made of sawali or horizontal wooden boards or
bamboo poles attached to one another by
rattan lashings • Roof eaves overhang the wall
at .50 meters.
Doors are oriented towards the east for
prosperity while few and small windows are
provided because of the belief that bad spirits
cannot pass through the small openings quite
easily. A small window is often provided at the
end wall opposite the kitchen.
An indigenous house used relatively all over the
Philippines before the Spaniards. •
Traditionally made of Bamboo tied together
covered with thatched roof of Anahaw Leaves
or Nipa • Originally, the bahay kubo is a one-
room dwelling structure with porch provided
on all sides of the house. Then, the bahay kubo
graduated into a more sophisticated type of
dwelling NIPA HUT (BAHAY-KUBO)
Parts: • Bulgan - is the area reserved for
entertaining guests • Silid - is a private room
used for sleeping • Paglutuan or gilir - ¡s the
kitchen or cooking area • Silong - is the space
found underneath the house used as a storage
space for the farming and fishing implements
and also for the animals kept • Parts of the
Kitchen:
• Dapogan - is a table on top of which is the
river stone, shoe- shaped stove or kalan.
• Ban gahan - this was later called ban gguera
or banggerahan and is used as a place for
drying and storing pots and pans, drinking
glasses, plates and other kitchen utensils.
• Batakui - this is the unroofed area where
water jars (used for drinking, washing and
bathing) are kept. NIPA HUT (BAHAY-KUBO)
Exterior of a “Bahay-Kubo” NIPA HUT
(BAHAY-KUBO)
Dining Area of a Bahay-Kubo” NIPA HUT
(BAHAY-KUBO)
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE;
AMERICAN PERIOD
After the Spanish American war in 1898 the
Americans took over rule of the Philippines
until after the second world war. During this
period the Americans constructed many Art
Nouveaux buildings in Manila. In 1902 Judge
William Howard Taft was appointed to head
the Philippine Commission to evaluate the
needs of the new territory. Taft, who later
became the Philippines' first civilian Governor-
General, decided that Manila, the capital,
should be a planned town. He hired as his
architect and city planner Daniel Hudson
Burnham, who had built Union Station and the
post office in Washington. In Manila, Mr.
Burnham had in mind a long wide, tree-lined
boulevard along the bay, beginning at a park
area dominated by a magnificent hotel. To
design, what is now known as, the Manila
Hotel Taft hired William E. Parsons, a New
York architect, who envisioned an impressive,
but comfortable hotel, along the lines of a
California mission, but grander. The original
design was an H-shaped plan that focused on
well-ventilated rooms on two wings, providing
grand vistas of the harbor, the Luneta, and
Intramuros. The top floor was, in fact, a large
viewing deck that was used for various
functions, including watching the American
navy steam into the harbor.
Many of these buildings were heavily damaged
during the Battle of Manila in 1945. After the
second world war many were rebuilt. Many
buildings in Manila were designed by the
Filipino architect Juan M. de Guzman Arellano.
In 1911 the Army Corps of Engineers
constructed the Manila Army and Navy Club at
the shore of Manila Bay bordering the Luneta
Park. The building consisits of a Grand
entrance and has three stories that housed the
various function rooms and the Hotel rooms. It
has been in use far into the eighties however it
has fallen into dacay and is in need of
restoration.
At T.M. Kalaw Street stands on of the
remaining structures that survived the
liberation of Manila in 1945 , the "Luneta
Hotel."
The Hotel was completed in 1918 . According to
study by Dean Joseph Fernandez of the
University of Santo Tomas, the hotel was
designed by the Spanish architect-engineer
Salvador Farre. The structure is the only
remaining example of the French Renaissance
architecture with Filipino stylized beaux arts in
the Philippines to date. This famous landmark
fell gradually into decay. In 2007 the
renovation activities have started and it is
hoped that this building will be restored to its
old grandeur.
The Manila Metropolitan Theatre is an art
deco building designed by the Filipino architect
Juan M. de Guzman Arellano, and built in 1935.
During the liberation of Manila by the
Americans in 1945, the theatre we totally
destroyed. After reconstruction by the
Americans it gradually fell into disuse in the
1960’s. In the following decade it was
meticulously restored but again fell into decay.
Recently a bus station has been constructed at
the back of the theatre. The City of Manila is
planning a renovation of this once magnificent
building.
The sculptures in the façade of the Theatre are
from the Italian sculptor Francesco Riccardo
Monti, who lived in Manila from 1930 until his
death in 1958, and worked closely together
with J.M. de Guzman Arellano. Highly stylized
relief carving of Philippine plants executed by
the artist Isabelo Tampingco decorate the lobby
walls and interior surfaces of the building.
In 1940 the Jai Alai building was constructed
along Taft avenue, designed by architect
Welton Becket. It has been built in the
Philippine Art Deco style. In addition to the Jai
Alai game it included the famous " Sky Lounge".
Unfortunately, demolition began on July 15,
2000 on the orders of Mayor Lito Atienza. The
building is now gone for ever.
The [Far Eastern University (FEU)] FEU was
awarded the UNESCO Heritage Award in 2005
for being the only preserved and enduring Art
Deco structure in the Philippines. Although the
FEU was totally damaged during World War II,
the university was restored to its original Art
Deco design in the American Period.
National Monument of Jose Rizal
The bronze and granite Rizal monument
located in Rizal Park, Manila, has long been
considered among the most famous sculptural
landmarks in the Philippines. The monument
is located near the very spot where Dr. Jose
Rizal was executed December 30, 1896.
On 28 September 1901, the Philippine
Assembly approved Act No. 243, “granting the
right to use public land upon the Luneta in the
city of Manila” where a monument shall be
erected to Jose Rizal.” As conceived by the Act,
the monument would not merely consist of a
statue, but also a mausoleum to house Rizal’s
remains. A Committee on the Rizal Mausoleum
consisting of Poblete, Paciano Rizal (the hero’s
brother), Juan Tuason, Teodoro R. Yangco,
Mariano Limjap, Dr. Maximo Paterno, Ramon
Genato, Tomas G. del Rosario and Dr. Ariston
Bautista was created. The members were
tasked, among others, with raising funds
through popular subscriptions. The estimated
cost of the monument was P100,000. By
January 1905, that goal had been
oversubscribed. When the campaign closed in
August 1912, the amount collected had reached
P135,195.61 More than twelve years after the
Philippine Assembly approved Act No. 243, the
shrine was finally unveiled on December 30,
1913 during Rizal’s 17th death anniversary.
The Rizal Monument in Luneta was the work of
a Swiss sculptor named Richard Kissling.
Kissling was only the second placer in the
international art competition held between
1905 – 1907 for the monument design. The
first-prize winner was Professor Carlos Nicoli
of Carrara, Italy. His scaled plaster model titled
“Al Martir de Bagumbayan” (To the Martyr of
Bagumbayan) bested 40 other accepted entries.
Among his plans were the use of marble from The marble altar and the large wooden cross
Italy (in contrast to the unpolished granite now above it were sculpted by Napoleon Abueva;
at Luneta) and the incorporation of more The mosaic floor mural called the “River of
elaborate figurative elements. Life” was designed by Arturo Luz.

The church is adjacent to the U.P. Health

Service Building and the U.P. Shopping
Standalone movie theaters of the
Center Bahay Kubo mansion National artist
Philippines
for architecture Francisco Manosa, on May,
During the advent and continuous growth of
2008 built his own Ayala alabang village Bahay
Philippine cinema in the early 90's, came with
Kubo mansion. With only 3 posts or "haligi", it
the establishment of Philippine theaters in the
has 5 one-inch coconut shell doors, 2nd floor, a
Metropolitan Manila along with those in the
"silong", Muslim room, sala, and master's
Philippine provinces during the said period.
bedroom with a fish pond therein.
Regular live performances, film showings, and
festivals used to be held on the theaters that
Antipolo Church
lead to significant improvements on Philippine
culture including film, and performing arts. A
The image of "Our Lady of Peace and Good
number of Philippine cinemas were built
Voyage" has been venerated in the church of
within the City of Manila in the 90's, and were
Antipolo for centuries. The old church that
designed by prominent architects and currently
housed the virgin was destroyed in February
recognized as Philippine National Artists, but
1945 when the Americans bombed Antipolo as
are closed due to post-World War damages and
part of the liberation campaign of Manila. In
to give way to these days' city developments.
1954 a new church was build designed by the
Examples of Filipino Architecture renowned Filipino architect Jose de Ocampo.
Parish of the Holy Sacrifice This church is of a coupular design centered
The Church of the Holy Sacrifice around the image of the Virgin. It functions as
the center point of the pilgrimages to Antipolo.
The Parish of the Holy Sacrifice is the first
The Mansion is located on the eastern part of
circular church and the first thin-shell concrete
the city along the Leonard Wood Road and
dome in the Philippines The Parish of the Holy
right across from Wright Park. It was built in
Sacrifice is the landmark Catholic chapel in the
1908 for U.S government generals and
University of the Philippines, Diliman. Known
destroyed in 1945, during the battle for the
for its architectural design, the church is
liberation of the Philippines.
recognized as a National Historical Landmark
and a Cultural Treasure by the National American Period Structure:
Historical Institute and the National Museum The Siliman Hall of Siliman University, found
respectively. in Dumaguete City, is the oldest standing
stricture in the Philippine.
It was designed by the late National Artist for
Architecture, Leandro Locsin, which was only The Central Philippines University Church in
one of the five national artists who collaborated Iloilo City is a fine and unique example of
on the project. Alfredo Juinio served as the Malay design and motif with American
structural engineer for the project. Other elements.
Filipino artists contributed to the design of the
interior of the church: Emilio Aguinaldo’s house in Kawit, Cavite,
renovations designed by Aguinaldo himself, the
Around the Chapel are fifteen large murals first President of the Philippines.
painted by Vicente Manansala depicting the
Stations of the Cross;

POST WAR PERIOD
post·war
post-war; occurring or existing after a war
(especially World War II).
In 1946, the independent Philippines,
expressed its identity by implementing
Modernism through the utilization of
reinforced concrete, steel and glass, the
predominance of cubic forms, geometric
shapes and Cartesian grids, and the absence of
applied decoration
In 1947, a corps of architects and engineers
were tasked to study the modern US and Latin
American capitals and formulate a master plan
for Manila.
The 1950’s and 60’s staple architectural
element were the brise-soleil, glass walls,
piercedscreens, and thin concrete shells.
Federico Ilustre, consulting architect from the
1950s to 1970s worked on the building at the
Elliptical Road in Q.C. He started his career as
a draftsman for Juan Nakpil. He graduated
from MIT. Passed his licensure examinations
for 1937.
The centerpiece is the 65- meter high Art Deco
Quezon Memorial Monument, composed of 3
pylons topped by winged figures representing
the 3 island groups.
Cesar Homero Concio, Sr. November 30, 1907-
April 27, 2003 • First University Architect of
the University of the Philippines. When the
University transferred to Diliman from Padre
Faura in the late 1940’s, Cesar Concio was
tasked to continue what Louis Croft has started.
• He is also one of the architects selected by
President Roxas in 1947 to study the trends in
Architecture and Engineering to design the
buildings of the Capital City, especially in his
position as the chief architect of the UP
Diliman Campus.
Melchor Hall, University of the Philippines,
Diliman The Church of the Risen Lord located
at the University of the Philippines, Diliman,
Quezon City
Angel E. Nakpil
(February 20 1914 - November 2 1980 )
was a leading Filipino architect.
• Nephew of architect and national artist of the
Philippines Juan Nakpil.
• He graduated from the UST in 1931.
• Harvard-trained architect.
• He served as the City Planning Commissioner
of Manila during the post-war reconstruction
years, from 1947 - 1949.
• He was a charter member of the United
Architects of the Philippines, which was
founded in 1975.
The National Press Club building was
inaugurated on December 30, 1955 with
President Magsaysay as sponsor, along with
several cabinet members and other government
officials and other donors. The NPC building
became a historic monument to the ideals of
press freedom and unity among colleagues in
the country's newspaper industry It was
designed by Architect Angel E. Nakpil and was
constructed by Alberto T. Abaya.
Alfredo J. Luz • brother of National Artist for
Sculpture Arturo J. Luz. • AJ Luz was at the
cutting edge of Philippine modernism in the
late ’50s and early ’60s. • His body of work
includes the Menzi Building on Ayala Avenue,
the Amon Trading building on Buendia, the L &
S Building on Roxas Blvd., Dewey Blvd., Manila,
and the Fil-Oil Refinery Service Building in
Limay, Bataan.
Quisumbing Building World Health
Organization located at U.N ave. Manila
Otillo Arellano
• Born in Manila on 1916
• He is the son of Arcadio Arellano and the
nephew of Juan Arellano.
• He rose into the Architectural Profession
during the 50s to 60s, becoming the one of the
architects representing the Philippines in some
International Expositions.
• He was also chosen by Imelda Marcos to
restore the Metropolitan Theater.
• Awards Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan,
1970 PRC Outstanding Architect of the Year,
1977 Buildings National Bureau of
Investigations Philippine Pavilion 1964, New
York Otillo Arellano
National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)
Formed November 13, 1936 Headquarters Taft
Avenue, Ermita, Manila, Philippines
Felipe Mendoza • also an Physical Planner
• He formed a partnership with Gabino de Leon
and Homero Ingles but formed his own
architectural firm in 1951.
• AWARDS Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan,
1976 UAP Likha Award, 1982 PRC Outstanding
Architect of the Year, 1982 Buildings Batasang
Pambansa The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter
Day Saints Development Academy of the
Philippines Philippine Veterans Bank. Felipe M.
Mendoza
Philippine Veterans Bank in Manila The
concept of a bank for veterans of World War II
was conceived in 1956, when a war reparations
agreement was signed between Japan and the
Philippines. the Philippine Veterans Bank was
born on June 18, 1963 through Republic Act No.
3518.
Gabriel Formoso
• started his career in the 1950’s and by the
1960’s, he was already successful and became
the most popular architect of the residences of
the posh Makati villages.
• he was also one of the people selected in 1963
to the planning and working committee for the
future Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila.
• AWARDS
PRC Outstanding Architect of the Year, 1979
Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan, 1977
Republic Cultural Heritage Awards, 1973
United Architects of the Philippines Likha
Award, 1990.
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
La Tondena Building
Carlos Arguelles
• He studied abroad,
• He served as a professor in Design at the UST
College of Architecture and Fine Arts.
• Appointment as Dean of the UST College of
Architecture and Fine Arts from 1954 to 1959. •
American Institute of Architects(AIA) and the
Philippine Institute of Architects(PIA)
Philam Life Building U.N Ave. St. Ermita
Manila International Rice Research Institute
(IRRI) IN Los banos
The 1950’s also witnessed Space Age aesthetics
and Soft modernism, which experimentedwith
the sculptural plasticity of poured concrete to
come up with soft and sinuous organicforms
with the use of thin shell technology. Examples
are:
Space Age-Victor Tiotuycos’s UP International
Center and Jose Zaragoza’s UnionChurch
Soft Modernism: Church of the Holy Sacrifice,
and Phil Atomic Research Center
In the 1950’s the height of buildings was
limited to 30 meters by law. With the
amendment of Manila ordinance No. 4131, a
high-rise fever redefined Manila’s skyline:
-Angel Nakpil’s 12-storey Picache Building,
considered as the 1st skyscraper in thePhils.
-Cesar Concio’s Insular Life Building, the 1st
office building to surpass the old 30-
meterheight restriction.